Editing Foreign relations of India (section)

==Asia==
[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi receives a guard of honour in Kazakhstan.jpg|thumb|Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] receives a guard of honour during his visit to [[Kazakhstan]] in July 2015.]]

===Central===
{{Further|Connect Central Asia}}

;Kazakhstan
{{Main|India–Kazakhstan relations}}
India is working towards developing strong relations with this resource-rich Central Asian country. The Indian oil company, [[Oil and Natural Gas Corporation]] has got oil exploration and petroleum development grants in Kazakhstan. The two countries are collaborating in [[petrochemical]]s, information technology, and space technology. Kazakhstan has offered India five blocks for oil and gas exploration. India and Kazakhstan, are to set up joint projects in construction, minerals and metallurgy. India also signed four other pacts, including an extradition treaty, in the presence of President [[Pratibha Patil|Prathibha Patil]] and her Kazakh counterpart [[Nursultan Nazarbayev]]. Kazakhstan will provide [[Uranium]] and related products under the MoU between Nuclear Power Corp. of India and Kazatomprom. These MoU also open possibilities of joint exploration of uranium in Kazakhstan, which has the world's second-largest reserves, and India building atomic power plants in the Central Asian country.
;Kyrgyzstan
[[File:Almazbek Sharshenovich Atambayev presents a copy of the heroic epic of Kyrgyz people, ‘Manas-Semetei-Seitek’ to the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi.jpg|thumb|[[President of Kyrgyzstan|Kyrgyz President]] [[Almazbek Atambayev]] presents a copy of ''Manas-Semetei-Seitek'' to [[Prime Minister of India|Indian Prime Minister]] [[Shri Narendra Modi]] at [[Hyderabad House]], in [[New Delhi]] on December 20, 2016.]]
{{Main|India–Kyrgyzstan relations}}

;Tajikistan
{{Main|India–Tajikistan relations}}
Diplomatic relations were established between India and Tajikistan following Tajikistan's independence from the 1991 dissolution of the Soviet Union, which had been friendly with India. Tajikistan occupies a strategically important position in Central Asia, bordering Afghanistan, the People's Republic of China and separated by a small strip of Afghan territory from Pakistan. India's role in fighting the Taliban and Al-Qaeda and its strategic rivalry with both China and Pakistan have made its ties with Tajikistan important to its strategic and security policies. Despite their common efforts, bilateral trade has been comparatively low, valued at US$12.09 million in 2005; India's exports to Tajikistan were valued at US$6.2 million and its imports at US$5.89 million. India's military presence and activities have been significant, beginning with India's extensive support of the anti-Taliban [[Northern Alliance|Afghan Northern Alliance]] (ANA). India began renovating the [[Farkhor Air Base]] and stationed aircraft of the Indian Air Force there. The [[Farkhor Air Base]] became fully operational in 2006, and 12 MiG-29 bombers and trainer aircraft are planned to be stationed there.
;Turkmenistan
[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Turkmenistan.jpg|thumb|Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Turkmenistan]]{{Main|India–Turkmenistan relations}}
;Uzbekistan
{{main|India–Uzbekistan relations}}
India has an embassy in Tashkent. Uzbekistan has an embassy in New Delhi. Uzbekistan has had a great impact on Indian culture mostly due to the [[Mughal Empire]] which was founded by [[Babur]] of [[Ferghana]] (in present-day Uzbekistan) who created his empire southward first in Afghanistan and then in India.

===East===
{{See also|East and Southeast Asian relations with Northeast India}}
;China
{{Main|China–India relations}}
{{See also|India–Tibet relations|Hong Kong–India relations}}

[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru Trust Port.jpg|thumb|A Chinese container ship unloads cargo at the [[Jawaharlal Nehru Port]] in India. Bilateral trade between the two countries has surpassed US$65 billion by 2015 making China the single largest trading partner of India.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?tp=on&autono=39431 |title=Indo-China trade to surpass $60 bn before 2010 |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=6 June 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009}}</ref>|220x220px]]Despite lingering suspicions remaining from the 1962 [[Sino-Indian War]], the 1967 [[Nathu La and Cho La incidents]], and continuing boundary disputes over [[Aksai Chin]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]], Sino-Indian relations have improved gradually since 1988. Both countries have sought to reduce tensions along the frontier, expand trade and cultural ties, and normalise relations.<ref>John W.  Garver,  ''Protracted Contest: Sino-Indian Rivalry in the Twentieth Century'' (2001), post 1950</ref> A series of high-level visits between the two nations have helped improve relations. In December 1996, [[President of the People's Republic of China|PRC President]] [[Jiang Zemin]] visited India during a tour of South Asia. While in New Delhi, he signed with the Indian Prime Minister a series of confidence-building measures for the disputed borders. Sino-Indian relations suffered a brief setback in May 1998 when the Indian Defence minister justified the country's nuclear tests by citing potential threats from the PRC. However, in June 1999, during the [[Kargil War|Kargil]] crisis, then-External Affairs Minister [[Jaswant Singh]] visited Beijing and stated that India did not consider China a threat. By 2001, relations between India and the PRC were on the mend, and the two sides handled the move from [[Tibet]] to India of the 17th [[Karmapa]] in January 2000 with delicacy and tact. In 2003, India formally recognised Tibet as a part of China, and China recognised [[Sikkim]] as a formal part of India in 2004.[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi with the President of the People's Republic of China, Mr. Xi Jinping, during G20 Summit 2016, in Hangzhou, China on September 04, 2016.jpg|thumb|The Current Prime Minister of India, Narendra Modi and President of China [[Xi Jinping]], at G7 Summit, [[China]] {{small|(2016)}}|left]]Since 2004, the economic rise of both China and India has also helped forge closer relations between the two. Sino-Indian trade reached US$65.47 billion in 2013–14, making China the single largest trading partner of India.<ref>{{cite news |first=Saibal |last=Dasgupta |date=17 January 2008 |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2706372,prtpage-1.cms |title=China is India's largest trade ally – International Business – Biz |work=The Times of India |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=24 October 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121024093515/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2706372,prtpage-1.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> The increasing economic reliance between India and China has also bought the two nations closer politically, with both India and China eager to resolve their boundary dispute.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=291668 |title=news.outlookindia.com |publisher=Outlookindia.com |access-date=21 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050425231736/http://outlookindia.com/pti_news.asp?id=291668 |archive-date=25 April 2005 }}</ref> They have also collaborated on several issues ranging from [[WTO]]'s [[Doha Development Round|Doha round]] in 2008<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=329920 |title=US blames India, China for blocking Doha talks |newspaper=Business Standard India |date=29 July 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=31 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120331142407/http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?autono=329920 |url-status=live }}</ref> to regional [[free trade agreement]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2798864,prtpage-1.cms |title=India, China to work on FTA recommendations- Foreign Trade-Economy-News-The Economic Times |work=The Economic Times |date=20 February 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=22 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522033948/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-2798864,prtpage-1.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> Similar to [[India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement|Indo-US nuclear deal]], India and China have also agreed to cooperate in the field of civilian [[Nuclear power|nuclear energy]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/15/stories/2008011555490100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081013173555/http://www.hindu.com/2008/01/15/stories/2008011555490100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=13 October 2008 |title=Front Page : India, China to promote cooperation in civil nuclear energy |date=15 January 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> However, China's economic interests have clashed with those of India.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Global |first=IndraStra |title=Gauging India's Response to OBOR |url=http://www.indrastra.com/2017/07/Gauging-India-s-Response-to-OBOR-003-07-2017-0013.html |journal=IndraStra |issn=2381-3652 |access-date=13 July 2017 |archive-date=24 July 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170724190246/http://www.indrastra.com/2017/07/Gauging-India-s-Response-to-OBOR-003-07-2017-0013.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Both countries are the largest Asian investors in Africa<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-30143539_ITM |title=Article: India, China top Asian FDI list in Africa. {{pipe}} AccessMyLibrary – Promoting library advocacy |publisher=AccessMyLibrary |date=28 March 2007 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=16 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216135056/http://www.accessmylibrary.com/coms2/summary_0286-30143539_ITM |url-status=live }}</ref> and have competed for control over their large natural resources.<ref>[http://allafrica.com/stories/200711160462.html Africa: China's Africa Overture Needs Common Touch] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010204148/http://allafrica.com/stories/200711160462.html |date=10 October 2012 }}, 16 November 2007</ref>

There was a tense situation due to the soldiers' [[2017 China–India border standoff|stand-off in Doklam]], Bhutan; but that was resolved early.<ref name="Hindustan Times" /> [[File:Liu Shaoqi and Indira Gandhi.jpg|thumb|220x220px|[[Liu Shaoqi]], the then [[Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Chairman]] of the [[Standing Committee of the National People's Congress|Standing Committee]] of the [[National People's Congress]] with [[Indira Gandhi]] when she was the President of [[Indian National Congress]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news|date=6 June 2008|title=Indo-China trade to surpass $60 bn before 2010|newspaper=Business Standard India|url=http://www.business-standard.com/india/storypage.php?tp=on&autono=39431|access-date=21 November 2009}}</ref>]]Relations were lost due to [[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes|Galwan Valley skirmishes]]<ref>{{Cite news|last=Sharma|first=Kiran|date=28 May 2020|title=India and China face off along disputed Himalayan border|work=[[The Nikkei]]|url=https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/India-and-China-face-off-along-disputed-Himalayan-border|access-date=28 May 2020|archive-date=29 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200529011033/https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/International-relations/India-and-China-face-off-along-disputed-Himalayan-border|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Singh|first=Rahul|date=31 March 2021|title=India-China border row: Air forces hold formation in Ladakh|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indiachina-border-row-air-forces-hold-formation-in-ladakh-101617138487983.html|access-date=31 March 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=31 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210331004738/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/indiachina-border-row-air-forces-hold-formation-in-ladakh-101617138487983.html|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[Timeline of the 2020–2021 China–India skirmishes|its progress]]. India ceased imports of Chinese products.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pandey|first=Neelam|date=16 June 2020|title=Traders' body calls for boycott of 3,000 Chinese products over 'continued' border clashes|url=https://theprint.in/india/traders-body-calls-for-boycott-of-3000-chinese-products-over-continued-border-clashes/442885/|access-date=23 April 2021|publisher=[[ThePrint]]|language=en-US|archive-date=18 June 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200618094901/https://theprint.in/india/traders-body-calls-for-boycott-of-3000-chinese-products-over-continued-border-clashes/442885/|url-status=live}}</ref> Various measures were taken, such as several contracts with the Chinese companies involved in railways, networks and several items productions, which were cancelled in response.<ref>{{cite web|date=23 June 2020|title=States, PSUs back off from Chinese contracts; new orders also scarce as India calls for China boycott|url=https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/economic-face-off-states-psus-lead-china-hit-back/2000090/|access-date=23 April 2021|website=[[The Financial Express (India)|The Financial Express]]|language=en-US|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423143726/https://www.financialexpress.com/economy/economic-face-off-states-psus-lead-china-hit-back/2000090/|url-status=live}}</ref> 
The outbreak of the [[Covid-19 pandemic in India|Coronavirus pandemic]] from Wuhan also hampered the relations.<ref>{{cite web|last=Roche|first=Elizabeth|date=1 November 2020|title=As pandemic unfolded, ties with China came under severe stress: Jaishankar|url=https://www.livemint.com/news/india/as-pandemic-unfolded-relationship-with-china-has-come-under-severe-stress-jaishankar-11604170323934.html|access-date=23 April 2021|website=[[Mint (newspaper)|The Mint]]|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423143727/https://www.livemint.com/news/india/as-pandemic-unfolded-relationship-with-china-has-come-under-severe-stress-jaishankar-11604170323934.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Following the straining of the bonds, both sides blamed each other for the conflict on LAC.<ref>{{cite web|last=Mohan|first=Geeta|title=China accuses Indian troops of firing first during Monday's skirmish at LAC|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/china-accuses-indian-troops-of-firing-first-during-monday-s-skirmish-at-lac-1719832-2020-09-08|access-date=23 April 2021|website=[[India Today]]|date=8 September 2020 |language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423143728/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/china-accuses-indian-troops-of-firing-first-during-monday-s-skirmish-at-lac-1719832-2020-09-08|url-status=live}}</ref> On 29–30 August, it was reported that China had allegedly attempted to cross LAC to attain important hilltops, which was filed by Indian troops, as they were an advantage of acquiring important tops near LAC.<ref>{{cite web|title=China Made 2nd Provocative Action on Aug 31, While Talks to Resolve Aug 30 Face-Off Were On|url=https://thewire.in/security/china-lac-india-pangong-tso-lake-standoff|access-date=23 April 2021|website=[[The Wire (India)|The Wire]]|archive-date=30 March 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330072128/https://thewire.in/security/china-lac-india-pangong-tso-lake-standoff|url-status=live}}</ref> India banned more than 250 Chinese apps,<ref>{{cite web|last=Arora|first=Devesh|date=24 November 2020|title=Complete list of 267 Chinese apps banned in India: PUBG Mobile, TikTok, AliExpress and more|url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/technology/news-list-of-all-chinese-apps-banned-in-india-2020-667131|access-date=23 April 2021|website=indiatvnews.com|publisher=[[India TV]]|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423143728/https://www.indiatvnews.com/technology/news-list-of-all-chinese-apps-banned-in-india-2020-667131|url-status=live}}</ref> and on 16 October, it banned the import of ACs, Refrigerators and Coolers from China.<ref>{{cite web|title=India bans import of air conditioners with refrigerants in blow to China|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/india-air-conditioner-ban-dgft-domestic-manufacturing-boost-china-1732184-2020-10-16|access-date=23 April 2021|website=[[India Today]]|date=16 October 2020 |language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423154058/https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/india-air-conditioner-ban-dgft-domestic-manufacturing-boost-china-1732184-2020-10-16|url-status=live}}</ref> Several core commanders' negotiations and talks were held,<ref>{{cite web|title=India-China meeting of Army Commanders on June 06, 2020|url=https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/32746/IndiaChina_meeting_of_Army_Commanders_on_June_06_2020|access-date=23 April 2021|website=mea.gov.in|publisher=[[Ministry of External Affairs (India)]]|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423154101/https://mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/32746/IndiaChina_meeting_of_Army_Commanders_on_June_06_2020|url-status=live}}</ref> which resulted in nothing other than vague promises then. [[2020–2021 China–India skirmishes#In media|Cross-media blaming]] was common.

