Editing Gender identity (section)

===Freud and Jung's views===
In 1905, [[Sigmund Freud]] presented his theory of [[psychosexual development]] in ''[[Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality]]'', giving evidence that in the pregenital phase children do not distinguish between sexes, but assume both parents have the same genitalia and reproductive powers. On this basis, he argued that bisexuality was the original sexual orientation and that heterosexuality was resultant of repression during the [[phallic stage]], at which point gender identity became ascertainable.<ref name="Ruse1988">{{citation |last=Ruse |first=Michael |title=Homosexuality: A Philosophical Inquiry |year=1988 |publisher=Basil Blackwell |location=New York |isbn=0-631-15275-X}}</ref> According to Freud, during this stage, children developed an [[Oedipus complex]] where they had sexual fantasies for the parent ascribed the opposite gender and hatred for the parent ascribed the same gender, and this hatred transformed into (unconscious) transference and (conscious) identification with the hated parent who both exemplified a model to appease sexual impulses and threatened to castrate the child's power to appease sexual impulses.<ref name=myers/> In 1913, [[Carl Jung]] proposed the [[Electra complex]] as he both believed that bisexuality did not lie at the origin of psychic life, and that Freud did not give adequate description to the female child (Freud rejected this suggestion).<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Freud S |year=1931|chapter=Female Sexuality|title=The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud|volume=21|page=229}}</ref>