Editing Hudson Bay (section)

==Coastal communities==
{{more citations needed|section|date=July 2017}}<!--populations have no references, as well as Military development section-->

The coast of Hudson Bay is extremely sparsely populated; there are only about a dozen communities. Some of these were founded as trading posts in the 17th and 18th centuries by the Hudson's Bay Company, making them some of the oldest settlements in [[Western Canada]]. With the closure of the HBC posts and stores, although many are now run by [[The North West Company]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.northwest.ca/about-us/operations|title=Operations &#124; The North West Company|website=northwest.ca}}</ref> in the second half of the 20th century, many coastal villages are now almost exclusively populated by [[Cree]] and [[Inuit]]. Two main historic sites along the coast were [[York Factory]] and [[Prince of Wales Fort]].

Communities along the Hudson Bay coast or on islands in the bay are (all populations are as of 2016):

* Nunavut
** [[Arviat]], population 2,657<ref name="census2016ARV">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6205015&Geo2=CD&Code2=6205&Data=Count&SearchText=Keewatin&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6205&TABID=1 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Arviat|date=8 February 2017 | publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref>
** [[Chesterfield Inlet, Nunavut|Chesterfield Inlet]], population 437<ref name="census2016CHI">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6205019&Geo2=CD&Code2=6205&Data=Count&SearchText=Chesterfield%20Inlet&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6205019&TABID=1|title=Statistics Canada: 2016 Census Profile Chesterfield Inlet|publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref>
** [[Coral Harbour]], population 891<ref name="2016 Coral Harbour Census">{{cite web|title=2016 Coral Harbour Census|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6205014&Geo2=CD&Code2=6205&Data=Count&SearchText=Coral%20Harbour&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6205014&TABID=1|publisher=Statistics Canada|access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref>
** [[Rankin Inlet]], population 2,842<ref name=2016censusRI>{{cite web | url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6205017&Geo2=CD&Code2=6205&Data=Count&SearchText=Rankin%20Inlet&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6205017&TABID=1 | title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Rankin Inlet| publisher=Statistics Canada | access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref>
** [[Sanikiluaq]], population 882<ref name="census2016san">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6204001&Geo2=CD&Code2=6204&Data=Count&SearchText=Sanikiluaq&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6204001&TABID=11 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Sanikiluaq|date=8 February 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=3 March 2017}}</ref>
** [[Whale Cove, Nunavut|Whale Cove]], population 435<ref name="census2016WC">{{cite web|url=http://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=6205016&Geo2=CD&Code2=6205&Data=Count&SearchText=Whale%20Cove&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&GeoLevel=PR&GeoCode=6205016&TABID=1|title=Statistics Canada: 2016 Census Profile Whale Cove|publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=18 February 2017}}</ref>
* Manitoba
** [[Churchill, Manitoba|Churchill]], population 899<ref name="census2016CH">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=4623056&Geo2=CD&Code2=4623&SearchText=Churchill&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Churchill, Town [Census subdivision], Manitoba and Division No. 23, Census division [Census division], Manitoba|date=8 February 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref>
* Ontario
** [[Fort Severn First Nation]], population 361<ref name="census2016FS">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=3560078&Geo2=CD&Code2=3560&SearchText=Fort%20Severn&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Fort Severn 89, Indian reserve [Census subdivision], Ontario and Kenora, District [Census division], Ontario|publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref>
* Quebec
** [[Akulivik]], population 633<ref name=cp2016ak>{{SCref |year=2016| unit=csd |code=2499125}}</ref>
** [[Inukjuak]], population 1,757<ref name="cp2016in">{{SCref|year=2016|unit=csd|type=prof|code=2499085|name="cp2016"}}</ref>
** [[Kuujjuarapik]], population 686<ref name="cp2016ku">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2499075&Geo2=CD&Code2=2499&SearchText=Kuujjuarapik&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Kuujjuarapik, Village nordique [Census subdivision], Quebec and Nord-du-Québec, Census division [Census division], Quebec|date=8 February 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref>
** [[Puvirnituq]], population 1,779<ref name="cp2016pu">{{cite web |url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2499120&Geo2=PR&Code2=24&Data=Count&SearchText=Puvirnituq&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&TABID=1&B1=All |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Puvirnituq, Village nordique [Census subdivision], Quebec and Quebec [Province]|date=8 February 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada}}</ref>
** [[Umiujaq]], population 442<ref name="cp2016um">{{cite web|url=https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2499080&Geo2=CD&Code2=2499&SearchText=Umiujaq&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1&type=0 |title=Census Profile, 2016 Census Umiujaq, Village nordique [Census subdivision], Quebec and Nord-du-Québec, Census division [Census division], Quebec|date=8 February 2017 |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=13 October 2019}}</ref>
** [[Whapmagoostui]], population 984<ref name="census2016wh">{{cite web |url=http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2499816&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Whapmagoostui&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1 |title=Census Profile |publisher=Statistics Canada |access-date=13 October 2019 |archive-date=25 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171025073723/http://www12.statcan.ca/census-recensement/2016/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&Geo1=CSD&Code1=2499816&Geo2=PR&Code2=01&Data=Count&SearchText=Whapmagoostui&SearchType=Begins&SearchPR=01&B1=All&TABID=1  }}</ref>

===Military development===
The [[Hudson's Bay Company]] built forts as fur trade strongholds against the French or other possible invaders. One example is [[York Factory]] with angled walls to help defend the fort. In the 1950s, during the [[Cold War]], a few sites along the coast became part of the [[Mid-Canada Line]], watching for a potential Soviet bomber attack over the North Pole. The only Arctic deep-water port in Canada is the [[Port of Churchill]], located at Churchill, Manitoba.