Editing Foreign relations of Russia (section)

=== Europe ===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
|-
! style="width:15%;"| Country
! style="width:11%;"| Formal relations began
! style="width:74%;"| Notes
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|European Union}}
|
|{{Main|Russia–European Union relations}}
* The European Union is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Albania}}||7 April 1924||See [[Albania–Russia relations]]
* Albania has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* Russia has an embassy in [[Tirana]].
* [[Albania–Soviet Union relations]] (7 April 1924 with [[Soviet Union]])
* Albania is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Austria}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Austria–Russia relations]]
*See [[Embassy of Austria in Moscow]]
*See [[Embassy of Russia in Vienna]]
*See [[Russians in Austria]]
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belarus}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Belarus–Russia relations]] or [[Foreign relations of Russia towards Belarus]]
The introduction of [[free trade]] between Russia and Belarus in mid-1995 led to a spectacular growth in bilateral trade, which was only temporarily reversed in the wake of the [[History of post-Soviet Russia#The crises of 1998|financial crisis of 1998]]. President [[Alexander Lukashenko]] sought to develop a closer relationship with Russia. The framework for the Union of Russia and Belarus was set out in the Treaty On the Formation of a Community of Russia and Belarus (1996), the Treaty on Russia-Belarus Union, the Union Charter (1997), and the Treaty of the Formation of a Union State (1999). The integration treaties contained commitments to [[monetary union]], [[civil rights|equal rights]], single citizenship, and a common defence and [[foreign policy]].
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Belgium}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Belgium–Russia relations]]

