Editing Forensic science (section)

===20th century===
[[File:Alec Jeffreys -2008.jpg|thumb|[[Alec Jeffreys]] invented the [[DNA profiling]] technique in 1984.]]

Later in the 20th century several British pathologists, [[Mikey Rochman]], [[Francis Camps]], [[Sydney Smith (forensic expert)|Sydney Smith]] and [[Keith Simpson (professor)|Keith Simpson]] pioneered new forensic science methods. [[Alec Jeffreys]] pioneered the use of [[DNA profiling]] in forensic science in 1984. He realized the scope of DNA fingerprinting, which uses variations in the [[genetic code]] to identify individuals. The method has since become important in forensic science to assist police detective work, and it has also proved useful in resolving paternity and immigration disputes.<ref name="welcome 2004">{{cite web|url=http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_wtd020877.html |title=Discovering DNA fingerprinting: Sir Alec Jeffreys describes its development |publisher=[[Wellcome Trust]] |date=4 February 2004 |first=Giles |last=Newton |access-date=23 December 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100305135415/http://genome.wellcome.ac.uk/doc_wtd020877.html |archive-date=5 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> DNA fingerprinting was first used as a police forensic test to identify the rapist and killer of two teenagers, Lynda Mann and Dawn Ashworth, who were both murdered in [[Narborough, Leicestershire]], in 1983 and 1986 respectively. [[Colin Pitchfork]] was identified and convicted of murder after samples taken from him matched [[semen]] samples taken from the two dead girls.

Forensic science has been fostered by a number of national and international forensic science learned bodies including the [[American Academy of Forensic Sciences]] (founded 1948), publishers of the ''[[Journal of Forensic Sciences]]'';<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.aafs.org/journal-forensic-sciences|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101123140138/http://www.aafs.org/journal-forensic-sciences|url-status=dead|title=Journal of Forensic Sciences &#124; American Academy of Forensic Sciences|archivedate=23 November 2010|website=www.aafs.org}}</ref> the [[Canadian Society of Forensic Science]] (founded 1953), publishers of the ''[[Journal of the Canadian Society of Forensic Science]]''; [[the Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.csofs.org/|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160609094436/http://www.csofs.org/|url-status=dead|title=Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences &#124; Recognised Professional Body|archivedate=9 June 2016|website=The Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences}}</ref> (founded 1959), then known as the Forensic Science Society, publisher of ''[[Science & Justice]]'';<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.csofs.org/publications |title=Chartered Society of Forensic Sciences Publications |access-date=2016-06-03 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160615161534/http://www.csofs.org/Publications |archive-date=15 June 2016 }}</ref> the British Academy of Forensic Sciences<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bafs.org.uk/cgi-bin/dispatch.cgi/|title=The British Academy of Forensic Sciences|access-date=26 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627092734/http://www.bafs.org.uk/cgi-bin/dispatch.cgi/|archive-date=27 June 2015}}</ref> (founded 1960), publishers of ''[[Medicine, Science and the Law]]'';<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bafs.org.uk/cgi-bin/dispatch.cgi/journal|title=Medicine, Science and the Law|access-date=26 June 2015|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150627111139/http://www.bafs.org.uk/cgi-bin/dispatch.cgi/journal|archive-date=27 June 2015}}</ref> the [[Australian Academy of Forensic Sciences]] (founded 1967), publishers of the ''Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences''; and the [[European Network of Forensic Science Institutes]] (founded 1995).