There was even a conference held in [[Moscow]], Russia, on 5 September between the Defence Minister of India, [[Rajnath Singh]] and Chinese Army General, [[Wei Fenghe]], but that also ended up with no success.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan Roy|title=Foreign ministers of Russia, India, China meet in Moscow|work=[[The Economic Times]]|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/foreign-ministers-of-russia-india-china-meet-in-moscow/articleshow/78041123.cms|access-date=23 April 2021}}</ref> The recent meeting of the [[Quadrilateral Security Dialogue|Quad-alliance]] was also questioned by China,<ref>{{Cite news|last=Krishnan|first=Ananth|date=15 March 2021|title=Quad summit {{!}} Small cliques will destroy international order, says China|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/quad-summit-small-cliques-will-destroy-international-order-says-china/article34076342.ece|access-date=23 April 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423154059/https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/quad-summit-small-cliques-will-destroy-international-order-says-china/article34076342.ece|url-status=live}}</ref> but was then downed by India.<ref>{{cite web|date=14 March 2021|title=Quad Summit Shows India Ready to Reciprocate China Policy of Containing Us Even As It Engages Us|url=https://www.news18.com/news/opinion/quad-summit-shows-india-ready-to-reciprocate-china-policy-of-containing-us-even-as-it-engages-us-3532205.html|access-date=23 April 2021|website=news18.com|publisher=[[News 18]]|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423154100/https://www.news18.com/news/opinion/quad-summit-shows-india-ready-to-reciprocate-china-policy-of-containing-us-even-as-it-engages-us-3532205.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

In mid-January 2021, it was reported that both countries had finally agreed upon the de-escalation from their positions. Footage of Chinese troops removing tents/barracks was released. Both countries also agreed that India would move back to Finger-3, while China retained its position back to Finger-8, and also declared the area from Finger-3 to Finger-8 to be "[[No man's land]]".<ref>{{Cite news|last=Peri|first=Dinakar|date=15 February 2021|title=Explained {{!}} The disengagement plan between India and China along the LAC|language=en-IN|work=[[The Hindu]]|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/explained-the-disengagement-plan-between-india-and-china-along-the-lac/article33841285.ece|access-date=23 April 2021|issn=0971-751X|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423143728/https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/explained-the-disengagement-plan-between-india-and-china-along-the-lac/article33841285.ece|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Malabar 07-2 exercise.jpg|thumb|Two Japanese Naval warships took part in [[Malabar 2007]] off India's western coast, one of the few such multilateral exercises Japan has ever taken part in symbolising close military cooperation between India and Japan.|220x220px]]

;Japan
{{Main|India–Japan relations}}
India-Japan relations have always been strong. India has culturally influenced Japan through [[Buddhism]]. During [[World War II]], the [[Imperial Japanese Army]] helped [[Subhas Chandra Bose|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose]]'s [[Indian National Army]]. Relations have remained warm since India's independence, despite Japan imposing [[International sanctions|sanctions]] on India after the 1998 [[Pokhran-II]] nuclear tests (the sanctions were removed in 2001).
<ref>[https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2001/09/09/national/japan-ready-to-lift-sanctions-on-india/ "Japan ready to lift sanctions on India"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171005000449/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2001/09/09/national/japan-ready-to-lift-sanctions-on-india/ |date=5 October 2017 }} – The [[Japan Times]], 9 September 2001.</ref> Japanese companies, like [[Sony]], [[Toyota]], and [[Honda]], have manufacturing facilities in India, and with the growth of the Indian economy, India is a big market for Japanese firms. The most prominent Japanese company to have a big investment in India is automobiles giant [[Suzuki]] which is in partnership with Indian automobile company [[Maruti Suzuki]], the largest car manufacturer in India. Honda was also a partner in "[[Hero MotoCorp|Hero Honda]]", one of the largest motorcycle sellers in the world (the companies split in 2011<ref>{{cite web |date=17 December 2011 |url=http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_hero-honda-split-after-26-years_1482149 |title=Hero, Honda split after 26 years |access-date=9 December 2011 |archive-date=26 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111126185711/http://www.dnaindia.com/money/report_hero-honda-split-after-26-years_1482149 |url-status=live }}</ref>).
[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2002_-_Colnect_834423_-_India_Japan_50th_Anniversary_Diplomatic_Relations.jpeg|left|thumb|Stamp of India - 2002 - Colnect 834423 - India Japan 50th Anniversary Diplomatic Relations]]According to Former Prime Minister [[Shinzō Abe]]'s ''arc of freedom'' theory, it is in Japan's interests to develop closer ties with India, the world's most populous democracy, while its relations with China remain chilly. To this end, Japan has funded many infrastructure projects in India, most notably in [[New Delhi]]'s metro subway system.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://pinr.com/maintenance|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071024174544/http://pinr.com/report.php?ac=view_report&report_id=706&language_id=1|url-status=dead|title=Maintenance {{pipe}} Pinr - Local Business Directory|archive-date=24 October 2007|website=pinr.com}}</ref> In December 2006, then Prime Minister [[Manmohan Singh]]'s visit to Japan culminated in the signing of the "Joint Statement Towards Japan-India Strategic and Global Partnership". Indian applicants were welcomed in 2006 to the JET Programme, starting with just one slot available in 2006 and 41 in 2007. Also, in 2007, the [[Japan Self-Defense Forces]] took part in a naval exercise in the Indian Ocean, known as [[Exercise Malabar|Malabar 2007]], which also involved the naval forces of India, Australia, Singapore and the United States.[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi meeting Japanese PM Shinzo Abe.jpg|thumb|Former PM Shinzo Abe and PM Narendra Modi |220x220px]]

In October 2008, Japan signed an agreement with India under which it would grant the latter a low-interest loan worth US$4.5 billion to construct a high-speed rail line between Delhi and Mumbai. This is the single largest overseas project being financed by Japan and reflects a growing economic partnership between the two.<ref>{{cite web |date=22 October 2008 |url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5giqHnL_f6-aawPmSTcHokJyngxbg |title=AFP: Boosting ties, Japan offers India record loan for railway |access-date=21 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081104181200/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5giqHnL_f6-aawPmSTcHokJyngxbg |archive-date=4 November 2008 }}</ref> India and Japan signed a security cooperation agreement<ref>{{cite news |url=http://blogs.reuters.com/pakistan/2008/10/25/india-japan-in-security-pact-a-new-architecture-for-asia/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028024542/http://blogs.reuters.com/pakistan/2008/10/25/india-japan-in-security-pact-a-new-architecture-for-asia/ |url-status=dead |archive-date=28 October 2008 |title=Pakistan: Now or Never? " Blog Archive " India, Japan in security pact; a new architecture for Asia? {{pipe}} Blogs {{pipe}} |work=Reuters.com |date=25 October 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009}}</ref> in which both will hold military exercises, police the Indian Ocean and conduct military-to-military exchanges on fighting [[terrorism]], making India one of only three countries, the other two being the United States and Australia, with which Japan has such a security pact.<ref name="blogs.reuters.com">{{cite news |url=http://blogs.reuters.com/pakistan/2008/10/25/india-Japan-in-security-pact-a-new-architecture-for-asia/ |work=Reuters |title=India, Japan in security pact; a new architecture for Asia? |date=25 October 2008 |access-date=13 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100301213612/http://blogs.reuters.com/pakistan/2008/10/25/india-japan-in-security-pact-a-new-architecture-for-asia/ |archive-date=1 March 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There are 25,000 Indians in Japan as of 2008.

;Mongolia
{{Main|India–Mongolia relations}}
The relations between India and Mongolia are still at a nascent stage and Indo-Mongolian cooperation is limited to diplomatic visits, the provision of soft loans and financial aid and collaborations in the IT sector.

India established diplomatic relations in December 1955. India was the first country outside the Soviet bloc to establish diplomatic relations with Mongolia. Since then, there have been treaties of mutual friendship and cooperation between the two countries in 1973, 1994, 2001 and 2004.

;North Korea
{{main|India–North Korea relations}}
India and North Korea have growing trade and diplomatic relations. India had a fully functioning embassy in Pyongyang which was closed down due to [[COVID-19 pandemic]] [[COVID-19 in North Korea|in the host country]] while North Korea still operates an embassy in [[New Delhi]]. India has said that it wants the "reunification" of Korea.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://mea.gov.in/mystart.php?id=50049826 |title=Sorry for the inconvenience. |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120405025720/http://www.mea.gov.in/mystart.php?id=50049826 |archive-date=5 April 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