Russia has an embassy in [[Brussels]] and a consulate-general in [[Antwerp]], whilst Belgium has an [[Embassy of Belgium in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and an honorary consulate in [[Saint Petersburg]].
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|{{flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}||<!--Date Started-->||See [[Bosnia and Herzegovina–Russia relations]]
* Bosnia and Herzegovina has an embassy in [[Moscow]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rf-bih.ru/hr/|title=Veleposlanstvo Bosne i Hercegovine u Ruskoj Federaciji|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=17 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190217023805/https://rf-bih.ru/hr/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Sarajevo]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://bih.mid.ru/en/|title=Embassy of the Russian Federation in Bosnia and Herzegovina}}</ref>
Bosnia is one of the countries where Russia has contributed troops for the NATO-led stabilization force.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=42279|title=Defense.gov News Article: Russian Troops Arriving in Bosnia|website=Defense.gov|access-date=20 February 2015}}</ref> Others were sent to Kosovo and Serbia.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Bulgaria}}|| <!-- date relations started--> 1879-07-07
|see [[Bulgaria–Russia relations]]
* Bulgaria has an [[Embassy of Bulgaria in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and 3 consulates general (in [[Saint Petersburg]], [[Novosibirsk]] and [[Yekaterinburg]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.mfa.bg/moscow/|title=Bulgarian embassy in Moscow (in Bulgarian and Russian)|access-date=7 March 2018|archive-date=14 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090614060950/http://www.mfa.bg/moscow/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Sofia]] and 2 consulates general (in [[Ruse, Bulgaria|Ruse]] and [[Varna, Bulgaria|Varna]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.russia.bg/index.php?lang=en |title=Russian embassy in Sofia |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090316035702/http://www.russia.bg/index.php?lang=en |archive-date=16 March 2009 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia was the first country to recognize Bulgaria, and greatly helped Bulgaria in its war of independence from Ottoman Turkey.
|- valign="top"
|{{flag|Croatia}}||1992-05-25
|See [[Croatia–Russia relations]]
* Croatia has an [[Embassy of Croatia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and an honorary consulate in [[Kaliningrad]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://ru.mfa.hr/?mv=1630&mh=284|title=Rusija - MVEP • Hrvatski|website=ru.mfa.hr|language=hr, ru|access-date=7 March 2018|archive-date=28 May 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090528022337/http://ru.mfa.hr/?mv=1630&mh=284|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Zagreb]].<ref>{{in lang|ru|hr}} [http://www.croatia.mid.ru/ Embassy of The Russian Federation in Zagreb] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090412090136/http://www.croatia.mid.ru/ |date=12 April 2009}}</ref>
* Croatia is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
*[https://archive.today/20130107185002/http://www.mvpei.hr/CustomPages/Static/HRV//templates/_frt_bilateralni_odnosi_po_drzavama_en.asp?id=156 Croatian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Russia]
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|{{flag|Czech Republic}}||<!--Start date-->||See [[Czech Republic–Russia relations]]
* Czech republic is on an 'unfriendly states list'.
* Russia also has further reduced its oil deliveries to the Czech Republic.
* The Czech Republic has an embassy in Moscow, and two consulate generals (in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Yekaterinburg]]).
* The Russian Federation has an [[Embassy of Russia in Prague|embassy in Prague]], and two consulate generals in ([[Brno]] and [[Karlovy Vary]]).
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|{{flag|Denmark}}||{{dts|format=dmy|1493|11|8}}||See [[Denmark–Russia relations]]
