Editing Gel electrophoresis (section)

===Nanoparticles===

A novel application for gel electrophoresis is the separation or characterization of metal or metal oxide nanoparticles (e.g. Au, Ag, ZnO, SiO2) regarding the size, shape, or surface chemistry of the nanoparticles.<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/nl071615y | doi=10.1021/nl071615y | title=Separation of Nanoparticles by Gel Electrophoresis According to Size and Shape | year=2007 | last1=Hanauer | first1=Matthias | last2=Pierrat | first2=Sebastien | last3=Zins | first3=Inga | last4=Lotz | first4=Alexander | last5=Sönnichsen | first5=Carsten | journal=Nano Letters | volume=7 | issue=9 | pages=2881–2885 | pmid=17718532 | bibcode=2007NanoL...7.2881H }}</ref> The scope is to obtain a more homogeneous sample (e.g. narrower particle size distribution), which then can be used in further products/processes (e.g. self-assembly processes). For the separation of nanoparticles within a gel, the key parameter is the ratio of the particle size to the mesh size, whereby two migration mechanisms were identified: the unrestricted mechanism, where the particle size << mesh size, and the restricted mechanism, where particle size is similar to mesh size.<ref name="Barasinski2020">{{cite journal | last1=Barasinski | first1=Matthäus | last2=Garnweitner | first2=Georg | title=Restricted and Unrestricted Migration Mechanisms of Silica Nanoparticles in Agarose Gels and Their Utilization for the Separation of Binary Mixtures | journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry C | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=124 | issue=9 | date=2020-02-12 | issn=1932-7447 | doi=10.1021/acs.jpcc.9b10644 | pages=5157–5166| s2cid=213566317 }}</ref>