;South Korea
{{Main|India–South Korea relations}}
[[File:Narendra Modi and the President of the Republic of South Korea, Mr. Moon Jae-in take Delhi Metro ride on the way to inaugurate the Samsung manufacturing plant, World’s Largest Mobile Factory, in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.JPG|left|thumb|The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the President of the Republic of South Korea, Mr. [[Moon Jae-in]] take [[Delhi Metro]] ride on the way to inaugurate the Samsung manufacturing plant, World's Largest Mobile Factory, in [[Noida]], [[Uttar Pradesh]].]]
The cordial relationship between the two countries extends back to 48AD, when Queen Suro, or [[Heo Hwang-ok|Princess Heo]], travelled from the kingdom of Ayodhya to Korea.<ref name="NDTV">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070929134322/http://www.ndtv.com/features/showfeatures.asp?id=813&frmsrch=1&txtsrch=korea%2Ckim%2Cdynasty NDTV article]. Web.archive.org (29 September 2007). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> According to the [[Samguk Yusa]], the princess had a dream about a heavenly king who was awaiting heaven's anointed ride. After Princess Heo had the dream, she asked her parents, the king and queen, for permission to set out and seek the man, which the king and queen urged with the belief that god orchestrated the whole fate.<ref name="Samguk">Iryeon, pp. 161–164. (tr. by Ha Tae-Hung & Grafton K. Mintz) (1972). Samguk Yusa. Seoul: Yonsei University Press. {{ISBN|89-7141-017-5}}.</ref> Upon approval, she set out on a boat, carrying gold, silver, a tea plant, and a stone which calmed the waters.<ref name="NDTV" /> Archeologists discovered a stone with two fish kissing each other, a symbol of the [[Geumgwan Gaya|Gaya kingdom]] that is unique to the [[Mishra]] royal family in [[Ayodhya]], India. This royal link provides further evidence that there was an active commercial engagement between India and Korea since the queen's arrival in Korea.<ref name="NDTV" /> Current descendants live in the city of Gimhae as well as abroad in the America states of New Jersey and Kentucky. Many of them became prominent and well known around the world like President [[Kim Dae-jung|Kim Dae Jung]] and Prime Minister [[Kim Jong-pil]]. The relations between the countries have been relatively limited, although much progress arose during the three decades. [[File:Stamp of India - 2019 - Colnect 882632 - Joint Issue with South Korea.jpeg|thumb|Stamp of India - 2019 - Joint Issue with South Korea commemorating relationship when Queen Suro, or [[Heo Hwang-ok|Princess Heo]], travelled from the kingdom of Ayodhya to Korea.]]
Since the formal establishment of diplomatic ties between the two countries in 1973, several trade agreements have been reached. Trade between the two nations has increased exponentially, exemplified by the $530 million during the fiscal year of 1992–1993, and the $10 billion during 2006–2007.<ref name="IDSA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20070521072455/http://www.idsa.in/publications/stratcomments/RohitPattnaik220906.htm IDSA publication]. Web.archive.org (21 May 2007). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> During the [[1997 Asian financial crisis]], South Korean businesses sought to increase access to the global markets and began trade investments with India.<ref name="IDSA"/> The last two presidential visits from South Korea to India were in 1996 and 2006,<ref name="blue house">{{cite web|url=http://www.president.go.kr/cwd/kr/archive/popup_archive_print.php?meta_id=diplomacy_2004_03_1&id=e40ef57671fb72a4b3269f7d|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070930015633/http://www.president.go.kr/cwd/kr/archive/popup_archive_print.php?meta_id=diplomacy_2004_03_1&id=e40ef57671fb72a4b3269f7d|url-status=dead|title=Blue House commentary|archive-date=30 September 2007}}</ref> and the embassy works between the two countries are seen as needing improvements.<ref name="joongang">[https://web.archive.org/web/20050309194250/http://joongangdaily.joins.com/200310/06/200310062328421439900090309031.html Joong-ang Daily News article]. Web.archive.org (9 March 2005). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> Recently, there have been acknowledgements in the Korean public and political spheres that expanding relations with India should be a major economic and political priority for South Korea. Much of the economic investments of South Korea have been drained into China;<ref name="chosun">[http://www.chosun.com/editorials/news/200611/200611170385.html Chosun news article] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303180513/http://www.chosun.com/editorials/news/200611/200611170385.html |date=3 March 2016 }}. Chosun.com. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> however, South Korea is currently the fifth largest source of investment in India.<ref name="FICCI KOREA">[https://web.archive.org/web/20080221061403/http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/korea/koreacommercialrelation.htm FICCI i nfo]. Web.archive.org (21 January 2008). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> To [[The Times of India]], President [[Roh Moo-hyun]] voiced his opinion that cooperation between India's software and Korea's IT industries would bring very efficient and successful outcomes.<ref name="blue house"/> The two countries agreed to shift their focus to the revision of the visa policies between the two countries, expansion of trade, and establishment of [[free trade agreement]] to encourage further investment between the two countries. Korean companies such as [[Lucky Goldstar|LG]], [[Hyundai Motor Group|Hyundai]] and [[Samsung]] have established manufacturing and service facilities in India, and several Korean construction companies won grants for a portion of the many infrastructural building plans in India, such as the "National Highway Development Project".<ref name="FICCI KOREA"/> Tata Motor's purchase of [[Daewoo]] Commercial Vehicles at the cost of $102 million highlights India's investments in Korea, which consist mostly of subcontracting.<ref name="FICCI KOREA"/>

[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the President of Afghanistan, Dr. Mohammad Ashraf Ghani, at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on September 19, 2018.JPG|thumb|Indian PM Narendra Modi, hosting [[President of Afghanistan]], [[Ashraf Ghani]], in [[New Delhi]] {{small|(2018)}}|right]]

===South===
{{further|Neighbourhood first policy}}

;Afghanistan
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 10 December 1947.<ref name="google.com.ua"/>{{Main|Afghanistan–India relations}}Bilateral relations between India and Afghanistan have been traditionally strong and friendly. While India was the only South Asian country to recognise the Soviet-backed [[Democratic Republic of Afghanistan]] in the 1980s, its relations were diminished during the [[War in Afghanistan (1978–present)|Afghan civil wars]] and the rule of the Islamist [[Taliban]] in the 1990s.<ref name="RED">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/07/world/india-to-provide-aid-to-government-in-afghanistan.html |title=India to Provide Aid to Government in Afghanistan |access-date=16 August 2020 |work=[[The New York Times]] |first=Barbara |last=Crossette |date=7 March 1989 |archive-date=12 December 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191212023911/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/07/world/india-to-provide-aid-to-government-in-afghanistan.html |url-status=live }}</ref> India aided the overthrow of the Taliban and became the largest regional provider of humanitarian and reconstruction aid.<ref name="CFR">{{cite web |url=http://www.cfr.org/publication/14969/ |title=India's Northern Exposure |access-date=3 June 2008 |publisher=[[Council on Foreign Relations]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080303135744/http://www.cfr.org/publication/14969/ |archive-date=3 March 2008 }}</ref><ref name="IP">{{cite news |url=http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/04/B5BFE0BE-ED5D-43DE-A768-99A6AB1E6C5C.html |title=Kabul's India ties worry Pakistan |newspaper=Radiofreeeurope/Radioliberty |access-date=3 June 2008 |publisher=[[Radio Free Europe]], [[Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty]] |last1=Tarzi |first1=Amin |archive-date=11 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080611105916/http://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2006/04/b5bfe0be-ed5d-43de-a768-99a6ab1e6c5c.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The new democratically elected Afghan government strengthened its ties with India in the wake of persisting tensions and problems with Pakistan, which is continuing to shelter and support the Taliban.<ref name="CFR"/><ref name="IP"/> India pursues a policy of close cooperation to bolster its standing as a regional power and contains its rival Pakistan, which it maintains is supporting Islamic militants in Kashmir and other parts of India.<ref name="CFR"/> India is the largest regional investor in Afghanistan, having committed more than US$3 billion for reconstruction purposes.<ref>[http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080060107&type=News India, Afghanistan united against terror] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508223623/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/mumbaiterrorstrike/Story.aspx?ID=NEWEN20080060107&type=News |date=8 May 2013 }}, 4 August 2008</ref> After the [[Islamic Republic of Afghanistan]] collapsed, India [[Operation Devi Shakti|participated in the evacuation of non-Muslim minorities]] and provided food aid to Taliban-ruled Afghanistan.<ref>{{cite web |title=Taliban Commend India for Sending Humanitarian Aid to Afghanistan |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/taliban-commend-india-for-sending-humanitarian-aid-to-afghanistan/6386809.html |website=VOA |date=7 January 2022 |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508173211/https://www.voanews.com/a/taliban-commend-india-for-sending-humanitarian-aid-to-afghanistan/6386809.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Bangladesh
{{Main|Bangladesh–India relations}}

[[File:Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh, Ms. Sheikh Hasina and the Chief Minister of West Bengal (2).jpg|thumb|[[Prime Minister of India|PM]] [[Narendra Modi]], along with [[Prime Minister of Bangladesh|PM of Bangladesh]], [[Sheikh Hasina]], and [[Chief Minister of West Bengal]], [[Mamata Banerjee]], in an agreement between Indian and Bangladeshi Government, with [[Minister of External Affairs (India)]], [[S. Jaishankar]], and Bangladesh Govt. officials]]

India was the second country to recognise Bangladesh as a separate and independent state, doing so on 6 December 1971. India fought alongside the Bangladeshis to liberate Bangladesh from West Pakistan in 1971.

Bangladesh's relationship with India has been difficult in terms of [[Deaths along the Bangladesh–India border|border killing]], irrigation and land border disputes post-1976. However, India has enjoyed a favourable relationship with Bangladesh during governments formed by the Awami League in 1972 and 1996. The recent solutions to land and maritime disputes have taken out irritants in ties.

At the outset, India's relations with Bangladesh could not have been stronger because of India's unalloyed support for independence and opposition against Pakistan in 1971. During the independence war, many refugees fled to India. When the struggle of resistance matured in November 1971, India also intervened militarily and may have helped bring international attention to the issue through [[Indira Gandhi]]'s visit to Washington, D.C. Afterwards India furnished relief and reconstruction aid. India extended recognition to Bangladesh before the end of the war in 1971 (the second country to do so after Bhutan<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/Bhutan-not-India-was-first-to-recognize-Bangladesh/articleshow/45434808.cms|title=Bangladesh independende: Bhutan, not India, was first to recognize Bangladesh|website=The Times of India|date=9 December 2014|access-date=5 January 2018|archive-date=19 February 2024|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240219143153/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/bhutan-not-india-was-first-to-recognize-bangladesh/articleshow/45434808.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>) and subsequently lobbied others to follow suit. India also withdrew its military from the land of Bangladesh when [[Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]] requested [[Indira Gandhi]] to do so during the latter's visit to Dhaka in 1972.{{Citation needed|date=April 2012}}

[[File:1971 Instrument of Surrender.jpg|thumb|Lt Gen [[Amir Abdullah Khan Niazi|Niazi]] signing the [[Instrument of Surrender (1971)|Instrument of Surrender]] under the gaze of Lt Gen [[Jagjit Singh Aurora|Aurora]], effectively ending [[Bangladesh Liberation War]] and creating the new state of [[Bangladesh]].|left]]

Indo-Bangladesh relations have been somewhat less friendly since the [[15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d'état|fall of the Mujib government]] in August 1975.<ref>[http://www.iht.com/articles/2003/01/22/edbow_ed3__2.php For Bangladesh: India is causing trouble] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080616200431/http://www.iht.com/articles/2003/01/22/edbow_ed3__2.php |date=16 June 2008 }}, International Herald Tribune, 22 January 2003</ref> over the years over issues such as [[New Moore, or South Talpatti|South Talpatti Island]], the [[Tin Bigha Corridor]] and access to Nepal, the [[Farakka Barrage]] and water sharing, border conflicts near [[Tripura]] and the construction of a fence along most of the border which India explains as security provision against migrants, insurgents and terrorists. Many Bangladeshis feel India likes to play "big brother" to smaller neighbours, including Bangladesh. Bilateral relations warmed in 1996, due to a softer Indian foreign policy and the new [[Bangladesh Awami League|Awami League]] Government. A 30-year water-sharing agreement for the [[Ganges]] River was signed in December 1996, after an earlier bilateral water-sharing agreement for the Ganges River lapsed in 1988. Both nations also have cooperated on the issue of flood warnings and preparedness. The Bangladesh Government and tribal [[Insurgency|insurgents]] signed a peace accord in December 1997, which allowed for the return of tribal refugees who had fled to India, beginning in 1986, to escape violence caused by an insurgency in their homeland in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]]. The [[Bangladesh Army]] maintains a very strong presence in the area to this day. The army is increasingly concerned about the growing problem of the [[Plant cultivation|cultivation]] of [[illegal drugs]].

There are also small pieces of land along the border region that Bangladesh is diplomatically trying to reclaim. Padua, part of [[Sylhet Division]] before 1971, has been under Indian control since the war in 1971. This small strip of land was [[2001 Bangladesh–India border clashes|re-occupied by the BDR in 2001]] but later given back to India after the Bangladesh government decided to solve the problem through diplomatic negotiations. The Indian New Moore island no longer exists, but Bangladesh repeatedly claims it<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8584665.stm |title=Disputed Bay of Bengal island 'vanishes' say scientists |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=26 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150426090518/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/8584665.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> to be part of the Satkhira district of Bangladesh.

[[File:Stamp of India - 1973 - Colnect 372292 - Flower with Flag - Map of Bangladesh.jpeg|thumb|Stamp of India - 1973- Flower with Flag - India commemorating the [[Creation of Bangladesh|creation of Republic of Bangladesh.]]]]