*Russia has an embassy in Copenhagen.<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.denmark.mid.ru/1d.html|title= Russian embassy in Copenhagen, Denmark|author= Government of Russia|access-date= 22 February 2011|archive-url= https://archive.today/20120802034801/http://www.denmark.mid.ru/1d.html|archive-date= 2 August 2012|url-status= dead|df= dmy-all}}</ref>
*Denmark has an embassy in [[Moscow]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://rusland.um.dk/|title=Denmark in Russia|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Denmark|access-date=16 December 2020|archive-date=19 December 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219152417/https://rusland.um.dk/|url-status=dead}}</ref> -  a consulate-general in [[Saint Petersburg]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Danish consulate general in Saint Petersburg, Russia|url=http://www.gksktpetersborg.um.dk/da|access-date=20 October 2011|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026052002/http://www.gksktpetersborg.um.dk/da|archive-date=26 October 2011}}</ref>
* Denmark is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Estonia}}||<!--Data started-->{{dts|format=dmy|1920-02-02}}||See [[Estonia–Russia relations]] and [[Chechen–Estonia relations]]
Russia recognised Estonia via the [[Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Estonian)|Tartu Peace Treaty]] on 2 February 1920. Russian-Estonian relations were re-established in January 1991, when presidents [[Boris Yeltsin]] of [[RSFSR]] and [[Arnold Rüütel]] of the Republic of Estonia met in Tallinn and signed a treaty governing the relations of the two countries after the anticipated independence of Estonia from the Soviet Union.<ref>Kristina Kallas, ''[http://www.ut.ee/ABVKeskus/eesti/eesti-vene.doc Eesti Vabariigi ja Vene Föderatsiooni riikidevahelised läbirääkimised aastatel 1990–1994] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090225225805/http://www.ut.ee/ABVKeskus/eesti/eesti-vene.doc |date=25 February 2009}}'' - Tartu 2000</ref><ref>[[Eesti Ekspress]]: ''[http://www.ekspress.ee/viewdoc/41763F52B461B81DC22572C800232248 Ta astus sajandist pikema sammu - Boriss Jeltsin 1931-2007] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927002407/http://www.ekspress.ee/viewdoc/41763F52B461B81DC22572C800232248 |date=27 September 2007}}'', 25 April 2007</ref> The treaty guaranteed the right to freely choose their citizenship for all residents of the former [[Estonian SSR]].

Russia re-recognised the Republic of Estonia on 24 August 1991 after the failed [[Soviet coup attempt]], as one of the first countries to do so. The Soviet Union recognised the independence of Estonia on 6 September. Estonia's ties with Boris Yeltsin weakened since the Russian leader's initial show of solidarity with the Baltic states in January 1991. Issues surrounding the withdrawal of Russian troops from the Baltic republics and Estonia's denial of automatic citizenship to persons who settled in Estonia in 1941-1991 and offspring<ref>Citizenship Act of Estonia (§ 5. Acquisition of Estonian citizenship by birth): {{cite web |url=http://www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=11&lid=2296&less=false |title=Citizenship Act of Estonia (1995, consolidated March 2004) - Legislationline - free online legislation database |access-date=13 July 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927182603/http://www.legislationline.org/legislation.php?tid=11&lid=2296&less=false |archive-date=27 September 2007}}</ref> ranked high on the list of points of contention.
* The Estonian parliament in October 2022 voted in favour of officially recognising Russia as a terrorist state.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.politico.eu/article/as-the-third-country-to-estonia-declares-russia-a-terrorist-state/ | title=Estonian parliament declares Russia a terrorist state | date=18 October 2022}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Finland}}||
|{{Main|Finland–Russia relations}}
Relations with [[Russia]] are peaceful and friendly. Finland imports a lot of goods and basic necessities, such as fuel, and the two nations are agreeing on issues more than disagreeing on them. Russia has an embassy in [[Helsinki]], a consulate-general in [[Turku]] and consulates in [[Lappeenranta]] and [[Mariehamn]].

