Editing Goguryeo (section)

====Revival movements====
{{Main|Goguryeo revival movements}}
{{See also|Balhae}}

After the fall of Goguryeo in 668, many Goguryeo people rebelled against the Tang and Silla by starting Goguryeo revival movements. Among these were [[Geom Mojam]], [[Dae Jung-sang]], and several famous generals. The Tang dynasty tried but failed to establish several commanderies to rule over the area.

In 677, Tang crowned [[Bojang of Goguryeo|Bojang]] as the "King of [[Names of Korea#Joseon|Joseon]]" and put him in charge of the Liaodong commandery of the [[Protectorate General to Pacify the East]]. However, Bojang continued to foment rebellions against Tang in an attempt to revive Goguryeo, organizing Goguryeo refugees and allying with the Mohe tribes. He was eventually exiled to [[Sichuan]] in 681, and died the following year.

The [[Protectorate General to Pacify the East]] was installed by the Tang government to rule and keep control over the former territories of the fallen Goguryeo. It was first put under the control of Tang General [[Xue Rengui]], but was later replaced by Bojang due to the negative responses of the Goguryeo people. Bojang was sent into exile for assisting Goguryeo revival movements, but was succeeded by his descendants. Bojang's descendants declared independence from [[Tang dynasty|Tang]] during the same period as the [[An Lushan Rebellion]] and [[Li Zhengji]] (Yi Jeong-gi in Korean)'s rebellion in [[Shandong]].<ref>《資治通鑑·唐紀四十一》</ref><ref>《資治通鑑·唐紀四十三》</ref> The Protectorate General to Pacify the East was renamed "[[Little Goguryeo]]" until its eventual absorption into Balhae under the reign of [[Seon of Balhae|Seon]].

[[Geom Mojam]] and [[Anseung]] rose briefly at the Han Fortress (한성, 漢城, in modern [[Chaeryong County|Chaeryong]], [[South Hwanghae Province|South Hwanghae]]), but failed, when Anseung surrendered to [[Silla]]. Go Anseung ordered the assassination of Geom Mojam, and defected to Silla, where he was given a small amount of land to rule over. There, Anseung established the [[Bodeok|State of Bodeok]] ({{Korean|hangul=보덕|hanja=報德|labels=no}}), incited a rebellion, which was promptly crushed by [[Sinmun of Silla|Sinmun]]. Anseung was then forced to reside in the Silla capital, given a Silla bride and had to adopt the Silla royal surname of "Kim."

[[Dae Jung-sang]] and his son [[Go of Balhae|Dae Jo-yeong]], either a former Goguryeo general or a [[Mohe people|Mohe]] chief, regained most of Goguryeo's northern land after its downfall in 668, established the [[Balhae|Kingdom of Jin]] ({{Korean|hangul=진|hanja=震|labels=no}}), which was renamed to [[Balhae]] after 713. To the south of [[Balhae]], [[Silla]] controlled the Korean peninsula south of the [[Taedong River]], and [[Manchuria]] (now [[Northeast China|northeastern China]]) was conquered by Balhae. Balhae considered itself (particularly in diplomatic correspondence with Japan) a [[Succession of states|successor state]] of Goguryeo.