In recent years India has increasingly complained that Bangladesh does not secure its border properly. It fears an increasing flow of poor Bangladeshis and it accuses Bangladesh of harbouring Indian separatist groups like [[United Liberation Front of Assam|ULFA]] and alleged terrorist groups. The Bangladesh government has refused to accept these allegations.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Bangladesh-promises-India-all-help-against-insurgents/article14728781.ece|title=Bangladesh promises India all help against insurgents|newspaper=The Hindu|date=4 March 2007|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=31 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731183637/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/Bangladesh-promises-India-all-help-against-insurgents/article14728781.ece|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5183862.stm Dhaka dismisses Mumbai bomb claim] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111112148/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/5183862.stm |date=11 November 2012 }}, BBC World News, 15 July 2006</ref> India estimates that over 20 million [[Illegal immigration in India|Bangladeshis are living illegally in India]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030928/main1.htm|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Main News|website=The Tribune|access-date=12 January 2013|archive-date=14 March 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314061057/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030928/main1.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> One Bangladeshi official responded that "there is not a single Bangladeshi migrant in India".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030217/edit.htm#3Problem|title=The Tribune, Chandigarh, India – Editorial|website=The Tribune|access-date=12 January 2013|archive-date=30 November 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121130095216/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030217/edit.htm#3Problem|url-status=live}}</ref> Since 2002, India has been constructing an [[Indo-Bangladeshi barrier|India – Bangladesh Fence]] along much of the 2500-mile border.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nelson |first=Dean |date=13 November 2005 |title=India fences off Bangladesh to keep out Muslim terror |url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article589627.ece |work=The Sunday Times |location=London |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070220120456/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/article589627.ece |archive-date=20 February 2007 |access-date=11 July 2007}}</ref> The failure to resolve migration disputes bears a human cost for illegal migrants, such as imprisonment and health risks (namely [[HIV/AIDS]]).<ref name=ODI1>Fiona Samuels and Sanju Wagle 2011. [http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5733&title=hiv-aids-migration-emphasis-bangladesh-nepal-india Population mobility and HIV and AIDS: review of laws, policies and treaties between Bangladesh, Nepal and India] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120920024611/http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/details.asp?id=5733&title=hiv-aids-migration-emphasis-bangladesh-nepal-india |date=20 September 2012 }}. London: [[Overseas Development Institute]]</ref>

India's prime minister Narendra Modi and his Bangladeshi counterpart [[Sheikh Hasina]] have completed a landmark deal redrawing their messy shared border and thereby solving disputes between India and Bangladesh. Bangladesh has also given India a transit route to travel through Bangladesh to its North East states. India and Bangladesh also have free trade agreement on 7 June 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/06/india-bangladesh-seal-land-swap-deal-150606012711866.html|title=India and Bangladesh seal land-swap deal|publisher=Al Jazeera|access-date=10 July 2015|archive-date=11 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711020223/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/06/india-bangladesh-seal-land-swap-deal-150606012711866.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

Both countries solved their border dispute on 6 June 2015.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-33733911|title=India and Bangladesh swap enclaves|publisher=BBC News|date=31 July 2015|access-date=24 July 2018|archive-date=29 June 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180629025535/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-33733911|url-status=live}}</ref>

The [[Agartala railway station|Agartala]]-[[Akhaura Junction railway station|Akhaura]] rail link between Indian Railway and Bangladesh Railway will reduce the current 1700&nbsp;km road distance between Kolkata to Agartala via Siliguri to just 350 kilometer by railway.
To connect Kolkata with [[Tripura]] via Bangladesh through railway, the Union Government on 10 February 2016 sanctioned about 580 crore rupees. The project which is expected to be completed by 2017 will pass through Bangladesh.

The project ranks high on Prime Minister's [[Look East policy (India)|'Act East Policy']], and is expected to increase connectivity and boost trade between India and Bangladesh.[[File:The King of Bhutan, His Majesty Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck meeting the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, at 7, Lok Kalyan Marg, in New Delhi on November 01, 2017 (1).jpg|thumb|The [[King of Bhutan]], [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]], at [[7, Lok Kalyan Marg|Prime Minister's Residence]] with [[Prime Minister of India|PM]] [[Narendra Modi]] in [[New Delhi]] on 1 November 2017.]]

;Bhutan
{{Main|Bhutan–India relations}}

Historically, there have been close ties with India. Both countries signed a friendship treaty in 1949, where India would assist Bhutan in foreign relations. On 8 February 2007, the Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty was substantially revised under the Bhutanese King, [[Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck]]. Whereas in the Treaty of 1949 Article 2 read as "The Government of India undertakes to exercise no interference in the internal administration of Bhutan. On its part, the Government of Bhutan agrees to be guided by the advice of the Government of India regarding its external relations."

In the revised treaty it now reads as, "In keeping with the abiding ties of close friendship and cooperation between Bhutan and India, the Government of the Kingdom of Bhutan and the Government of the Republic of India shall cooperate closely with each other on issues relating to their national interests. Neither government shall allow the use of its territory for activities harmful to the national security and interest of the other". The revised treaty also includes in it the preamble "Reaffirming their respect for each other's independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity", an element that was absent in the earlier version. The Indo-Bhutan Friendship Treaty of 2007 strengthens Bhutan's status as an independent and sovereign nation.
[[File:PM Narendra Modi meets Bhutan PM Mr. Tshering Tobgay.jpg|thumb|Indian PM [[Narendra Modi]] meets with Bhutanese PM [[Tshering Tobgay]]]]
India continues to be the largest trade and development partner of Bhutan. Planned development efforts in Bhutan began in the early 1960s. The First Five Year Plan (FYP) of Bhutan was launched in 1961. Since then, India has been extending financial assistance to Bhutan's FYPs. The 10th FYP ended in June 2013. India's overall assistance to the 10th FYP was a little over Rs. 5000 crores, excluding grants for hydropower projects. India has committed Rs. 4500 crores for Bhutan's 11th FYP along with Rs. 500 crores as an Economic Stimulus Package.<ref name="mea.gov.in">{{cite web|url=http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Bilateral_Briefs_of_Bhutan.pdf|title=Bilateral Briefs of Bhutan|access-date=9 February 2016|archive-date=15 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160215184528/http://mea.gov.in/Portal/ForeignRelation/Bilateral_Briefs_of_Bhutan.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref>

The hydropower sector is one of the main pillars of bilateral cooperation, exemplifying mutually beneficial synergy by providing clean energy to India and exporting revenue to Bhutan (power contributes 14% to the Bhutanese GDP, comprising about 35% of Bhutan's total exports). Three hydroelectric projects (HEPs) totaling 1416 MW, (336 MW [[Chukha District|Chukha]] HEP, the 60 MW Kurichu HEP, and the 1020 MW Tala HEP), are already exporting electricity to India. In 2008 the two governments identified ten more projects for development with a total generation capacity of 10,000 MW. Of these, three projects totaling 2940 MW (1200 MW Punatsangchu-I, 1020 MW Punatsangchu-II and 720 MW Mangdechu HEPs) are under construction and are scheduled to be commissioned in the last quarter of 2017–2018. Out of the remaining 7 HEPs, 4 projects totaling 2120 MW (600 MW Kholongchhu, 180 MW Bunakha, 570 MW Wangchu and 770 MW Chamkarchu) will be constructed under a Joint Venture model, for which a Framework Inter-Governmental Agreement was signed between both governments in 2014. Of these 4 JV-model projects, pre-construction activities for Kholongchhu HEP have commenced.<ref name="mea.gov.in"/> [[Tata Power]] is also building a hydroelectric dam in Bhutan.

India had assisted Bhutan by [[2017 China–India border standoff|deploying its troops in Doklam in 2017]]- a territory claimed and controlled by the Bhutanese government- to resist a Chinese army's control and construction of military structures.<ref name="Hindustan Times">{{cite web|date=28 August 2017|title=Blow by blow: A timeline of India, China face-off over Doklam|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/blow-by-blow-a-timeline-of-india-china-face-off-over-doklam/story-qBIEwZI7kUcXxNmCfHzHCP.html|access-date=23 April 2021|work=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=23 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210423134737/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/blow-by-blow-a-timeline-of-india-china-face-off-over-doklam/story-qBIEwZI7kUcXxNmCfHzHCP.html|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the President of Maldives, Mr. Ibrahim Mohamed Solih, in Male, Maldives on November 17, 2018.JPG|thumb|PM Narendra Modi meeting [[President of Maldives]], [[Ibrahim Mohamed Solih]], in [[Malé]] {{small|(2018)}}]]

;Maldives
{{Main|India–Maldives relations}}
{{Further|2024 India-Maldives diplomatic row}}

India enjoys a considerable influence over Maldives' foreign policy and provides extensive security cooperation, especially after [[1988 Maldives coup d'état#Operation Cactus|Operation Cactus]] in 1988 during which India repelled Tamil mercenaries who invaded the country.

As a founder member in 1985 of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]], which brings together [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[India]], [[Maldives]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Sri Lanka]], the country plays a very active role in SAARC. The Maldives has taken the lead in calling for a South Asian Free Trade Agreement, the formulation of a Social Charter, the initiation of informal political consultations in SAARC forums, the lobbying for greater action on environmental issues, the proposal of numerous human rights measures such as the regional convention on child rights and for setting up a SAARC Human Rights Resource Centre. The Maldives is also an advocate of greater international profile for SAARC such as through formulating common positions at the UN.

India is starting the process to bring the island country into India's security grid. The move comes after the moderate Islamic nation approached New Delhi earlier this year over fears that one of its island resorts could be taken over by terrorists given its lack of military assets and surveillance capabilities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/India-bringing-Maldives-into-its-security-net/501583 |title=India bringing Maldives into its security net |work=The Indian Express |location=India |date=13 August 2009 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=15 October 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015082349/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-bringing-maldives-into-its-security-net/501583/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
India also signed an agreement with the Maldives in 2011 which is centred around the following:
* India shall permanently base two helicopters in the country to enhance its surveillance capabilities and ability to respond swiftly to threats. One helicopter from the Coast Guard was handed over during [[A. K. Antony]]'s visit while another from the Navy will be cleared for transfer shortly.
* Maldives has coastal radars on only two of its 26 atolls. India will help set up radars on all 26 for seamless coverage of approaching vessels and aircraft.
* The coastal radar chain in the Maldives will be networked with the Indian coastal radar system. India has already undertaken a project to install radars along its entire coastline. The radar chains of the two countries will be interlinked and a central control room in India's Coastal Command will get a seamless radar picture.
* The Indian Coast Guard (ICG) will carry out regular Dornier sorties over the island nation to look out for suspicious movements or vessels. The Southern Naval Command will facilitate the inclusion of Maldives into the Indian security grid.
* Military teams from Maldives will visit the tri-services Andaman & Nicobar Command (ANC) to observe how India manages security and surveillance of the critical island chain.

Relations faced a strain in January 2024 due to derogatory remarks by Maldivian officials and concerns over racism, targeted towards Indian Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] as well as India, triggering the '''[[2024 India-Maldives diplomatic row]]'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title="Indians Rightfully Angry": Maldives MP Amid Row Over Ministers' Remarks |url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/shameful-racist-maldives-mp-condemns-ministers-remark-on-india-pm-modi-4820311 |access-date=2024-01-08 |website=NDTV.com |archive-date=11 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240311001456/https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/shameful-racist-maldives-mp-condemns-ministers-remark-on-india-pm-modi-4820311 |url-status=live }}</ref>

This was seen very negatively in India, with citizens calling for a boycott of vacations in Maldives, with many renowned [[Bollywood]] actors and personalities criticising the Maldivian government. This also led to the death of a young Maldivian teenager,<ref>{{cite news |last1=Biswas |first1=Sayantani |title=Maldives teen dies waiting for air ambulance, minister blames President Muizzu's 'animosity' towards India |url=https://www.livemint.com/news/world/malives-india-row-teen-dies-waiting-for-indian-dornier-aircraft-minister-blames-mohamed-muizzus-animosity-11705813493152.html |agency=Mint |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=23 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240323064838/https://www.livemint.com/news/world/malives-india-row-teen-dies-waiting-for-indian-dornier-aircraft-minister-blames-mohamed-muizzus-animosity-11705813493152.html |url-status=live }}</ref> who had to be taken to India via an [[air ambulance]], after the request at the last minute was denied by Maldivian authorities due to the ongoing tensions against the country.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gupta |first1=Adarsh Kumar |title=Sick Maldivian teen dies after President Mohammed Muizzu refused India's plane services: Report |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/sick-maldivian-teen-dies-after-president-mohammed-muizzu-refused-indias-plane-services-report-101705810862369.html |agency=Hindustan Times |access-date=14 March 2024 |archive-date=21 March 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240321172713/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/sick-maldivian-teen-dies-after-president-mohammed-muizzu-refused-indias-plane-services-report-101705810862369.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

;Nepal
{{Main|India–Nepal relations}}
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the Prime Minister of Nepal, Shri K.P. Sharma Oli, on the sidelines of the 4th BIMSTEC Summit, in Kathmandu, Nepal on August 31, 2018.JPG|thumb|[[Prime Minister of India|PM]] [[Narendra Modi]], with Former [[Prime Minister of Nepal]], [[KP Sharma Oli]], in BIMSTEC Summit 2018 at [[Kathmandu]].]]
Relations between India and Nepal are close yet fraught with difficulties stemming from border disputes, geography, economics, the problems inherent in big power-small power relations, and common ethnic and linguistic identities that overlap the two countries borders. In 1950 New Delhi and [[Kathmandu]] initiated their intertwined relationship with the [[1950 Indo-Nepal Treaty of Peace and Friendship|Treaty of Peace and Friendship]] and accompanying secret letters that defined security relations between the two countries, and an agreement governing both bilateral trade and trade transiting Indian soil. The 1950 treaty and letters stated that "neither government shall tolerate any threat to the security of the other by a foreign aggressor" and obligated both sides "to inform each other of any serious friction or misunderstanding with any neighboring state likely to cause any breach in the friendly relations subsisting between the two governments", and also granted the Indian and Nepali citizens right to get involved in any economic activity such as work and business-related activity in each other's territory. These accords cemented a "special relationship" between India and Nepal that granted Nepalese in India the same economic and educational opportunities as Indian citizens.

