Editing Hysteresis (section)

=== Bubble shape hysteresis ===
The equilibrium shapes of [[Bubble (physics)|bubbles]] expanding and contracting on capillaries ([[Hypodermic needle#Use by non-specialists|blunt needles]]) can exhibit hysteresis depending on the relative magnitude of the [[Maximum bubble pressure method#Maximum bubble pressure method|maximum capillary pressure]] to ambient pressure, and the relative magnitude of the bubble volume at the maximum capillary pressure to the dead volume in the system.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Chandran Suja|first1=V.|last2=Frostad|first2=J. M.|last3=Fuller|first3=G. G.|date=2016-10-31|title=Impact of Compressibility on the Control of Bubble-Pressure Tensiometers|journal=Langmuir|doi=10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03258|pmid=27798833|issn=0743-7463|volume=32|issue=46|pages=12031–12038}}</ref>   The bubble shape hysteresis is a consequence of gas [[compressibility]], which causes the bubbles to behave differently across expansion and contraction. During expansion, bubbles undergo large non equilibrium jumps in volume, while during contraction the bubbles are more stable and undergo a relatively smaller jump in volume resulting in an asymmetry across expansion and contraction. The bubble shape hysteresis is qualitatively similar to the adsorption hysteresis, and as in the contact angle hysteresis, the interfacial properties play an important role in bubble shape hysteresis.

The existence of the bubble shape hysteresis has important consequences in [[Surface rheology|interfacial rheology]] experiments involving bubbles. As a result of the hysteresis, not all sizes of the bubbles can be formed on a capillary. Further the gas compressibility causing  the hysteresis leads to unintended complications in the phase relation between the applied changes in interfacial area to the expected interfacial stresses. These difficulties can be avoided by designing experimental systems to avoid the bubble shape hysteresis.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Alvarez|first1=Nicolas J.|last2=Walker|first2=Lynn M.|last3=Anna|first3=Shelley L.|date=2010-08-17|title=A Microtensiometer To Probe the Effect of Radius of Curvature on Surfactant Transport to a Spherical Interface|journal=Langmuir|volume=26|issue=16|pages=13310–13319|doi=10.1021/la101870m|pmid=20695573|issn=0743-7463}}</ref>