Finland has an embassy in Moscow and a consulate-general in [[Saint Petersburg]].

Finland was a part of the [[Russian Empire]] for 108 years, after being annexed from the Swedish empire. Discontent with Russian rule, Finnish national identity, and World War I eventually caused Finland to break away from Russia, taking advantage of the fact that Russia was withdrawing from World War I and a revolution was starting in earnest. Following the [[Finnish Civil War]] and [[October revolution]], Russians were virtually equated with Communists and due to official hostility to [[Communism]], Finno-Soviet relations in the period between the world wars remained tense. Voluntary activists arranged expeditions to [[Karelia]] (''[[heimosodat]]''), which ended when Finland and the Soviet Union signed the [[Treaty of Tartu (Russian–Finnish)|Treaty of Tartu]] in 1920. However, the Soviet Union did not abide by the treaty when they blockaded Finnish naval ships.  Finland was attacked by the USSR in 1939.  Finland fought the [[Winter War]] and the [[Continuation War]] against the Soviet Union in World War II.  During these wars the Finns suffered 90,000 casualties and inflicted severe casualties on the Russians (120,000 dead in the Winter War and 200,000 in the Continuation War).

Contemporary issues include problems with border controls causing persistent truck queues at the border, airspace violations, pollution of the [[Baltic Sea]], and Russian duties on exported wood to Finland's pulp and paper industry. Russia also considered large swathes of land near the Finnish border as special security area where foreign land ownership is forbidden. A similarly extensive restriction does not apply to Russian citizens. The [[Finnish Defence Forces]] and [[Finnish Security Intelligence Service]] have suspected that Russians have made targeted land purchases near military and other sensitive installations for intelligence or special operations purposes.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/uutiset/a/2015031119338528|title=Katso kartta: venäläisten maakauppoja strategisissa kohteissa|website=Iltalehti.fi|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.iltalehti.fi/uutiset/a/2016103122546706|title=Supo epäilee: Venäjä ostanut Suomesta kiinteistöjä sotilailleen|website=Iltalehti.fi|access-date=24 December 2017}}</ref> Right-wing commentators accuse the government of continuing the policy of [[Finlandisation]].