[[File:Local_Nepalese_and_Army_persons_being_evacuated_by_An_Indian_Air_Force_(IAF)_Mi-17_V5_helicopter_of_directions_of_Nepalese_authority_as_part_of_relief_&_rescue_operations_following_a_recent_massive_earthquake_in_Nepal.jpg|thumb|Local Nepalese and Army persons are being evacuated by the Indian Air Force (IAF) Mi-17 V5 helicopter at the directions of Nepalese authority as part of relief & rescue operations following the 2015 Kathmandu Earthquake.]]

Relations between India and Nepal reached their lowest in 1989 when India imposed a 13-month-long economic blockade on Nepal. Indian PM Narendra Modi visited Nepal in 2014, the first by an Indian PM in nearly 17 years.

In 2015, a blockade of the India-Nepal border affected relations. The blockade is led by ethnic communities angered by Nepal's recently promulgated new constitution.<ref name="bbc.com">{{cite news |title=UN: Nepal blockade puts millions of children at risk |publisher=BBC News |date=30 November 2015 |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34968252 |access-date=25 December 2015 |language=en-GB |archive-date=1 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101034857/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-34968252 |url-status=live }}</ref> However, the Nepalese government accuses India of deliberately worsening the embargo, but India denies it.<ref name="bbc.com"/>

India [[Humanitarian response to the 2015 Nepal earthquake#India|aided Nepal]] during the [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake|2015 Kathmandu earthquake]] with the financial aid of $1 billion and launched [[Operation Maitri]].<ref>{{Cite news|title=India announces $1 billion aid for rebuilding Nepal|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-announces-1-billion-aid-for-rebuilding-nepal/articleshow/47810366.cms|access-date=24 April 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424084213/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-announces-1-billion-aid-for-rebuilding-nepal/articleshow/47810366.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>

The relations were strained during mid-2020, when it was reported that a firing took place by the Nepalese police across the Indo-Nepalese border of Bihar on 12 July.<ref>{{cite news|author=Ramashankar|title=India Nepal border news: One killed, two injured in firing by Nepal police near border {{!}} Patna News|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/one-killed-two-injured-in-shootout-at-india-nepal-border-in-bihars-sitamarhi/articleshow/76337313.cms|access-date=23 April 2021|website=[[The Times of India]]|date=12 June 2020|language=en|archive-date=4 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704115456/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/patna/one-killed-two-injured-in-shootout-at-india-nepal-border-in-bihars-sitamarhi/articleshow/76337313.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Prime Minister of Nepal|Nepalese Prime Minister]] [[KP Sharma Oli]] commented about [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|the pandemic of Coronavirus]] that the "Indian virus was deadlier" than the one which [[COVID-19 pandemic|spread from Wuhan]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=Chaudhury|first=Dipanjan Roy|title=Indian coronavirus more lethal than Chinese: Nepal PM K P Sharma Oli|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/coronavirus-coming-from-india-more-lethal-than-those-from-china-italy-oli/articleshow/75850117.cms|access-date=24 April 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424084211/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/coronavirus-coming-from-india-more-lethal-than-those-from-china-italy-oli/articleshow/75850117.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> As time progressed, certain claims were also made on the Indian territories, for example, [[Kalapani territory|Kalapani]], [[Kuthi Valley|Limpiyadhura]] and [[Lipulekh Pass|Lipulekh]] of [[Uttarakhand]].<ref>{{cite web|date=25 October 2020|title=Controversy over old map of Nepal in Oli's Dussehra greeting card|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/controversy-over-old-map-of-nepal-in-kp-oli-dussehra-greeting-card-6878975/|access-date=24 April 2021|website=The Indian Express|language=en|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424084210/https://indianexpress.com/article/world/controversy-over-old-map-of-nepal-in-kp-oli-dussehra-greeting-card-6878975/|url-status=live}}</ref> Similarly, the claims were also made culturally, when it was said that Hindu God [[Rama|Ram]] was Nepalese, that he was born in [[Thori]], west of [[Birgunj]], and that [[Ayodhya]] in [[Uttar Pradesh]] was fake.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sujeet Jha|first=Geeta Mohan|title=Lord Ram was Nepali, India set up a 'fake Ayodhya', claims Nepal PM KP Oli|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lord-ram-was-nepali-india-set-up-a-fake-ayodhya-claims-nepal-pm-kp-oli-1700220-2020-07-13|access-date=24 April 2021|website=[[India Today]]|date=13 July 2020 |language=en|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424084211/https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/lord-ram-was-nepali-india-set-up-a-fake-ayodhya-claims-nepal-pm-kp-oli-1700220-2020-07-13|url-status=live}}</ref> Rules were made strict for [[Indian Nepalis|Indians in Nepal]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal amends citizenship law for Indians, cites Indian laws to justify change|url=https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/nepal-amends-citizenship-law-for-indians-cites-indian-laws-to-justify-change/609491|access-date=24 April 2021|website=timesnownews.com|date=20 June 2020|language=en|publisher=[[Times Now]]|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424084215/https://www.timesnownews.com/india/article/nepal-amends-citizenship-law-for-indians-cites-indian-laws-to-justify-change/609491|url-status=live}}</ref> along with banning some Indian media.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal bans transmission of private Indian news channels for allegedly 'hurting national sentiments'|url=https://scroll.in/latest/967062/nepal-bans-transmission-of-private-indian-news-channels-for-allegedly-hurting-national-sentiments|access-date=24 April 2021|website=Scroll.in|date=10 July 2020|language=en-US|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424084211/https://scroll.in/latest/967062/nepal-bans-transmission-of-private-indian-news-channels-for-allegedly-hurting-national-sentiments|url-status=live}}</ref>
Indian media stated that the actions of the Oli government were souring the relations, "and these were being done on the direction of China and propelled by Chinese ambassador [[Hou Yanqi]]". Speculations were made that since China could not handle India directly, in the aftermath of the [[2020 China–India skirmishes|LAC skirmish]], it was lurking and trapping its neighboring countries and provoking them against India. In August, there were reports about the Chinese "illegal occupations" in Nepal's border states' areas.<ref>{{Cite news|title=China occupies Nepal village, land; deafening silence from Oli govt|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/china-occupies-nepal-village-land-deafening-silence-from-oli-govt/articleshow/76539082.cms|access-date=24 April 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424084211/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/world-news/china-occupies-nepal-village-land-deafening-silence-from-oli-govt/articleshow/76539082.cms|url-status=live}}</ref>[[File:Nehrujinnah.jpg|thumb|279x279px|[[Jawaharlal Nehru|Jawahar Lal Nehru]] and [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah|Muhammed Ali Jinnah]] walking in the grounds of Government House, [[Shimla|Simla]], [[Presidencies and provinces of British India|British India]].<ref name=":0" />]]

;Pakistan
{{main|India–Pakistan relations}}
Both countries established diplomatic relations on 15 August 1947.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Avtar Singh Bhasin |title=India - Pakistan relations 1947-2007 A Documentary Study Vol-I-X |url=https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf/India-Pakistan-std.pdf |access-date=7 November 2023 |page=33 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107215952/https://www.mea.gov.in/Images/pdf/India-Pakistan-std.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

Despite historical, cultural and ethnic links between them, relations between India and Pakistan have been "plagued" by years of mistrust and suspicion ever since the [[partition of India]] in 1947. The principal source of contention between India and its western neighbour has been the [[Kashmir conflict]]. After an invasion by [[Pashtuns|Pashtun tribesmen]] and Pakistani paramilitary forces, the Hindu Maharaja of the [[Dogras|Dogra]] Kingdom of [[Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)|Jammu and Kashmir]], [[Hari Singh]], and its Muslim Prime Minister, [[Sheikh Abdullah]], signed an [[Instrument of Accession (Jammu and Kashmir)|Instrument of Accession]] with New Delhi. The [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947|First Kashmir War]] started after the [[Indian Army]] entered [[Srinagar]], the capital of the state, to secure the area from the invading forces. The war ended in December 1948 with the [[Line of Control]] dividing the erstwhile princely state into territories administered by Pakistan (northern and western areas) and India (southern, central and northeastern areas). Pakistan contested the legality of the Instrument of Accession since the Dogra Kingdom has signed a [[standstill agreement]] with it. The [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] started following the failure of Pakistan's [[Operation Gibraltar]], which was designed to infiltrate forces into Jammu and Kashmir to precipitate an insurgency against rule by India. The five-week war caused thousands of casualties on both sides. It ended in a United Nations (UN) mandated ceasefire and the subsequent issuance of the [[Tashkent Declaration]]. India and Pakistan [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971|went to war]] again in 1971, this time the conflict being over [[East Pakistan]]. The [[1971 Bangladesh genocide|large-scale atrocities]] committed there by the Pakistan army led to millions of Bengali refugees pouring over into India. India, along with the [[Mukti Bahini]], defeated Pakistan and the Pakistani forces surrendered on the eastern front. The war resulted in the creation of Bangladesh. In 1998, India carried out the [[Pokhran-II]] nuclear tests which was followed by Pakistan's [[Chagai-I]] tests. Following the [[Lahore Declaration]] in February 1999, relations briefly improved. A few months later, however, Pakistani paramilitary forces and [[Pakistan Army]], infiltrated in large numbers into the [[Kargil district]] of Indian Kashmir. This initiated the [[Kargil War]] after India moved in thousands of troops to successfully flush out the infiltrators. Although the conflict did not result in a full-scale war between India and Pakistan, relations between the two reached an all-time low which worsened even further following the involvement of Pakistan-based terrorists in the hijacking of the [[Indian Airlines Flight 814]] in December 1999. Attempts to normalise relations, such as the [[Agra summit]] held in July 2001, failed. An [[2001 Indian Parliament attack|attack on the Indian Parliament]] in December 2001, which was blamed on Pakistan, which had condemned the attack<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1707865.stm |title=SOUTH ASIA {{pipe}} Indian parliament attack kills 12 |publisher=BBC News |date=13 December 2001 |access-date=21 November 2009}}</ref> caused a [[2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff|military standoff between the two countries]] which lasted for nearly a year raising fears of [[nuclear warfare]]. However, a peace process, initiated in 2003, led to improved relations in the following years.[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the Prime Minister of Pakistan, Mr. Nawaz Sharif, at Raiwind, in Pakistan on December 25, 2015 (2).jpg|thumb|[[Prime Minister of India|PM]] [[Narendra Modi]] meeting Former [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]], [[Nawaz Sharif]], at [[Raiwind]], [[Pakistan]] <br />{{small|(2015, last formal dialogue)}}]]

Since the initiation of the peace process, several confidence-building measures (CBMs) between India and Pakistan have taken shape. The [[Samjhauta Express]] and [[Delhi–Lahore Bus]] service are two of these successful measures which have played a crucial role in expanding people-to-people contact between the two countries.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dawn.com/2004/08/04/top13.htm |title=Pakistan, India inch closer to agreement: People-to-people contact -DAWN – Top Stories; 04 August, 2004 |publisher=DAWN |date=4 August 2004 |access-date=21 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216140030/http://www.dawn.com/2004/08/04/top13.htm |archive-date=16 December 2008}}</ref> The initiation of the [[Srinagar–Muzaffarabad Bus]] service in 2005 and the opening of a historic trade route across the Line of Control in 2008 further reflects increasing eagerness between the two sides to improve relations. Although bilateral trade between India and Pakistan was a modest US$1.7 billion in March 2007, it is expected to cross US$10 billion by 2010. After the [[2005 Kashmir earthquake]], India sent aid to affected areas in Pakistani Kashmir and Punjab as well as Indian Kashmir.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/08/01/business/AS-FIN-India-Pakistan-Trade.php |title=Search – Global Edition – The New York Times |work=International Herald Tribune |date=29 March 2009 |access-date=21 November 2009}}</ref>

The [[2008 Mumbai attacks]] seriously undermined the relations between the two countries. India alleged Pakistan harbouring militants on their soil, while Pakistan vehemently denied such claims.

