Editing Foreign relations of Kazakhstan (section)

===Europe===
==== European Free Trade Association ====
Delegations from the [[European Free Trade Association|EFTA]] States, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland met with Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan for a first round of negotiations on a broad-based Free Trade Agreement on January 11–13, 2011 in Geneva.

The launching of EFTA-Russia/Belarus/Kazakhstan free trade negotiations had been announced in November 2010 by Ministers from the seven participating States, following a preparatory process including a Joint Feasibility Study.

The 11th round of free trade negotiations was conducted from January 27 to 30, 2014 in Astana, Kazakhstan. A 12th round of negotiations scheduled for April 2014 has been postponed. No new dates have been set yet.

====European Union====
{{See also|Kazakhstan–European Union relations}}
The Partnership and Cooperation Agreement (PCA) with Kazakhstan has been the legal framework for [[European Union]]-Kazakhstan bilateral relations since it entered into force in 1999. In November 2006 a Memorandum of Understanding on cooperation in the field of energy between the EU and Kazakhstan has been signed establishing the basis for enhanced cooperation.

The future European Commission assistance will focus on the following priority areas: promotion of the ongoing reform process at political, economic, judiciary and social level, infrastructure building, and cooperation in the energy sector.

The overall EU co-operation objectives, policy responses and priority fields for Central Asia can be found in the EC Regional Strategy Paper for Central Asia 2007–2013. In addition to the assistance under the Development Cooperation Instrument (DCI), Kazakhstan participates in several ongoing regional programs.

On January 20, 2015 Kazakhstan and the EU initialed the EU-Kazakhstan Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref name=EPCA>{{cite web|title=Press release: EU and Kazakhstan initial Enhanced Partnership and Cooperation Agreement|url=http://eeas.europa.eu/statements-eeas/2015/150120_01_en.htm|website=eeas.europa.eu/}}</ref> This agreement will greatly facilitate stronger political and economic relations between Kazakhstan and the EU.<ref name=EPCA /> It will increase the flow of trade, services and investment between the parties and will contribute to Kazakhstan's political and social development.<ref name=EPCA />

Bilateral relations received a post-pandemic refocus with the EU visit by Kazakhstan's president in November 2021.<ref name="eu-1st-visit">{{cite web |title=EU-Kazakhstan cooperation in the spotlight as President Tokayev visits Brussels |url=https://www.european-views.com/2021/11/eu-kazakhstan-cooperation-in-the-spotlight-as-president-tokayev-visits-brussels/}}</ref> The visit was the first to Europe by Tokayev since becoming president in 2019.<ref name="eu-1st-visit" />