Recently, Finland-Russia relations have been under pressure with [[annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]], which Finland considers illegal. Together with the rest of the European Union, Finland enforces sanctions against Russia that followed. Still, economic relations have not entirely deteriorated: 11.2% of imports to Finland are from Russia, and 5.7% of exports from Finland are to Russia, and cooperation between Finnish and Russian authorities continues.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=18156&contentlan=1&culture=fi-FI |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081125023048/http://formin.finland.fi/public/default.aspx?nodeid=18156&contentlan=1&culture=fi-FI |url-status=dead |archive-date=25 November 2008 |title=Ulkoasiainministeriö: Maat ja alueet: Kahdenväliset suhteet |access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>
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|{{flag|France}}||<!--Date started-->||''See [[France–Russia relations]]''
[[File:Vladimir Putin and Emmanuel Macron (2018-05-24) 07.jpg|thumb|Russian President [[Vladimir Putin]] meets with French President [[Emmanuel Macron]] in Saint Petersburg, 25 May 2018]]
Right after the breakup of the USSR, bilateral relations between France and Russia were initially warm. On 7 February 1992, France signed a bilateral treaty, recognizing Russia as a successor of the USSR. As described on the [[Minister of Foreign Affairs (France)|French Ministry of Foreign Affairs]], the bilateral relations between France and Russia remain longstanding, and remain strong to this day.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/russia_399/france-and-russia_3057/index.html |title=French Ministry of foreign affairs – France and Russia |publisher=Diplomatie.gouv.fr |access-date=10 June 2011 |archive-date=4 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110604063045/http://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/country-files_156/russia_399/france-and-russia_3057/index.html |url-status=dead}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Germany}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Germany–Russia relations]]
Germany tries to keep Russia engaged with the rest of the Western world. The future aim is to promote a stable market-economy liberal democracy in Russia, which is part of the Western world.
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|{{flag|Greece}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Greece–Russia relations]]
* Greece is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Holy See}}||<!--Start date-->2009||See [[Holy See–Russia relations]].
Russia has an embassy in Rome accredited to the Holy See.
Holy See–Russia relations are largely linked to ecumenical relations with the [[Russian Orthodox Church]].
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|{{flag|Hungary}}||<!--Start date-->||See [[Hungary–Russia relations]]
* Hungary has an [[Embassy of Hungary in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and two consulate-generals (in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Yekaterinburg]]).
* Russia has an embassy in Budapest and a consulate-general in [[Debrecen]].
* Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].
* Both countries legalized homosexuality while opposing same-sex marriages, and outlawed LGBT propaganda towards minors since 2013 (Russia) and 2021 (Hungary) respectively.
* Hungary is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Iceland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Iceland–Russia relations]]

* Iceland has an embassy in Moscow.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/ru/english/|title=English > Russia > The Icelandic Foreign Services|access-date=20 February 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150329234411/http://www.iceland.is/iceland-abroad/ru/english/|archive-date=29 March 2015|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in [[Reykjavík]].<ref>[http://www.iceland.mid.ru/index_e.html Embassy of the Russian Federation to the Republic of Iceland] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103063400/http://www.iceland.mid.ru/index_e.html |date=3 November 2014}} (in English)</ref>
* Both countries have close ties in financing, which has strengthened the relations between the two.<ref>{{cite news |title=Iceland seeks Russian comfort |url=http://www.mnweekly.ru/columnists/20081010/55350499.html |quote=Russia received a similar official request late on Tuesday and the country's Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin was quoted by Interfax as saying: "We will consider it. Iceland has a reputation for strict budget discipline and has a high credit rating. We're looking favorably at the request." Negotiations on the loan are supposed to start on October 14. |work=[[The Moscow News]] |access-date=26 June 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090531021947/http://www.mnweekly.ru/columnists/20081010/55350499.html |archive-date=31 May 2009}}</ref> Iceland also called Russia as its "new friend" after having been turned down by its traditional allies for an emergency loan to boost the balance sheet of its second largest commercial bank.<ref>{{cite news |first= Rowena|last= Mason|title=Iceland nationalises bank and seeks Russian loan |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/3154116/Financial-crisis-Iceland-nationalises-bank-and-seeks-Russian-loan.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/banksandfinance/3154116/Financial-crisis-Iceland-nationalises-bank-and-seeks-Russian-loan.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |quote=Prime Minister Geir Haarde rushed emergency measures through the Nordic nation's parliament to nationalise Landsbanki and give the country's largest bank, Kaupthing, a £400m loan to bolster its balance sheet. |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |date= 7 October 2008|access-date=26 June 2009 | location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
* Iceland is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Ireland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Ireland–Russia relations]]
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|{{flag|Italy}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Italy–Russia relations]]

Russia has an embassy in [[Rome]] and [[consulate]]s in [[Genoa]], [[Milan]] and [[Palermo]], and Italy has an [[Embassy of Italy in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]], a [[consulate]] in [[Saint Petersburg]], two consulte generals (in [[Ekaterinburg]] and [[Kaliningrad]]), and two embassy branches in ([[Samara, Russia|Samara]] and [[Volgograd]]). Both countries are full members of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe]].

Russia enjoys close relations with Italy. In 2006, Russia and Italy have signed a protocol of cooperation for fighting crime and defending civil liberties. There are close commercial ties between the two countries. Italy is Russia's second important commercial partner in the EU, after Germany. and its state-owned energy company, [[Eni|ENI]], has recently signed a very important long-term contract with [[Gazprom]], to import Russian gas into Italy.