A new chapter started in India-Pakistan relations when a new [[National Democratic Alliance|NDA government]] took charge in Delhi after victory in the [[2014 Indian general election|2014 election]] and invited [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]] members' leaders to an oath-taking ceremony. Subsequently, the visit of the Indian prime minister on 25 December informally wished Pakistani Prime Minister [[Nawaz Sharif]] on his Birthday and participate in his daughter's wedding. It was hoped that the relationship between the neighbour will improve but an [[2016 Uri attack|attack]] on an Indian army camp by Pakistani infiltrators on 18 September 2016<ref>{{cite news|title=Militants attack Indian army base in Kashmir 'killing 17'|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37399969|access-date=18 September 2016|publisher=BBC News|date=18 September 2016|archive-date=10 April 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190410213545/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-37399969|url-status=live}}</ref> and a subsequent [[2016 Indian Line of Control strike|surgical strike by India]]<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-surgical-strikes-across-loc-full-statement-by-dgmo-lt-gen-ranbir-singh/story-Q5yrp0gjvxKPGazDzAnVsM.html|title=India's surgical strikes across LoC: Full statement by DGMO Lt Gen Ranbir Singh|work=Hindustan Times|date=29 September 2016|access-date=2 October 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161002024056/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/india-s-surgical-strikes-across-loc-full-statement-by-dgmo-lt-gen-ranbir-singh/story-Q5yrp0gjvxKPGazDzAnVsM.html|archive-date=2 October 2016}}</ref> aggravated the already strained relationship between the nations.
[[File:International border at Wagah - evening flag lowering ceremony.jpg|thumb|The evening flag lowering ceremony at the [[India–Pakistan border|India-Pakistan International Border]] near [[Wagah]]. Taken from the Pakistani side.]]
A SAARC summit scheduled in Islamabad was called off because of a boycott by India and other SAARC members subsequently.<ref>{{cite web|date=28 September 2016|title=Saarc summit collapses after India and three other members pull out|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/saarc-summit-collapses-after-india-and-3-other-members-pull-out/story-kIMWfSqirGLzB6MEfuS3CN.html|access-date=24 April 2021|website=Hindustan Times|language=en|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424085638/https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/saarc-summit-collapses-after-india-and-3-other-members-pull-out/story-kIMWfSqirGLzB6MEfuS3CN.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

The relationship took a further nosedive after another [[Pulwama attack|attack on CRPF in February 2019]] by a terrorist associated with the Pakistan-based terror organisation, [[Jaish-e-Mohammed]], when the terrorist rammed his vehicle packed with explosives against a bus carrying  [[Central Reserve Police Force|CRPF soldiers]] in Pulwama, Kashmir, killing 40.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/37-crpf-jawans-martyred-in-ied-blast-in-jks-pulwama/articleshow/67992189.cms|title=Pulwama terror attack today: 40 CRPF jawans martyred in IED blast in Jammu and Kashmir's Pulwama|website=The Times of India|date=16 February 2019|access-date=22 May 2020|archive-date=15 February 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190215181837/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/37-crpf-jawans-martyred-in-ied-blast-in-jks-pulwama/articleshow/67992189.cms|url-status=live}}</ref> India blamed Pakistan which was denied by the Pakistani establishment. India retaliated with [[2019 Balakot airstrike|an airstrike on Balakot]], a region claimed and controlled by Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|last=Chengappa|first=Raj|title=Balakot: How India planned IAF airstrike in Pakistan {{!}} An inside story|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20190325-balakot-airstrikes-pulwama-terror-attack-abhinandan-varthaman-narendra-modi-masood-azhar-1478511-2019-03-15|access-date=24 April 2021|website=India Today|date=15 March 2019 |language=en|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424134844/https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/20190325-balakot-airstrikes-pulwama-terror-attack-abhinandan-varthaman-narendra-modi-masood-azhar-1478511-2019-03-15|url-status=live}}</ref>

A new chapter in peace was ignited when it was suddenly declared that a back-door peace settlement over ceasing the cross-border firing across LOC was signed between the armies of both sides, and a steady growth in the countries coming together was observed.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Secret India-Pakistan peace roadmap brokered by top UAE royals|work=The Economic Times|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/secret-india-pakistan-peace-roadmap-brokered-by-top-uae-royals/articleshow/81625837.cms?from=mdr|access-date=24 April 2021|archive-date=24 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210424090654/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/secret-india-pakistan-peace-roadmap-brokered-by-top-uae-royals/articleshow/81625837.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Sri Lanka
{{Main|India–Sri Lanka relations}}

Bilateral relations between Sri Lanka and India have enjoyed historically a good relationship. The two countries share near-identical racial and cultural ties. According to traditional Sri Lankan chronicles ([[Dipavamsa]]), Buddhism was introduced into Sri Lanka in the 4th century BCE by Venerable [[Mahinda (buddhist monk)|Mahinda]], the son of Indian Emperor [[Ashoka]], during the reign of Sri Lanka's King [[Devanampiyatissa|Devanampiya Tissa]]. During this time, a sapling of the [[Bodhi Tree]] was brought to Sri Lanka and the first monasteries and Buddhist monuments were established.[[File:The former President of Sri Lanka, Mr. Mahinda Rajapaksa meeting the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, in New Delhi on September 12, 2018.JPG|thumb|The Former President of Sri Lanka, at [[7, Lok Kalyan Marg|Prime Minister's Residence]], [[New Delhi]] with [[PM Narendra Modi]] {{small|(2018)}}]]Nevertheless, relations [[Independence of Sri Lanka|post-independence]] were affected by the [[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]] and by the failure of [[Indian Peace Keeping Force|Indian intervention]] during the civil war as well as India's support for Tamil Tiger militants. India is Sri Lanka's only neighbour, separated by the [[Palk Strait]]; both nations occupy a strategic position in South Asia and have sought to build a common security umbrella in the Indian Ocean.<ref name="SRI">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/735963.stm India's Sri Lankan scars] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180916164359/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/735963.stm |date=16 September 2018 }}. BBC News (4 May 2000). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>

India-Sri Lanka relations have undergone a qualitative and quantitative transformation in the recent past. Political relations are close, trade and investments have increased dramatically, infrastructural linkages are constantly being augmented, defence collaboration has increased and there is a general, broad-based improvement across all sectors of bilateral cooperation. India was the first country to respond to Sri Lanka's request for assistance after the tsunami in December 2004. In July 2006, India evacuated 430 Sri Lankan nationals from Lebanon, first to Cyprus by Indian Navy ships and then to Delhi and Colombo by special Air India flights.

There exists a broad consensus within the Sri Lankan polity on the primacy of India in Sri Lanka's external relations matrix. Both the major political parties in Sri Lanka, the [[Sri Lanka Freedom Party]] and the [[United Nationalist Party]] have contributed to the rapid development of bilateral relations in the last ten years. Sri Lanka has supported India's candidature to the permanent membership of the UN Security Council.<ref>[http://mea.gov.in/foreignrelation/srilanka.htm Brief on India-Sri Lanka Relations], Ministry of External Affairs (BSM Division: Sri Lanka)</ref>

[[File:Map of India WV.svg|thumb|India and its neighbor countries.|left]]

;SAARC
Certain aspects of India's relations within the subcontinent are conducted through the [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation]] (SAARC). Its members other than India are [[Afghanistan]], [[Bangladesh]], [[Bhutan]], [[Maldives]], [[Nepal]], [[Pakistan]] and [[Sri Lanka]]. Established in 1985, SAARC encourages cooperation in agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, health, population control, narcotics control and anti-terrorism.

SAARC has intentionally stressed these "core issues" and avoided more divisive political issues, although the political dialogue is often conducted on the margins of SAARC meetings. In 1993, India and its SAARC partners signed an agreement to gradually lower tariffs within the region. Forward movement in SAARC has come to a standstill because of the tension between India and Pakistan, and the SAARC Summit originally scheduled for, but not held in, November 1999 has not been rescheduled. The Fourteenth SAARC Summit was held during 3–4 April 2007 in New Delhi. The 19th SAARC summit that was scheduled to be held in Islamabad [[19th SAARC summit|was cancelled]] due to terrorist acts, particularly the [[2016 Uri attack|Uri attack]].

[[File:Members of BIMSTEC.svg|thumb|Members of BIMSTEC.]]
;BIMSTEC
[[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation]] is now an "organization of member states" that are littorals of the Bay of Bengal or adjacent to it. The BIMSTEC member states – Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand – are among the major South and Southeast Asia countries dependent on the [[Bay of Bengal]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Mostofa |first=Shafi Md |title=BIMSTEC Gets a New Lease of Life |url=https://thediplomat.com/2022/04/bimstec-gets-a-new-lease-of-life/ |publisher=The Diplomat |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-date=4 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604173042/https://thediplomat.com/2022/04/bimstec-gets-a-new-lease-of-life/ |url-status=live }}</ref> India and some other countries, frustrated by the obstacles in SAARC's efforts to promote regional cooperation, have been working to make BIMSTEC the premier vehicle in this regard.<ref>{{cite web |title=BIMSTEC gets a makeover as SAARC fails to show promise |url=https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/bimstec-gets-a-makeover-as-saarc-fails-to-show-promise-382144 |work=The Tribune |access-date=8 May 2022 |archive-date=8 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508174537/https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/nation/bimstec-gets-a-makeover-as-saarc-fails-to-show-promise-382144 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Southeast ===
;Brunei
{{main|Brunei–India relations}}
[[Brunei]] has a high commission in [[New Delhi]], and India has a high commission in [[Bandar Seri Begawan]]. Both countries are full members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]].

;Cambodia
{{main|Cambodia–India relations}}
Both nations have been in friendly relations.[[File:Sukarno with children and Nehru.jpg|thumb|upright=0.8|[[Jawaharlal Nehru]] and his daughter [[Indira Gandhi]] with [[Sukarno]], [[Megawati Sukarnoputri]] and [[Guruh Sukarnoputra]], Indonesia, 1950.|240x240px|left]]
;Indonesia
{{Main|India–Indonesia relations}}

The ties between Indonesia and India date back to the times of the [[Ramayana]],<ref>[http://www.melali-indonesia-tours.in/bollywood.php Ramayana to Bollywood, Indonesia Loves India] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180831124741/http://melali-indonesia-tours.in/bollywood.php |date=31 August 2018 }}. Melali-indonesia-tours.in. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> "Yawadvipa" ([[Java]]) is mentioned in India's earliest epic, the Ramayana. Sugriva, the chief of [[Rama]]'s army dispatched his men to Yawadvipa, the island of Java, in search of [[Sita]].<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9ic4BjWFmNIC&pg=PA465 |title=History of Ancient India |last=Kapur |first=Kamlesh |publisher=Sterling Publishers |isbn=9788120749108 |year=2010 |page=465 |access-date=27 June 2016 |archive-date=26 March 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326195009/https://books.google.com/books?id=9ic4BjWFmNIC&pg=PA465 |url-status=live }}</ref> Indonesians had absorbed many aspects of Indian culture since almost two millennia ago. The most obvious trace is the large [[List of loanwords in Indonesian#From Sanskrit|adoption of Sanskrit into the Indonesian language]]. Several Indonesian [[toponymy]] has Indian parallel or origin, such as [[Madura]] with [[Mathura]], [[Serayu]] and [[Sarayu River (Ayodhya)|Sarayu]] rivers, [[Kalingga]] from [[Kalinga (historical kingdom)|Kalinga Kingdom]], and [[Yogyakarta|Ngayogyakarta]] from [[Ayodhya]]. Indianised [[Hindu]]–[[Buddhism|Buddhist]] kingdoms, such as [[Kalingga]], [[Srivijaya]], [[Mataram Kingdom|Mataram]], [[Sunda Kingdom|Sunda]], [[Kediri (historical kingdom)|Kadiri]], [[Singhasari]] and [[Majapahit]] were the predominant governments in Indonesia, and lasted from 200<ref>{{cite web |url=http://daceband.com/read_blog/20112/indonesia |title=Daceband.com |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150221170706/http://daceband.com/read_blog/20112/indonesia |archive-date=21 February 2015 }}</ref> to the 1500s, with the last remaining being in [[Bali]]. An example of profound Hindu-Buddhist influences in [[History of Indonesia|Indonesian history]] is the 9th-century [[Prambanan]] and [[Borobudur]] temples.[[File:Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Indonesia President Joko Widodo address the media in Jakarta, 2018.jpg|thumb|PM Narendra Modi meets Indonesian President [[Joko Widodo]], in Jakarta {{small|(2018)}}]]In 1950, the first President of Indonesia – [[Sukarno]] called upon the peoples of Indonesia and India to "intensify the cordial relations" that had existed between the two countries "for more than 1000 years" before they had been "disrupted" by colonial powers.<ref>Foreign Policy of India: Text of Documents 1947–59 (p.54)</ref> In the spring of 1966, the foreign ministers of both countries began speaking again of an era of friendly relations. India had supported Indonesian independence and Nehru had raised the Indonesian question in the [[United Nations Security Council]].

