Editing Fullerene (section)

==Main fullerenes==
Below is a table of main closed carbon fullerenes synthesized and characterized so far, with their [[Chemical Abstract Service|CAS]] number when known.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=W. L. F. Armarego |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PTXyS7Yj6zUC&pg=PA214 |title=Purification of laboratory chemicals |last2=Christina Li Lin Chai |date=11 May 2009 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=978-1-85617-567-8 |pages=214– |access-date=26 December 2011}}</ref> Fullerenes with fewer than 60 carbon atoms have been called "lower fullerenes",<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sun |first1=Marc C. Nicklaus |last2=Rui-hua |first2=Xie |title=Structure, Stability, and NMR Properties of Lower Fullerenes C38−C50 and Azafullerene C44N6 |journal=J. Phys. Chem. |date=2005 |volume=109 |issue=20 |pages=4617–4622 |doi=10.1021/jp0450181|pmid=16833800 |bibcode=2005JPCA..109.4617S }}</ref> and those with more than 70 atoms "higher fullerenes".<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Thilgen |first1=Carlo |last2=Herrmann |first2=Andreas |last3=Diederich |first3=François |title=The Covalent Chemistry of Higher Fullerenes: C70 and Beyond |journal=Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English |date=14 November 1997 |volume=36 |issue=21 |pages=2268–2280 |doi=10.1002/anie.199722681}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
!Formula <!--!![[CAS number]]--> !! Num.<br/>Isom.[http://www.nanotube.msu.edu/fullerene/fullerene-isomers.html]||Mol.<br/>Symm.!! Cryst.<br/>Symm. !![[Space group]]!! No !! Pearson <br/>symbol!!''a'' (nm)!!''b'' (nm)!!''c'' (nm)!!β°!!''Z''!! ρ<br/>(g/cm<sup>3</sup>)
|-
|{{chem|C|20}}<!--||	           -->||1 || I<sub>h</sub> || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|{{chem|C|60}}<!--||	99685-96-8 -->||1 || I<sub>h</sub> || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|[[C70 fullerene|{{chem|C|70}}]]<!--||	115383-22-7 -->||1|| D<sub>5h</sub> || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|{{chem|C|72}}<!--|| -->||1 || D<sub>6h</sub> || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|{{chem|C|74}}<!--|| -->||1 || D<sub>3h</sub> || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
| rowspan=2 | {{chem|C|76}}<!--||135113-15-4 -->
| rowspan=2 | 2 
| rowspan=2 | D<sub>2</sub>* 
| [[Monoclinic crystal system|Monoclinic]] ||P2<sub>1</sub> ||4 || mP2 || 1.102|| 1.108||1.768||108.10||2 || 1.48
|-
|            <!--|| -->[[Cubic crystal system|Cubic]] ||Fm{{overline|3}}m|| 225 ||cF4 || 1.5475|| 1.5475|| 1.5475||90||4 || 1.64
|-
|{{chem|C|78}}<!--||136316-32-0 -->||5 || D<sub>2v</sub> || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|{{chem|C|80}}<!--|| -->||7|| || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|{{chem|C|82}}<!--|| -->||9 ||{{chem|C|2}}, C<sub>2v</sub>, C<sub>3v</sub> || [[Monoclinic crystal system|Monoclinic]] ||P2<sub>1</sub> ||4 || mP2 || 1.141 || 1.1355 ||1.8355||108.07||2 ||
|-
|{{chem|C|84}}<!--||135113-16-5 -->||24 || D<sub>2</sub>*, D<sub>2d</sub>|| [[Cubic crystal system|Cubic]] ||Fm{{overline|3}}m || || || 1.5817<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Margadonna |first1=Serena |last2=Brown |first2=Craig M. |last3=Dennis |first3=T. John S. |last4=Lappas |first4=Alexandros |last5=Pattison |first5=Philip |last6=Prassides |first6=Kosmas |last7=Shinohara |first7=Hisanori |display-authors=3 |date=July 1998 |title=Crystal Structure of the Higher Fullerene C |journal=Chemistry of Materials |volume=10 |issue=7 |pages=1742–1744 |doi=10.1021/cm980183c}}</ref> || 1.5817 ||1.5817||90|| ||
|-
|{{chem|C|86}}<!--|| -->||19 || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|{{chem|C|88}}<!--|| -->||35 || || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|{{chem|C|90}}<!--|| -->||46|| || || || || || || || || || ||
|-
|{{chem|C|3996}}<!--||175833-78-0-->|| || || || || || || || || || || ||
|}

In the table, "Num.Isom." is the number of possible [[isomer]]s within the "isolated pentagon rule", which states that two pentagons in a fullerene should not share edges.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Manolopoulos |first1=David E. |last2=Fowler |first2=Patrick W. |year=1991 |title=Structural proposals for endohedral metal-fullerene complexes |journal=Chemical Physics Letters |volume=187 |issue=1–2 |pages=1–7 |bibcode=1991CPL...187....1M |doi=10.1016/0009-2614(91)90475-O}}</ref><ref name="died1992">{{Cite journal |last1=Diederich |first1=Francois |last2=Whetten |first2=Robert L. |year=1992 |title=Beyond C60: The higher fullerenes |journal=Accounts of Chemical Research |volume=25 |issue=3 |pages=119 |doi=10.1021/ar00015a004}}</ref> "Mol.Symm." is the symmetry of the molecule,<ref name=died1992/><ref>{{Cite book |last=K Veera Reddy |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oZeFG6QDNekC&pg=PA126 |title=Symmetry And Spectroscopy Of Molecules |date=1 January 1998 |publisher=New Age International |isbn=978-81-224-1142-3 |pages=126– |access-date=26 December 2011}}</ref> whereas "Cryst.Symm." is that of the crystalline framework in the solid state. Both are specified for the most experimentally abundant form(s). The asterisk <nowiki>*</nowiki> marks symmetries with more than one chiral form.

When {{chem|C|76}} or {{chem|C|82}} crystals are grown from toluene solution they have a monoclinic symmetry. The crystal structure contains toluene molecules packed between the spheres of the fullerene. However, evaporation of the solvent from {{chem|C|76}} transforms it into a face-centered cubic form.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Kawada |first1=H. |last2=Fujii |first2=Y. |last3=Nakao |first3=H. |last4=Murakami |first4=Y. |last5=Watanuki |first5=T. |last6=Suematsu |first6=H. |last7=Kikuchi |first7=K. |last8=Achiba |first8=Y. |last9=Ikemoto |first9=I. |display-authors=3 |year=1995 |title=Structural aspects of {{chem|C|82}} and {{chem|C|76}} crystals studied by x-ray diffraction |journal=Physical Review B |volume=51 |issue=14 |pages=8723–8730 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.51.8723 |pmid=9977506}}</ref> Both monoclinic and [[face-centered cubic]] (fcc) phases are known for better-characterized [[buckminsterfullerene|{{chem|C|60}}]] and [[C70 fullerene|{{chem|C|70}}]] fullerenes.