Editing Geopolitics (section)

=== Lacoste and the renaissance of French geopolitics ===
Due to the influence of German ''Geopolitik'' on French geopolitics, the latter were for a long time banished from academic works. In the mid-1970s, [[Yves Lacoste]]—a French [[geographer]] who was directly inspired by Ancel, Braudel and Vidal de la Blache—wrote ''La géographie, ça sert d'abord à faire la guerre'' (Geography first use is war) in 1976. This book symbolizes the birth of this new school of geopolitics (if not so far the first French school of geopolitics as Ancel was very isolated in the 1930s–40s). Initially linked with communist party evolved to a less liberal approach. At the end of the 1980s he founded the Institut Français de Géopolitique (French Institute for Geopolitics) that publishes the [[Hérodote]] revue. While rejecting the generalizations and broad abstractions employed by the German and Anglo-American traditions (and the ''new geographers''), this school does focus on spatial dimension of geopolitics affairs on different levels of analysis. This approach emphasizes the importance of multi-level (or multi-scales) analysis and maps at the opposite of critical geopolitics which avoid such tools. Lacoste proposed that every conflict (both local or global) can be considered from a perspective grounded in three assumptions:
# '''[[Social representation|Representation]]''': Each group or individuals is the product of an education and is characterized by specific representations of the world or others groups or individuals. Thus, basic societal beliefs are grounded in their ethnicity or specific location. The study of representation is a common point with the more contemporary critical geopolitics. Both are connected with the work of Henri Lefebvre (La production de l'espace, first published in 1974)
# '''Diachronie.''' Conducting an historical analysis confronting "long periods" and short periods as the prominent French historian Fernand Braudel suggested.
# '''Diatopie''': Conducting a cartographic survey through a multi-scale mapping.

Connected with this stream, and former member of Hérodote editorial board, the French geographer Michel Foucher developed a long term analysis of international borders. He coined various neologism among them: ''Horogenesis'': Neologism that describes the concept of studying the ''birth of borders'', ''Dyade'': border shared by two neighbouring states (for instance US territory has two terrestrial dyades : one with Canada and one with Mexico). The main book of this searcher "Fronts et frontières" (Fronts and borders) first published in 1991, without equivalent remains untranslated in English. Michel Foucher is an expert of the [[African Union]] for borders affairs.

More or less connected with this school, Stéphane Rosière can be quoted as the editor in Chief of the online journal ''L'Espace politique'', this journal created in 2007 became the most prominent French journal of political geography and Geopolitics with Hérodote.<ref>{{Cite journal|title=L'Espace Politique|url=https://journals.openedition.org/espacepolitique/|journal=L'Espace Politique|oclc=958694001}}</ref>

French philosopher Michel Foucault's [[dispositif]] introduced for the purpose of [[biopolitics|biopolitical]] research was also adopted in the field of geopolitical thought where it now plays a role.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ingram |first1=Alan |date=2017 |title=Art, Geopolitics and Metapolitics at Tate Galleries London |url=http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1532789/1/AM.pdf |journal=Geopolitics |volume=22 |issue=3 |pages= 719–739|doi=10.1080/14650045.2016.1263186|s2cid=151769284 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190412055558/http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1532789/1/AM.pdf |archive-date=2019-04-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>