India has an embassy in Jakarta<ref>[http://www.embassyofindiajakarta.org/ Embassy of India in Jakarta] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180809200704/http://embassyofindiajakarta.org/ |date=9 August 2018 }}. Embassyofindiajakarta.org. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> and Indonesia operates an embassy in Delhi.<ref>[http://www.indonesianembassy.org.in/ Indonesian Embassies] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081021194537/http://www.indonesianembassy.org.in/ |date=21 October 2008 }}. Indonesianembassy.org.in. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> India regards Indonesia as a key member of [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]]. Today, both countries maintain cooperative and friendly relations. India and Indonesia are one of the few (and also one of the largest) [[democracy|democracies]] in the Asian region which can be projected as a real democracy.<ref>[https://www.scribd.com/doc/19229647/IndiaIndonesia-Strategic-Partnership India-Indonesia Strategic Partnership] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131227204759/http://www.scribd.com/doc/19229647/IndiaIndonesia-Strategic-Partnership |date=27 December 2013 }}. Scribd.com. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2022}} Both nations had agreed to establish a strategic partnership.<ref>[http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/bhaskar-balakrishnan/article1143458.ece Getting closer to Indonesia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160101034901/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/bhaskar-balakrishnan/article1143458.ece |date=1 January 2016 }}. ''Business Line''. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> As fellow Asian democracies that share common values, it is natural for both countries to nurture and foster strategic alliances. Indonesia and India are member states of the [[G-20 major economies|G-20]], the E7, the [[Non-Aligned Movement]], and the United Nations.

;Laos
{{main|India–Laos relations}}

In recent years, India has endeavoured to build relations, with this small [[Southeast Asia]]n nation. They have strong military relations, and India shall be building an Airforce Academy in Laos.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/india-to-set-up-air-force-academy-in-laos/355204/ |title=India to set up Air Force Academy in Laos |work=The Indian Express |location=India |date=30 August 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=5 June 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200605155641/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/india-to-set-up-air-force-academy-in-laos/355204 |url-status=live }}</ref>[[File:Stamp of India - 1981 - Colnect 208638 - IOCOM Submarine Telephone Cable.jpeg|thumb|Stamp of India - IOCOM Submarine Telephone Cable]]
;Malaysia
{{main|India–Malaysia relations}}

India has a high commission in [[Kuala Lumpur]], and Malaysia has a high commission in New Delhi. Both countries are full members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]] and the [[Asia Cooperation Dialogue|Asian Union]]. India and Malaysia are also connected by various cultural and historical ties that date back to antiquity. The two countries are on friendly terms with each other and Malaysia harbours a small population of [[Malaysian Indian|Indian immigrants]]. [[Mahathir Mohamad|Mahathir bin Mohamad]] the fourth and longest-serving Prime Minister of Malaysia is of Indian origin. His father Mohamad Iskandar, is a Malayalee Muslim who migrated from [[Kerala]] and his mother Wan Tampawan, is a [[Ethnic Malays|Malay]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Mahathir: Riwayat Gagah Berani |first=J. Victor |last=Morais|author-link=John Victor Morais |translator=Abdul Razak bin Haji Abdul Rahman |publisher=Arenabuku |year=1982 |pages=1–Kuasa Yang Merjudikan Seorang Budak Itu Bewasa, Bab 1}}</ref>

Relations escalated when the Malaysian PM Mahathir Mohamad questioned the action of [[Revocation of the special status of Jammu and Kashmir|revocating the special status of Jammu and Kashmir]] and on [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|CAA-NRC protests]]. The relations continue to be diminished, also during the palm oil export from Malaysia to India.

Even with the [[2020 Malaysian political crisis|new government in power]], currently, there seems no recovery, as former [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]] [[Mahathir Mohamad]] still favored Pakistan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/world/mahathir-admits-malaysias-ties-with-india-strained-due-to-his-kashmir-remarks-6545011/|title=Mahathir admits Malaysia's ties with India strained due to his Kashmir remarks|access-date=7 August 2020|work=The Indian Express|archive-date=8 August 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200808020846/https://indianexpress.com/article/world/mahathir-admits-malaysias-ties-with-india-strained-due-to-his-kashmir-remarks-6545011/|url-status=live}}</ref>

;Myanmar
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi calling on the President of Myanmar, Mr. U. Thein Sein, at Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar on November 11, 2014 (1).jpg|thumb|[[Prime Minister of India|The Prime Minister]], [[Narendra Modi|Shri Narendra Modi]] calling on the [[President of Myanmar]], [[Thein Sein|Mr. U. Thein Sein]], at [[Naypyidaw|Nay Pyi Taw]], [[Myanmar]] on November 11, 2014]]
{{Main|India–Myanmar relations}}
India established diplomatic relations after Burma's independence from Great Britain in 1948. For many years, Indo-Burmese relations were strong due to cultural links, flourishing commerce, common interests in regional affairs and the presence of a significant [[Burmese Indians|Indian community]] in Burma.<ref name="VJ">[https://web.archive.org/web/20010522142628/http://atimes.com/reports/CB21Ai01.html#top5 Burma shows India the road to Southeast Asia]. ''Asia Times''. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> India provided considerable support when Myanmar struggled with regional [[insurgency|insurgencies]]. However, the overthrow of the democratic government by the [[Military of Burma]] led to strains in ties. Along with much of the world, India condemned the suppression of democracy and Myanmar ordered the [[Burmese Indians|expulsion]] of the Burmese Indian community, increasing its [[isolationism|isolation from the world]].<ref name="VJ" /><ref name="VQR">[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE4DA163AF937A15754C0A96E948260 Years of Isolation Produced Intensely Poor Nation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081217020354/http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=940DE4DA163AF937A15754C0A96E948260 |date=17 December 2008 }}. New York Times (24 July 1988). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> Only China maintained close links with Myanmar while India supported the [[National League for Democracy|pro-democracy movement]].<ref name="VJ" /><ref name="G">Bhaumik, Subir. (26 September 2007) [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7013975.stm India-Burma ties] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021192313/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7013975.stm |date=21 October 2020 }}. BBC News. Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref><ref>[http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe_full_story.php?content_id=42065 Realism in India-Burma relations] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130515034744/http://www.financialexpress.com/old/fe_full_story.php?content_id=42065 |date=15 May 2013 }}. Financialexpress.com (15 September 2003). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>[[File:The Prime_Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the State Counsellor of Myanmar, Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi at the Joint Press Statement, at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on October 19, 2016 (3).jpg|thumb|The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi and the State Counsellor of Myanmar, [[Aung San Suu Kyi|Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi]] at the Joint Press Statement, at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on 19 October 2016.]]

However, due to geopolitical concerns, India revived its relations and recognised the [[military junta]] ruling Myanmar in 1993, overcoming strains over drug trafficking, the suppression of democracy and the rule of the [[State Peace and Development Council|military junta]] in Myanmar. Myanmar is situated to the south of the states of [[Mizoram]], [[Manipur]], [[Nagaland]] and [[Arunachal Pradesh]] in [[Northeast India]]. and the proximity of the People's Republic of China gives strategic importance to Indo-Burmese relations. The Indo-Burmese border stretches over 1,600 kilometers<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.atimes.com/reports/CB21Ai01.html#top5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010522142628/http://atimes.com/reports/CB21Ai01.html#top5 |url-status=unfit |archive-date=22 May 2001 |title=Asia Times: Myanmar shows India the road to Southeast Asia |access-date=21 February 2015}}</ref> and some insurgents in [[North-east India]] seek refuge in Myanmar. Consequently, India has been keen on increasing military cooperation with Myanmar in its counter-insurgency activities. In 2001, the [[Indian Army]] completed the construction of a major road along its border with Myanmar. India has also been building major roads, highways, ports and pipelines within Myanmar in an attempt to increase its strategic influence in the region and also to counter China's growing strides in the [[Indochina]] peninsula. Indian companies have also sought active participation in oil and natural gas exploration in Myanmar. In February 2007, India announced a plan to develop the [[Sittwe]] port, which would enable ocean access from Indian Northeastern states like [[Mizoram]], via the [[Kaladan River]].

India is a major customer of Burmese oil and gas. In 2007, Indian exports to Myanmar totaled US$185 million, while its imports from Myanmar were valued at around US$810 million, consisting mostly of oil and gas.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kanglaonline.com/index.php?template=kshow&kid=1374 |title=Why India shifts its policy on Burma :: KanglaOnline ~ Your Gateway |publisher=Kanglaonline.com |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216135458/http://www.kanglaonline.com/index.php?template=kshow&kid=1374 |archive-date=16 December 2008 |url-status=dead }}</ref> India has granted US$100 million credit to fund highway infrastructure projects in Myanmar, while US$57 million has been offered to upgrade Burmese railways. A further US$27 million in grants has been pledged for road and rail projects.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081105/jsp/opinion/story_10057616.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216140027/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1081105/jsp/opinion/story_10057616.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=16 December 2008 |title=The Telegraph – Calcutta (Kolkata) {{pipe}} Opinion {{pipe}} The absent neighbour |work=The Telegraph |location=Kolkota, India |date=5 November 2008 |access-date=1 August 2010 |first=Krishnan |last=Srinivasan}}</ref> India is one of the few countries that has provided military assistance to the Burmese junta.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/radio-australia/categories/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141806/http://www.abc.net.au/ra/news/stories/200804/s2206676.htm|url-status=dead|title=Categories|archive-date=16 December 2008|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation}}</ref> However, there has been increasing pressure on India to cut some of its military supplies to Burma.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.innercitypress.com/un1att102108.html |title=Investigative Reporting from the United Nations |publisher=Inner City Press |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=13 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110713044049/http://www.innercitypress.com/un1att102108.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Relations between the two remain close which was evident in the aftermath of [[Cyclone Nargis]], when India was one of the few countries whose relief and rescue aid proposals were accepted by Myanmar's junta.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/14/AR2008051400506_pf.html |title=Burma to Allow 160 Asian Aid Workers |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=14 May 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=11 November 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121111053826/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/14/AR2008051400506_pf.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

India maintains embassies in Rangoon and consulate generals in Mandalay.[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2009_-_Colnect_271465_-_Ganges_River_Dolphin_Platanista_gangetica_Whale_Shark_Rh.jpeg|thumb|Stamp of Ganges River Dolphin (''Platanista gangetica'') and Whale Shark (''Rhincodon typus''), 2009, India-Philippines joint issue.|left]]
;Philippines
{{main|India–Philippines relations}}
Through the [[Srivijaya]] and [[Majapahit]] empires, [[Hinduism in the Philippines|Hindu influence]] has been visible in Philippine history from the 10th to 14th centuries. During the 18th century, there was robust trade between Manila with the [[Coromandel Coast]] and Bengal, involving Philippine exports of tobacco, silk, cotton, indigo, sugar cane and coffee.
[[File:Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Philippines President Rodrigo Roa Duterte meeting in Manila, 2017 (1).jpg|thumb|Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Philippines President Rodrigo Roa Duterte meeting in Manila, 2017]]Formal diplomatic relations between the Philippines and India were established on 16 November 1949. The first Philippine envoy to India was the late Foreign Secretary Narciso Ramos. Seven years after India's independence in 1947, the Philippines and India signed a Treaty of Friendship on 11 July 1952 in Manila to strengthen the friendly relations existing between the two countries. Soon after, the Philippine Legation in New Delhi was established and then elevated to an embassy. However, due to foreign policy differences as a result of the bipolar alliance structure of the Cold War, the development of bilateral relations was stunted. It was only in 1976 that relations started to normalise when [[Aditya Vikram Birla|Aditya Birla]], one of India's successful industrialists, met with then-President Ferdinand E. Marcos to explore possibilities of setting up joint ventures in the Philippines.

