Editing Indian independence movement (section)

===Ghadar Mutiny===
{{Main|Ghadar Mutiny}}

The [[Ghadar Mutiny]] was a plan to initiate a pan-Indian [[mutiny]] in the [[British Indian Army]] in February 1915 to end the [[British Raj]] in India. The plot originated at the onset of [[World War I]], between the [[Ghadar Party]] in the United States, the [[Berlin Committee]] in Germany, the [[Indian revolutionary underground]] in British India and the German Foreign Office through the consulate in San Francisco. The incident derives its name from the North American [[Ghadar Party]], whose members of the [[Punjabi Sikh]] community in Canada and the United States were among the most prominent participants in the plan. It was the most prominent amongst a number of plans of the much larger [[Hindu–German Conspiracy|Hindu–German Mutiny]], formulated between 1914 and 1917 to initiate a Pan-Indian rebellion against the [[British Raj]] during World War I.<ref name="Plowman 84"/><ref name="Hoover252"/><ref name="GBrown300"/> The mutiny was planned to start in the key state of [[Punjab (British India)|Punjab]], followed by mutinies in Bengal and rest of India. Indian units [[1915 Singapore Mutiny|as far as Singapore]] were planned to participate in the rebellion. The plans were thwarted through a coordinated intelligence and police response. British intelligence infiltrated the Ghadarite movement in Canada and in India, and last-minute intelligence from a spy helping to crush the planned uprising in Punjab before it started. Key figures were arrested, mutinies in smaller units and garrisons within India were also crushed.

Intelligence about the threat of the mutiny led to a number of important war-time measures introduced in India, including the passages of [[Ingress into India Ordinance, 1914]], the Foreigners act 1914, and the [[Defence of India Act 1915]]. The conspiracy was followed by the [[First Lahore Conspiracy Trial]] and [[Benares Conspiracy Trial]] which saw death sentences awarded to a number of Indian revolutionaries, and exile to a number of others. After the end of the war, fear of a second Ghadarite uprising led to the recommendations of the [[Rowlatt Act]]s and thence the [[Jallianwala Bagh massacre]].[[Image:BaghaJatin13.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Bagha Jatin]] after the final battle, [[Balasore]], 1915.|left]]