Editing History of Peru (section)

===Restoration (1839–1841)===
{{main|Restoration (Peru)}}
After the demise in the [[War of the Confederation]], the states of Peru and Bolivia were re-established as independent and separate from each other. The Constituent Congress meeting in [[Huancayo]] ratified [[Agustín Gamarra]] as Provisional President on August 15, 1839, while the [[Constitution of Peru (1839)|new Constitution]] was being written. Once this was approved, and after a general election, Gamarra was proclaimed Constitutional President of Peru on July 10, 1840.

During this second government, treaties were signed with Brazil, the Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe school opened its doors, and [[El Comercio (Peru)|''El Comercio'']] began its publications in 1839. Gamarra followed the same guidelines as his first government, being authoritarian and conservative, as circumstances required, after several years of civil war. He faced the challenge of pacifying the country, having to face the "regenerative" revolution that [[Manuel Ignacio de Vivanco]] led in [[Arequipa]], where he proclaimed himself Supreme Chief of the Republic, in January 1841. To combat it, Gamarra sent his war minister, [[Ramón Castilla]], who after first suffering a defeat in Cachamarca, triumphed over the ''Vivanquistas'' in Cuevillas. After his defeat, Vivanco fled to Bolivia.

Gamarra's desire to unite Bolivia and Peru dovetailed into an attempt to annex Bolivia that ultimately failed and turned into a [[Peruvian-Bolivian War of 1841-1842|protracted war]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Werlich |first= David P. |title= Peru — a short history |publisher= [[Southern Illinois University Press]] |year= 1978 |pages= [https://archive.org/details/perushorthistory00werl/page/70 70–72] |isbn= 0-8093-0830-4 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/perushorthistory00werl/page/70 }}</ref> After reaching [[La Paz]] without resistance, Gamarra participated in the [[Battle of Ingavi]], where he was killed in action. In the aftermath of this battle, Bolivia occupied the south of Peru until a Peruvian resistance was established, which led to a counterattack that was ultimately successful due to the limited number of Bolivian troops.

The two nations signed the '''Treaty of Puno''' on June 7, 1842, officially ending the war. Both countries agreed to remain as separate [[sovereign state]]s and the retreat of troops in Peruvian territory was accomplished eight days later.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Preliminary Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Peru and Bolivia|publisher=[[Congress of Peru]]|year=1842|url=https://www.leyes.congreso.gob.pe/Documentos/LeyesXIX/1842045.pdf}}</ref> Bolivia unconditionally renounced all claims in southern Peruvian territory, but nevertheless, the treaty did not manage to solve the border problem or the unionist movement between the two states.

The conflict ended with a return to the situation before the war. Despite this, Peruvian historiography argues that the victories seen in all the battles in Peruvian soil overshadow the defeat at Ingavi, leaving Peru in a more favorable outcome after the end of the war.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Historia de la República del Perú|last=Basadre Grohmann|first=Jorge Alfredo|publisher=Producciones Cantabria|year=1937|isbn=978-612-306-353-5|location=National Library of Peru}}</ref>