The relationship between Russia and Italy goes back a long way. Already in the 1960s, Italy's FIAT built a car-assembling plant in the Soviet city of [[Tolyatti]] (a city named after the Italian Communist Party's secretary [[Palmiro Togliatti]]). Russians have always visited Italy in great numbers. Many Russian students come to Italy each year to study arts and music.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} Unlike many other Western European countries, Italy has traditionally always maintained good relationships with Russia, even during the Soviet era.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} In particular, the [[Silvio Berlusconi]] Government (2001–2006) strengthened Italy's ties with Russia, due to his personal friendship with President [[Vladimir Putin]]. Cooperation extends also to the aviation sector, between Italy's Alenia and Russia's Sukhoi, who are jointly developing a new aircraft. Finally, for a long time Italy had the largest communist party in the Western world, with over 2 million members.
.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2006/01/20/71472.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929102807/http://newsfromrussia.com/world/2006/01/20/71472.html|url-status=dead|title=Italy, Russia sign 'protocol of cooperation' - Pravda.Ru<!-- Bot generated title -->|archive-date=29 September 2007}}</ref>
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|{{flag|Latvia}}||<!--Date began-->1920-10-04 and again 1991-10-04||See [[Latvia–Russia relations]]
* Until 1917, Latvia had been part of the Russian empire. Following the Latvian declaration of independence, [[Latvian War of Independence|war]] broke out between Latvia and the [[Russian SFSR]].
* Diplomatic relations between the two countries were first established in 1920, following the conclusion of a Soviet-Latvian peace treaty on 11 August 1920.<ref>Text in ''League of Nations Treaty Series'', vol. 2, pp. 196-231</ref> The treaty was ratified by the Latvian Constituent Assembly on 2 September, and by the Latvian government on 25 September. On the Russian side, it was ratified by the Pan Russian Central Executive Committee on 9 September. Ratification letters were exchanged between the two governments in Moscow on 4 October, the date on which in entered into effect. These relations lasted until the Soviet take over of Latvia in 1940.
* Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Russian government recognized the independence of Latvia on 24 August 1991.
* Russia expresses concern for how Latvia's language and naturalization laws effect Latvia's Russian-speaking population. Russians comprised 27.6% of the population in 2010. In turn, Latvia is interested in the welfare of ethnic Latvians still residing in Russia. The latest Russian census shows about 40,000 still living in Russia, but sources indicate that given the probability of an undercount, Latvians in Russia probably number about 50,000-60,000.
|-
|{{flag|Liechtenstein }}
|{{dts|30 January 1994}}<ref name=":33">{{Cite web |date=28 February 2022 |title=Prince Alois of Liechtenstein comments on the Russian invasion of Ukraine |url=https://royalcentral.co.uk/europe/prince-alois-of-liechtenstein-comments-on-the-russian-invasion-of-ukraine-173231/ |access-date=10 September 2022}}</ref>
|See [[Liechtenstein–Russia relations]]
* Liechtenstein is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Lithuania}}||<!--Date started-->12 July 1920 and again 27 July 1991||See [[Lithuania-Russia relations]]
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|{{flag|Netherlands}}||  ||See [[Netherlands-Russia relations]] 
* the Netherlands has an embassy in Moscow and consulate-general in Saint Petersburg.
* Russia has an embassy in [[The Hague]]. 
* the Netherlands is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]].
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|{{flag|Norway}}||<!--Date started-->30 October 1905||See [[Norway–Russia relations]]
* The two countries established formal relations in 1905-10-30<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.norvegia.ru/norsk/russland/fakta/bilaterale.htm |title=Norwegian embassy in Moscow |access-date=7 March 2018 |archive-date=5 May 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505132429/http://www.norvegia.ru/norsk/russland/fakta/bilaterale.htm |url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Norway has an [[Embassy of Norway in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and a consulate-general in [[Saint Petersburg]] and a consulate in [[Murmansk]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norvegia.ru/|title=Norway – the official site in Russia|access-date=20 February 2015|archive-date=2 February 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170202044949/http://www.norvegia.ru/|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Russia has an embassy in Oslo and consulates-general in [[Barentsburg]] and [[Kirkenes]].<ref>[http://www.norway.mid.ru/en/ Embassy of Russia in Oslo (in English, Norwegian and Russian)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611022740/http://www.norway.mid.ru/en/ |date=11 June 2011}}</ref>
*''See also'': [[Kola Norwegians]]
* Norway is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Poland}}||<!--Date started-->||See [[Poland–Russia relations]]
In recent years, relations with Russia have worsened considerably. Poland responded with strong disapproval towards the [[2008 Georgian Crisis]], in which a military invasion of Georgia was led by Russia. Georgia is a former USSR republic, Poland was a member of the Eastern Bloc, and Poland stated its support for Georgia and condemned Russia's actions. The Polish believed the invasion was carried out by the Russians in an attempt to reestablish and reassert its dominance over its former republics.
Since 2009, however, relations with Russia somewhat improved – despite the [[2010 Polish Air Force Tu-154 crash|plane accident]] where the former Polish president died on what is still considered a controversial event. After the [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation]] the relations deteriorated again, as Poland strongly condemned Russian actions against [[Ukraine]].
* Poland has an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in Irkutsk, Kaliningrad and Saint Petersburg.
* Russia has an embassy in [[Warsaw]] and consulates-general in [[Gdańsk]], [[Kraków]] and [[Poznań]]. 
* Poland is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]].
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|{{flag|Portugal}}||<!--Date started-->1779||See [[Portugal–Russia relations]]
*The countries are the easternmost and westernmost in Europe, and they both have very good relations with each other.
* Portugal has an embassy in Moscow.
* Russia has an embassy in [[Lisbon]].
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|{{flag|Romania}}||<!--Start date-->1878-10-12||See [[Romania–Russia relations]]
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|{{flag|Serbia}} ||1838/1940||See [[Russia–Serbia relations]]
* Serbia has an [[Embassy of Serbia in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]]
* Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia in Belgrade|embassy in Belgrade]] and a liaison office to [[UNMIK]] in [[Pristina]].
Diplomatic relations between the [[Kingdom of Yugoslavia]] and the [[Soviet Union]] were established on 24 June 1940, and Serbia and the Russian Federation recognize the continuity of all inter-State documents signed between the two countries. There are about 70 bilateral treaties, agreements and protocols signed in the past. Serbia and the Russian Federation have signed and ratified 43 bilateral agreements and treaties in diverse areas of mutual cooperation so far.<ref>[http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Russia/basic_e.html Bilateral Political Relations with Russia] {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120805104417/http://www.mfa.gov.rs/Policy/Bilaterala/Russia/basic_e.html |date=5 August 2012}}, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Serbia</ref>
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|{{flag|Slovakia}}||<!--Date started-->1993-01-01||See [[Russia–Slovakia relations]]