In 901, the general [[Gung Ye]] rebelled against [[Later Silla]] and founded Later Goguryeo (renamed to [[Taebong]] in 911), which considered itself to be a successor of Goguryeo. Later Goguryeo originated in the northern regions, including [[Kaesong|Songak]] (modern Kaesong), which were the strongholds of Goguryeo refugees.<ref>{{cite book|last1=이상각|script-title=ko:고려사 – 열정과 자존의 오백년|date=2014|publisher=들녘|isbn=979-1159250248|url={{GBurl|id=LonnCgAAQBAJ|pg=PT25}}|access-date=23 March 2018|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=(2) 건국―호족들과의 제휴|url=http://contents.history.go.kr/front/nh/view.do?levelId=nh_011_0040_0030_0020_0020|website=우리역사넷|publisher=[[National Institute of Korean History]]|access-date=23 March 2018|language=ko}}</ref> Later Goguryeo's original capital was established in Songak, the hometown of [[Taejo of Goryeo|Wang Geon]], a prominent general under Gung Ye.<ref>{{cite book|last1=성기환|script-title=ko:생각하는 한국사 2: 고려시대부터 조선·일제강점까지|date=2008|publisher=버들미디어|isbn=978-8986982923|url={{GBurl|id=gQ3-AwAAQBAJ|pg=PT6}}|access-date=23 March 2018|language=ko}}</ref> Wang Geon was a descendant of Goguryeo and traced his ancestry to a noble Goguryeo clan.<ref>{{cite book|last1=박|first1=종기|date= 2015|script-title=ko:고려사의 재발견: 한반도 역사상 가장 개방적이고 역동적인 500년 고려 역사를 만나다|publisher=휴머니스트|isbn=978-8958629023|url={{GBurl|id=Qn6TCgAAQBAJ|pg=PT59}}|access-date=27 October 2016|language=ko}}</ref> In 918, Wang Geon overthrew Gung Ye and established [[Goryeo]], as the successor of Goguryeo, and laid claim to Manchuria as Goryeo's rightful legacy.<ref name="Goryeo">{{cite book|last1=Yi|first1=Ki-baek|title=A New History of Korea|year=1984|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=978-0674615762|page=103|url={{GBurl|id=g2mdVwXpMzwC|p=103}}|access-date=20 October 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Rossabi">{{cite book|last1=Rossabi|first1=Morris|title=China Among Equals: The Middle Kingdom and Its Neighbors, 10th–14th Centuries|date=1983|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0520045620|page=323|url={{GBurl|id=sNpD5UKmkswC|q=%22As+the+self-proclaimed+successor+to+Koguryo+and+the+protector+of+Parhae+refugees%2C+many+of+them+of+Koguryo+origin%2C+Koryo+considered+the+northern+territories+in+Manchuria+its+rightful+legacy.%22}}|access-date=1 August 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref name="seohui">{{cite book|last1=Kim|first1=Djun Kil|title=The History of Korea|date=2005|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-0313038532|page=57|url={{GBurl|id=ci_iGuAAqmsC|p=57}}|access-date=20 October 2016|language=en}}</ref><ref name="Grayson">{{cite book|last1=Grayson|first1=James H.|title=Korea – A Religious History|date=2013|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1136869259|page=79|url={{GBurl|id=LU78AQAAQBAJ|p=79}}|access-date=20 October 2016|language=en}}</ref> Wang Geon unified the [[Later Three Kingdoms]] in 936, and Goryeo ruled the Korean Peninsula until 1392.

In the 10th century, Balhae collapsed and much of its ruling class and the last crown prince [[Dae Gwang-hyeon]] fled to Goryeo. The Balhae refugees were warmly welcomed and included in the ruling family by Wang Geon, who felt a strong familial kinship with Balhae,<ref name="Rossabi" /><ref>{{cite book|last1=박종기|script-title=ko:고려사의 재발견: 한반도 역사상 가장 개방적이고 역동적인 500년 고려 역사를 만나다|date=2015|publisher=휴머니스트|isbn=978-8958629023|url={{GBurl|id=Qn6TCgAAQBAJ|pg=PT66}}|access-date=23 March 2018|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=박용운|script-title=ko:'고구려'와 '고려'는 같은 나라였다|url=http://www.chosun.com/culture/news/200606/200606160471.html|website=조선닷컴|publisher=[[The Chosun Ilbo]]|access-date=23 March 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170622072057/http://www.chosun.com/culture/news/200606/200606160471.html|archive-date=22 June 2017|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref> thus unifying the two successor nations of Goguryeo.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lee|first1=Ki-Baik|title=A New History of Korea|date=1984|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=Cambridge, Massachusetts|isbn=978-0674615762|page=103}} "When Parhae perished at the hands of the Khitan around this same time, much of its ruling class, who were of Koguryŏ descent, fled to Koryŏ. Wang Kŏn warmly welcomed them and generously gave them land. Along with bestowing the name Wang Kye ("Successor of the Royal Wang") on the Parhae crown prince, Tae Kwang-hyŏn, Wang Kŏn entered his name in the royal household register, thus clearly conveying the idea that they belonged to the same lineage, and also had rituals performed in honor of his progenitor. Thus Koryŏ achieved a true national unification that embraced not only the Later Three Kingdoms but even survivors of Koguryŏ lineage from the Parhae kingdom."</ref>