====European countries====
{| class="wikitable sortable" border="1" style="width:100%; margin:auto;"
!width="15%"| Country
!width="12%"| Formal Relations Began
!Notes
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|{{flagu|Albania}}<!-- start date -->||
|
* Albania is represented in Kazakhstan through its embassy in Moscow, (Russia).
* Kazakhstan is represented in Albania through its embassy in Ankara, (Turkey).
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|{{flagu|Austria}}<!-- start date -->||
|See [[Austria–Kazakhstan relations]]
* Austria has an embassy in Astana.
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Vienna]]. 
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|{{flagu|Belgium}}<!-- start date -->||
|
* Belgium has an embassy in Astana.
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Brussels]].
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|{{flagu|Bulgaria }}||<!-- start date -->1992-07-05|| 
* Since 1994, Bulgaria has had an embassy in Astana.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.mfa.bg/almaty/index.php?lang=en| title = Bulgarian embassy in Astana}}</ref>
* Since November 2004, Kazakhstan has had an embassy and an honorary consulate in [[Sofia]].
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|{{flagu|Croatia}}||<!-- start date -->||See [[Foreign relations of Croatia|Croatia–Kazakhstan relations]]
* Relations between two countries are very close. Kazakh President Nursultan Nazarbayev made a state visits to Croatia in 2001,2006 and is expected to visit Croatia in summer of 2015.Croatian President [[Stjepan Mesić]] visited Kazakhstan several times. Croatian Foreign Minister [[Vesna Pusić]] visited Kazakhstan in 2014, while Prime Minister [[Zoran Milanović]] visited that country on May 27, 2015.
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|{{flagu|Denmark}}||<!-- start date -->1992-05-06||See [[Denmark–Kazakhstan relations]] 
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|{{flagu|Finland}}<!-- start date -->||
|See [[Finland–Kazakhstan relations]]
* Finland has an embassy in Astana.
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Helsinki]].
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|{{flagu|France}}||<!-- start date -->25 January 1992
|See [[France–Kazakhstan relations]] 
* France has an embassy in Astana.
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Paris]].
* Kazakhstan and France formed bilateral relation in 1993 under President [[François Mitterrand|Mitterrand]].
* President Nazarbayev has visited the country ten times since its independence.
* President [[Nicolas Sarkozy]] visited Kazakhstan in 2009.
* The Franco-Kazakh relationship has become stronger from #Kazakhstan hosting the [[Expo 2017|2017 World Expo]].
* Kazakhstan and France implemented 11 technology projects focusing on aerospace.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bnews.kz/en/news/post/186885/|title=Kazakhstan & France implemented 11 new joint technologic projects|work=bnews.kz|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220235908/http://bnews.kz/en/news/post/186885/|archive-date=February 20, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* President [[François Hollande]] visited Kazakhstan in December 2014.<ref>{{cite news|title=Hollande in uranium-rich Kazakhstan to discuss contracts, relations with Russia|url=http://www.english.rfi.fr/asia-pacific/20141205-hollande-uranium-rich-kazakhstan-discuss-contracts-relations-russia|access-date=January 26, 2015|publisher=[[Radio France Internationale]]|date=December 5, 2014}}</ref> 
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|{{flagu|Germany}}<!-- start date -->||
|See [[Germany–Kazakhstan relations]]
* Germany has an embassy in Astana.
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Berlin]].
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|{{flagu|Greece}}||<!-- start date -->1 October 1992||See [[Greece–Kazakhstan relations]] 
* Greece has an embassy in Astana.
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Athens]].
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|{{flagu|Hungary}}||<!-- start date --> 1992-03-23
|
* Hungary opened an embassy in Astana in March 1992.
* Kazakhstan opened an embassy in [[Budapest]] in September 1993.
* Foreign Minister [[Erlan Idrisov]] made his first state visit to Hungary on November 20, 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bnews.kz/en/news/post/172155/|title=Kazakhstan FM paid an official visit to Hungary|work=bnews.kz|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221000656/http://bnews.kz/en/news/post/172155/|archive-date=February 21, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* Hungarian Foreign Minister [[Viktor Orbán]] has intensified the bilateral relationship with "progress of the brotherly people."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.kazinform.kz/eng/article/2606884|title=Hungarians have warm feelings towards Kazakhstan and they are "proud to follow the progress of the brotherly people" – Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban|access-date=February 20, 2015}}</ref>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150222021810/http://www.kazembassy.hu/eng/index.php?x=almenuk%2Fkazah_magy_alt%2F Kazakhstan Embassy in Hungary] 
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|{{flagu|Italy}}<!-- start date -->||
|See [[Italy–Kazakhstan relations]]
* Italy has an embassy in Astana.
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Rome]].
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|{{flagu|Latvia}}||<!-- start date --> 1992-12-30
|
* Kazakhstan recognised Latvia's independence on December 23, 1991.
* Latvia recognised the independence of Kazakhstan on January 8, 1992.
* Kazakhstan is represented in Latvia through its embassy in [[Vilnius]] (Lithuania) and through an honorary consulate in [[Riga]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://kazakhstan.embassy.lt/| title = Kazakh embassy in Vilnius (also accredited to Latvia)| access-date = 2009-05-23| archive-date = 2009-08-30| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090830182127/http://kazakhstan.embassy.lt/| url-status = dead}}</ref>
* Latvia has an embassy in Astana and an honorary consulate in Almaty.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20080621120412/http://www.am.gov.lv/en/policy/bilateral-relations/4542/Kazakhstan/  Latvian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relation with Kazakhstan]
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|{{flagu|Lithuania }}||<!-- start date -->
|
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Vilnius]].<ref>{{cite web| url = http://kazakhstan.embassy.lt/| title = Kazakh embassy in Vilnius| access-date = 2009-05-23| archive-date = 2009-08-30| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090830182127/http://kazakhstan.embassy.lt/| url-status = dead}}</ref>
* Lithuania has an embassy in Astana and an honorary consulate in Almaty.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kz.mfa.lt/|title=Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Ministry of Foreign Affairs|author=Dizaino Kryptis|access-date=February 20, 2015}}</ref>
* [http://www.urm.lt/index.php?-1518343441   Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties with Kazakhstan (in Lithuanian only)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110930134053/http://www.urm.lt/index.php?-1518343441 |date=2011-09-30 }}
* Foreign Minister [[Erlan Idrissov|Idrissov]] and Foreign Minister Linas Linkevicius signed an action plan for 2014–2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bnews.kz/en/news/post/183396/|title=Kazakhstan and Lithuania sign cooperation plan for 2014–2015|work=bnews.kz|access-date=February 20, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221002607/http://bnews.kz/en/news/post/183396/|archive-date=February 21, 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> 
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|{{flagu|Monaco}}||<!-- start date -->
|
* Kazakhstan and Monaco signed a tourism cooperation agreement on September 27, 2013<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.inform.kz/eng/article/2592923|title=Kazakhstan and Monaco step up tourism cooperation|access-date=February 20, 2015}}</ref>
* Kazakhstan and Monaco signed a trade and investment agreement worth $73&nbsp;billion in 2013<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://kazpravda.kz/eng/?p=1694 |title=Kazakhstan — Monaco: A new stage of relations |access-date=2013-11-01 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102132228/http://kazpravda.kz/eng/?p=1694 |archive-date=2013-11-02 |url-status=dead }}</ref> 
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|{{flagu|Netherlands}}<!-- start date -->||
|See [[Kazakhstan–Netherlands relations]]
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[The Hague]].
* Netherlands has an embassy in Astana.
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|{{flagu|Norway}}||<!-- start date -->
|
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Oslo]].
*President Nazarbayev visited Oslo for the first time in April 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|author=Talgat Marat |date=2021-04-26|title=Kazakhstan and Norway: Discovering Each Other Twenty Years Since Nazarbayev's First Visit to Oslo|url=https://astanatimes.com/2021/04/kazakhstan-and-norway-discovering-each-other-twenty-years-since-nazarbayevs-first-visit-to-oslo/|access-date=2021-05-19|website=The Astana Times|type=Op-ed|language=en}}</ref> 
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|{{flagu|Poland}}<!-- start date -->||
|See [[Kazakhstan–Poland relations]]
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Warsaw]].
* Poland has an embassy in Astana.
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|{{flagu|Romania }}||<!-- start date -->1992-07-15
|
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Bucharest]] and an honorary consulate in [[Cluj-Napoca]].
* Romania has an embassy in Astana.
* There are around 20,000 Romanians living in Kazakhstan.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Seisembayeva |first=Aigerim |date=2018-04-25|title=Romania, Kazakhstan interested in multiple partnerships, Romanian MP says|url=https://astanatimes.com/2018/04/romania-kazakhstan-interested-in-multiple-partnerships-romanian-mp-says-2/|access-date=2021-05-19|website=The Astana Times|language=en}}</ref>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20180626220618/http://mfa.kz/en/content-view/sotrudnichestvo-respubliki-kazakhstan-s-rumyniej  Kazakh Ministry of Foreign Affairs about the relations with Romania]
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|{{flagu|Russia }}||<!-- start date -->|| See [[Kazakhstan–Russia relations]]