* Russia opened its embassy in [[Bratislava]] in 1993.
* Slovakia has an embassy in [[Moscow]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180308103617/http://www.rusemb.sk/]
* Slovakia is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Slovenia}}||<!-- Start date -->1992-05-25||See [[Russia–Slovenia relations]]

* Russia has an embassy in [[Ljubljana]].<ref>[http://ljubljana.rusembassy.org/ Russian embassy in Ljubljana] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091129074816/http://ljubljana.rusembassy.org/ |date=29 November 2009}}</ref>
* Slovenia has an embassy in [[Moscow]] and two honorary consulates (in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Samara, Russia|Samara]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.moscow.embassy.si/en|title=Veleposlaništvo RS Moskva|website=www.moscow.embassy.si|date=20 May 2022}}</ref>
* Slovenia is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Spain}}||<!--start date -->||See [[Russia–Spain relations]]

* Russia has an embassy in [[Madrid]] and a consulate-general in [[Barcelona]].
* Spain has an embassy in Moscow and a consulate-general in Saint Petersburg. 
* Spain is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]].
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|{{flag|Sweden}}||<!--start date -->||See [[Russia–Sweden relations]].

Both countries had a history of war, and reastablishing diplomatic missions. Russia has an embassy in [[Stockholm]] and a consulate in [[Gothenburg]], and Sweden has an [[Embassy of Sweden in Moscow|embassy in Moscow]] and consulates in [[Saint Petersburg]] and [[Kaliningrad]].
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|{{flag|Switzerland}}||<!--Date started-->1816||See [[Russia–Switzerland relations]]
Switzerland opened a consulate in [[Saint Petersburg]] in 1816, upgrading it to a legation 90 years later. The two countries broke off diplomatic relations in 1923, when Russia was going through a period of revolutionary turmoil – and they were not resumed until 1946. Russia has an embassy in [[Bern]] and a Consulate-General in [[Geneva]]. Switzerland has an embassy in Moscow and since 2006, a Consulate-General in [[Saint Petersburg]].
* Switzerland is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|Ukraine}}||'''Diplomatic relations severed in February 2022'''<!--Date started-->||See [[Russia–Ukraine relations]]

* Russia had an embassy in [[Kyiv]] and consulates-general in [[Kharkiv]], [[Lviv]] and [[Odesa]].
* Ukraine had an embassy in Moscow and consulates-general in [[Rostov-on-Don]], Saint Petersburg, Tyumen and Vladivostok.
* Starting in November 2013, the decision by Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych to back out of signing an integration agreement with the [[European Union]] started a period of civil unrest between [[Euromaidan|Ukrainians who favored integration with the European Union]] and [[Anti-Maidan|those who wanted closer ties with Russia]]. This culminated in the [[2014 Ukrainian Revolution]].
* Russia took advantage of this political instability to [[Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation|annex Crimea]] in March 2014, though [[Political status of Crimea|Ukraine still claims sovereignty over the territory]]. Russia has also supported separatist forces in the [[War in Donbas (2014–2022)|war in Donbas]].
* In December 2015, Russian hackers reportedly [[2015 Ukraine power grid hack|hacked Ukraine's power grids]] leading to a blackout.
* On 24 February 2022, [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine]], which prompted Ukraine to break diplomatic ties with its northeastern neighbor.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Ukraine breaks off diplomatic ties with Russia|url=https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/ukraine-breaks-off-diplomatic-ties-with-russia/|access-date=2022-02-24|website=The Times of Israel|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Kitsoft|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine - Statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Regarding the Severance of Diplomatic Relations with the Russian Federation|url=https://mfa.gov.ua/en/news/statement-ministry-foreign-affairs-ukraine-regarding-severance-diplomatic-relations-russian-federation|access-date=2022-02-24|website=mfa.gov.ua|language=en}}</ref>
* Ukraine is on Russia's [[Unfriendly countries list|list of unfriendly countries]]
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|{{flag|United Kingdom}}|| 20 April 1566 ||See [[Russia–United Kingdom relations]]
Russia established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 20 April 1566.<ref name="britain">{{Cite book |last=Bell |first=Gary M. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9D86YgEACAAJ |title=A Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives: 1509-1688 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |year=1995 |isbn=0521283221 |pages=194, 221, 275 and 283}}</ref> 
*Russia maintains an [[Embassy of Russia, London|embassy]] in [[London]].
* The United Kingdom is accredited to Russia through its [[Embassy of the United Kingdom, Moscow|embassy]] in Moscow, and a consulate in Yekaterinburg.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-moscow|title=British Embassy Moscow|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=20 May 2024|archive-date=11 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240511143407/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-moscow|url-status=live}}</ref>

In March 2022, the United Kingdom was added to Russia's [[unfriendly countries list]].<ref>{{Cite web|author=Al Jazeera|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/8/russia-deals-with-unfriendly-countries-require-moscow-approval|date=8 March 2022|title=Russia issues list of 'unfriendly' countries amid Ukraine crisis|website=[[Al Jazeera]]|access-date=20 May 2024|archive-date=8 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220308075007/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/8/russia-deals-with-unfriendly-countries-require-moscow-approval|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries share common membership of the [[G20]], and the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]]. Bilaterally the two countries have an Investment Agreement.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2861/russian-federation---united-kingdom-bit-1989-|title=Russian Federation - United Kingdom BIT (1989)|website=[[UN Trade and Development]]|access-date=2 December 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240227032932/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2861/russian-federation---united-kingdom-bit-1989-|archive-date=27 February 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
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