Editing Gadsden Purchase (section)

=== Army control ===
The residents of the area gained full US citizenship and slowly assimilated into American life over the next half-century.<ref>{{cite thesis |first=Marcy Gail |last=Goldstein |title=Americanization and Mexicanization: The Mexican Elite and Anglo-Americans in the Gadsden Purchase Lands, 1853–1880 |type=PhD dissertation |publisher=Case Western Reserve University |year=1977 }} DAI 1977 38(3): 1572-1573-A.</ref> The principal threat to the peace and security of settlers and travelers in the area was raids by Apache Indians. The US Army took control of the purchase lands in 1854 but not until 1856 were troops stationed in the troubled region. In June 1857 it established Fort Buchanan south of the Gila at the head of the Sonoita Creek Valley. The fort protected the area until it was evacuated and destroyed in July 1861.<ref>{{cite magazine |first=Ben |last=Sacks |title=The Origins of Fort Buchanan: Myth and Fact |magazine=Arizona and the West |year=1965 |volume=7 |issue=3 |pages=207–226 |issn=0004-1408}}</ref> The new stability brought miners and ranchers. By the late 1850s mining camps and military posts had not only transformed the Arizona countryside; they had also generated new trade linkages to the state of Sonora, Mexico. Magdalena, Sonora, became a supply center for Tubac; wheat from nearby Cucurpe fed the troops at Fort Buchanan; and the town of Santa Cruz sustained the Mowry mines, just miles to the north.