Kazakhstan has an [[Embassy of Kazakhstan in Moscow]], consulate-general in Saint Petersburg, [[Astrakhan]] and [[Omsk]]. Russia has an [[Embassy of Russia in Astana|embassy in Astana]] and consulates in [[Almaty]] and [[Oral, Kazakhstan|Oral]].

Diplomatic relations between Russia and Kazakhstan have fluctuated since the fall of the [[Soviet Union]] but both nations remain particularly strong partners in regional affairs and major supporters of the [[Collective Security Treaty Organization]], the [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation]] and [[Eurasian Economic Union]].<ref>{{Cite book|title="Russia's Relations with Kazakhstan: Rethinking Ex-Soviet Transitions in the Emerging World System"|last=Zabortseva|first=Yelena Nikolayevna|publisher=Routledge|year=2016|isbn=9781315668727|location=London-New York}}</ref> Kazakhstani-Russian relations have been strained at times by Astana's military and economic cooperation with the United States as well as negotiations over Russia's continued use of the Baikonur Cosmodrome, however the two nations retain high-level military and economic cooperation perhaps second among former Soviet states only to that between Russia and Belarus.  Kazakhstan sells oil and gas to Russia at a significantly reduced rate and Russian businesses are heavily invested in Kazakhstan's economy.
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|{{flagu|Spain}}||<!-- start date -->11 February 1992||See [[Kazakhstan–Spain relations]]

* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Madrid]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.kazesp.org/ |title=Embassy of Kazakhstan in Madrid |access-date=2018-12-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180912190315/http://www.kazesp.org/ |archive-date=2018-09-12 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Spain has an embassy in Astana.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://www.exteriores.gob.es/embajadas/astana/es/Paginas/inicio.aspx| title = Embassy of Spain in Astana}}</ref> 
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|{{flagu|Sweden}}<!-- start date -->||
|
* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Stockholm]].
* Sweden has an embassy in Astana. 
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|{{flagu|Switzerland}}||<!-- start date -->||
[[Rakhat Aliyev]], the First Vice [[Foreign Minister]] of Kazakhstan met with [[Anton Tahlmann]], the Vice Foreign Minister of Switzerland, in [[Bern]], Switzerland from November 13–14, 2006. Tahlmann announced that the [[Swiss Federal Council]] is considering opening an embassy in Kazakhstan, saying, "Switzerland is interested in comprehensive development of relations with your country because of its dynamic development and the growing role in the region. In relation with this Bern regards an increase of its diplomatic presence in this country, an opening of the Swiss embassy in perspective." He confirmed his government's support for Kazakhstan's candidacy for the Chairmanship of the [[Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe]] in 2009. The two ministers also discussed trade, migration, and the environment.<ref name=SWISSOSCE>[http://eng.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=83338 Switzerland confirms support of Kazakhstan's candidacy for OSCE chairmanship] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081004122723/http://eng.gazeta.kz/art.asp?aid=83338 |date=2008-10-04 }} Gazeta. KZ</ref><ref name=SWISSRELATIONS>[http://www.trend.az/?mod=shownews&news=31790&lang=en Switzerland considers opening embassy in Kazakhstan] Gazeta. KZ</ref>
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|{{flagu|Ukraine }}||<!-- start date -->1991|| See [[Kazakhstan–Ukraine relations]]

* Kazakhstan has an embassy in [[Kyiv]] and an honorary consulate in [[Odesa]].
* Ukraine has an embassy in Astana and a consulate-general in Almaty.

Kazakhstan provided Ukraine with humanitarian aid after the beginning of military conflict in southeast Ukraine in 2014.<ref name=Ukraine>{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan delivers humanitarian aid to Ukraine |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/agencia-efe/150111/kazakhstan-delivers-humanitarian-aid-ukraine |website=globalpost.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205230451/https://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/agencia-efe/150111/kazakhstan-delivers-humanitarian-aid-ukraine |archive-date=February 5, 2015 |df=mdy }}</ref> In October 2014, Kazakhstan donated $30,000 to the International Committee of the Red Cross's humanitarian effort in Ukraine.<ref name="who11"/> In January 2015 Kazakhstan sent $400,000 worth of aid to Ukraine's southeastern regions to help ease the humanitarian crisis.<ref name="who11"/>
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|{{flagu|United Kingdom }}||<!-- start date --> 19 February 1992|| See [[Kazakhstan–United Kingdom relations]]
The UK established [[Foreign relations of the United Kingdom|diplomatic relations with the United Kingdom]] on 19 January 1992.
*Kazakhstan maintains an [[Embassy of Kazakhstan, London|embassy]] in London.<ref>{{cite web|author=Diplomat Magazine|date=12 November 2021|title=Kazakhstan|website=Diplomat Magazine|url=https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/middle-east-asia/kazakhstan/|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250322221741/https://diplomatmagazine.com/heads-of-mission/middle-east-asia/kazakhstan/|archive-date=22 March 2025|url-status=live}}</ref>
*The UK is accredited to Kazakhstan through its embassy in [[Astana]].<ref>{{cite web| url=https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-astana|title=British Embassy Astana|website=[[gov.uk|GOV.UK]]|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-date=23 January 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250123165635/https://www.gov.uk/world/organisations/british-embassy-astana|url-status=live}}</ref> 
Both countries share common membership of the [[Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE]], and the [[World Trade Organization]]. Bilaterally the two countries have a Development Partnership,<ref>{{cite web|author-link=Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office |author=((Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office)) |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|title=Country and regional development partnership summaries|website=GOV.UK|date=17 July 2023 |access-date=27 May 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240526234739/https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/country-and-regional-development-partnership-summaries|archive-date=26 May 2024|url-status=live}}</ref> a Double Taxation Convention,<ref>{{cite web|author=HM Revenue and Customs|date=6 January 2014|title=Kazakhstan: tax treaties|website=GOV.UK|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kazakhstan-tax-treaties|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250221093414/https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/kazakhstan-tax-treaties|archive-date=21 February 2025|url-status=live}}</ref> an Investment Agreement,<ref>{{cite web|title=Kazakhstan - United Kingdom BIT (1995)|website=UN Trade and Development|url=https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2217/kazakhstan---united-kingdom-bit-1995-|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210420134347/https://investmentpolicy.unctad.org/international-investment-agreements/treaties/bit/2217/kazakhstan---united-kingdom-bit-1995-|archive-date=20 April 2021|url-status=live}}</ref> and a Strategic Partnership and Cooperation Agreement.<ref>{{cite web|last=Eruygur|first=Burç|title=Kazakhstan, UK sign strategic partnership, cooperation agreement|date=24 April 2024|website=The Astana Times|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/kazakhstan-uk-sign-strategic-partnership-cooperation-agreement/3201504|access-date=25 March 2025|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240425004823/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/europe/kazakhstan-uk-sign-strategic-partnership-cooperation-agreement/3201504|archive-date=25 April 2024|url-status=live}}</ref>
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