Today, like India, the Philippines is the leading voice-operated business process outsourcing (BPO) source in terms of revenue (US$5.7) and number of people (500,000) employed in the sector. In partnership with the Philippines, India has 20 IT/BPO companies in the Philippines. Philippines-India bilateral trade stood at US$986.60 million in 2009. In 2004 it was US$600 million. Both countries aim to reach US$1 billion by 2010. 60,000 Indians are living in the Philippines. The Philippines and India signed in October 2007 the Framework for Bilateral Cooperation which created the PH-India JCBC. It has working groups in trade, agriculture, tourism, health, and renewable energy, a regular policy consultation mechanism and security dialogue.[[File:RSS Formidable (68) and INS Brahmaputra (F 31).jpg|thumb|Singapore Navy frigate RSS ''Formidable'' (68) steams alongside the [[Indian Navy]] frigate INS ''Brahmaputra'' (F-31) in the Bay of Bengal. Singapore is one of India's strongest allies in South East Asia.]]
;Singapore
{{Main|India–Singapore relations}}

India and Singapore share long-standing cultural, commercial and strategic relations, with Singapore being a part of the "[[Greater India]]" cultural and commercial region. More than 300,000 people of Indian Tamil "[[தமிழ்]]" origin live in Singapore. Following its independence in 1965, Singapore was concerned with China-backed communist threats as well as domination from Malaysia and Indonesia and sought a close strategic relationship with India, which it saw as a counterbalance to [[People's Republic of China|Chinese influence]] and a partner in achieving regional security.<ref name="SO">{{cite web |title=IPCS Special Report – India-Singapore Relations |url=http://www.ipcs.org/IPCS-Special-Report-41.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070606205724/http://www.ipcs.org/IPCS-Special-Report-41.pdf |archive-date=6 June 2007 |publisher=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies |access-date=18 June 2008}}</ref> Singapore had always been an important strategic trading post, giving India trade access to [[Maritime Southeast Asia]] and the Far East. Although the rival positions of both nations over the [[Vietnam War]] and the [[Cold War]] caused consternation between India and Singapore, their relationship expanded significantly in the 1990s;<ref name="SO"/> Singapore was one of the first to respond to the [[Indian Look East policy]] of expanding its economic, cultural and strategic ties in Southeast Asia to strengthen its standing as a [[regional power]].<ref name="SO"/> Singapore, and especially, the Singaporean Foreign Minister, [[George Yeo]], have taken an interest, in re-establishing the ancient Indian university, [[Nalanda University]].{{multiple image
| align = left
| image1 = Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 637813 - Istana.jpeg
| width1 = 160
| image2 = Stamp of India - 2015 - Colnect 637814 - Rashtrapathi Bhavan.jpeg
| width2 = 160
| footer = India Singapore Joint Issue - 2015 - Commemorating relationship.
| caption1 = [[The Istana]]
| caption2 = [[Rashtrapati Bhavan]]
}}

Singapore is the 8th largest source of investment in India and the largest among ASEAN member nations.<ref name="SO"/><ref name="J">{{cite web |title=India-Singapore Economic and Commercial Relations |url=http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/singapore/singapore-commercialrelations.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070219015332/http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/singapore/singapore-commercialrelations.htm |archive-date=19 February 2007 |publisher=[[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] |access-date=18 June 2008}}</ref> It is also India's 9th biggest trading partner as of 2005–06.<ref name="SO"/> Its cumulative investment in India totals US$3 billion as of 2006 and is expected to rise to US$5 billion by 2010 and US$10 billion by 2015.<ref name="SO"/><ref name="O">{{cite web |title=India, Singapore ink pact |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/GG02Df03.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050703001651/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/South_Asia/GG02Df03.html |url-status=unfit |archive-date=3 July 2005 |work=[[Asia Times]] |date=2 July 2005 |access-date=18 June 2008}}</ref><ref name="GV">{{cite web |title=India, Singapore trade to touch $50 bn by 2010 |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/06/30/stories/2005063002400700.htm |work=[[Business Line]] |location=India |date=30 June 2005 |access-date=18 June 2008 |archive-date=16 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216142201/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2005/06/30/stories/2005063002400700.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Economic liberalisation in India|India's economic liberalisation]] and its "Look East" policy have led to a major expansion in bilateral trade, which grew from US$2.2 billion in 2001 to US$9–10 billion in 2006 – a 400% growth in five years – and to US$50 billion by 2010.<ref name="SO"/><ref name="O"/><ref name="GV"/> Singapore accounts for 38% of India's trade with ASEAN member nations and 3.4% of its total foreign trade.<ref name="SO"/> India's main exports to Singapore in 2005 included petroleum, gemstones, jewellery, and machinery and its imports from Singapore included electronic goods, organic chemicals and metals. More than half of Singapore's exports to India are basically "re-exports" – items that had been imported from India.<ref name="SO"/><ref name="J"/>

;Thailand
{{Main|India–Thailand relations}}
[[File:Emerald Buddha Temple - 2017-06-11 (073).jpg|thumb| The mural of the Temple of the Emerald Buddha depicting Ninlaphat (Nila in Ramayana) a monkey soldier, serves as a bridge during an event in [[Ramakien]] ("Glory of Rama"), a Thai version of the Hindu epic [[Ramayana]].]]

India's [[Indian Look East policy]], saw India grow relations with [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations|ASEAN]] countries including Thailand, and Thailand's Look West policy, also saw it grow its relations with India. Both countries are members of [[Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation|BIMSTEC]]. Indian Prime Ministers [[Rajiv Gandhi]], [[P.V. Narasimha Rao]], [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]], and [[Manmohan Singh]], have visited Thailand, which was reciprocated by contemporary Thai Prime Ministers [[Chatichai Choonhavan]], [[Thaksin Sinawatra]], and [[Surayud Chulanont]]. In 2003, a [[Free trade area|Free Trade Agreement]] was signed between the two countries. India is the 13th largest investor in Thailand. The spheres of trade are in [[chemicals]], [[pharmaceuticals]], textiles, nylon, tyre cord, real estate, rayon fibres, paper-grade pulps, steel wires, and rods. However, [[IT service management|IT services]], and manufacturing, are the main spheres. Through Buddhism, India has culturally influenced Thailand. The Indian epics, [[Mahabharata]], and [[Ramayana]], are popular and are widely taught in schools as part of the curriculum in Thailand. The example can also be seen in temples around Thailand, where the story of Ramayana and renowned Indian folk stories are depicted on the temple wall. Thailand has become a big tourist destination for Indians.

Moreover, India and Thailand have been culturally linked for centuries and India has had a deep influence on Thai culture. There are a substantial number of words in Thai that are borrowed from Sanskrit, India's classical language. Pali, which was the language of Magadha and is a medium of Theravada, is another important root of Thai vocabulary. Buddhism, the major religion of Thailand, itself originates from India. The Hindu story of Ramayana is also well known throughout Thailand in the name Ramakien.

;Timor-Leste
{{main|East Timor–India relations}}
Both nations have friendly and collateral relations.[[File:Jawaharlal Nehru with Ho Chi Minh.jpg|thumb|Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru (left) and Vietnamese President Ho Chi Minh in Hanoi]]

;Vietnam
{{Main|India–Vietnam relations}}
India supported Vietnam's independence from France, opposed US involvement in the [[Vietnam War]] and supported the unification of Vietnam. India established official diplomatic relations in 1972 and maintained friendly relations, especially in the wake of Vietnam's hostile relations with the People's Republic of China, which had become India's strategic rival.<ref name="IPCS">{{cite web |title=India and Vietnam in changing East Asia |url=http://ipcs.org/southeastasia_publications2.jsp?action=showView&kValue=2278&country=1016&status=article&mod=a |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070607034939/http://www.ipcs.org/southeastasia_publications2.jsp?action=showView&kValue=2278&country=1016&status=article&mod=a |archive-date=7 June 2007 |publisher=Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies |access-date=16 June 2008}}</ref>

India granted the "[[Most favoured nation]]" status to Vietnam in 1975<ref name="IPCS"/> and both nations signed a bilateral trade agreement in 1978 and the Bilateral Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (BIPPA) on 8 March 1997.<ref name="FCCI">{{cite web |title=India – Vietnam Economic and Commercial Relations |url=http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/vietnam/vietnamcommercialrelation.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071210040001/http://ficci.com/international/countries/vietnam/vietnamcommercialrelation.htm |archive-date=10 December 2007 |publisher=[[Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry]] |access-date=16 June 2008}}</ref> In 2007, a fresh joint declaration was issued during the state visit of the [[Prime Minister of Vietnam]] [[Nguyen Tan Dung]].<ref name="VN">{{cite web |title=Vietnam, India issue joint declaration on strategic partnership |url=http://english.vietnamnet.vn/politics/2007/07/715169/ |publisher=VietNamNet Bridge |access-date=16 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141740/http://english.vietnamnet.vn/politics/2007/07/715169/ |archive-date=16 December 2008}}</ref> Bilateral trade has increased rapidly since the liberalisation of the economies of both Vietnam and India.<ref name="IPCS"/> India is the 13th-largest exporter to Vietnam, with exports having grown steadily from US$11.5 million in 1985–86 to US$395.68 million by 2003.<ref name="FCCI"/> Vietnam's exports to India rose to US$180 million, including agricultural products, handicrafts, textiles, electronics and other goods.<ref name="IV">{{cite web |title=India-Vietnam: Developing a Strategic Partnership |url=http://www.asianaffairs.com/may2008/cdrfiles/india_vietnam.pdf. |format=PDF |publisher=Asian Affairs |access-date=16 June 2008 |archive-date=31 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200731185423/http://www.asianaffairs.com/may2008/cdrfiles/india_vietnam.pdf. |url-status=live }}</ref> Between 2001 and 2006, the volume of bilateral trade expanded at 20–30% per annum to reach $1 billion by 2006.<ref name="HL">{{cite news |title=Vietnam favours FTA with India |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/07/stories/2007070761171600.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071017114352/http://hindu.com/2007/07/07/stories/2007070761171600.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 October 2007 |date=7 July 2007 |access-date=16 June 2008 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref name="HTA">{{cite web |title=Vietnam PM urges greater trade ties with India |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/07/07/stories/2007070752021000.htm |date=7 July 2007 |work=[[Business Line]] |location=India |access-date=16 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216142207/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2007/07/07/stories/2007070752021000.htm |archive-date=16 December 2008 |url-status=dead  }}</ref> Continuing the rapid pace of growth, bilateral trade is expected to rise to $2 billion by 2008, two years ahead of the official target.<ref name="HTA"/><ref name="VL">{{cite web |title=Trade with India to reach US $2 billion in 2008 |url=http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/05/trade-with-india-to-reach-us2-billion.html |date=3 May 2008 |publisher=Vietnam Business Finance |access-date=16 June 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080505072912/http://www.vnbusinessnews.com/2008/05/trade-with-india-to-reach-us2-billion.html |archive-date=5 May 2008 }}</ref> India and Vietnam have also expanded cooperation in information technology, education and collaboration of the respective national [[space program]]mes.<ref name="VN"/> Direct air links and lax [[visa (document)|visa]] regulations have been established to bolster tourism.<ref>{{cite web |title=India, Vietnam to start direct flights |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/10/18/stories/2004101801780500.htm |work=[[Business Line]] |location=India |date=18 October 2004 |access-date=16 June 2008 |archive-date=28 September 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928085100/http://www.thehindubusinessline.in/2004/10/18/stories/2004101801780500.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>
[[File:The Acting Chairman, President & CEO of Petro, Vietnam, Dr. Phung Dinh Thuc and the Managing Director, OVL.jpg|thumb|Bilateral signing ceremony in 2011]]
India and Vietnam are members of the [[Mekong–Ganga Cooperation]], created to develop to enhance close ties between India and nations of Southeast Asia. Vietnam has supported India's bid to become a permanent member of the [[United Nations Security Council]] and join the [[Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation|Indo-Pacific Economic Cooperation]] (APEC).<ref name="HL2">{{cite web |title=Vietnam backs India for APEC membership |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/11/08/stories/0308000c.htm |work=The Hindu |location=India |date=7 November 2000 |access-date=16 June 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216135044/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2000/11/08/stories/0308000c.htm |archive-date=16 December 2008 |url-status=usurped  }}</ref> In the 2003 joint declaration, India and Vietnam envisaged creating an "Arc of Advantage and Prosperity" in Southeast Asia;<ref name="VN"/> to this end, Vietnam has backed a more important relationship and role between India and the [[Association of Southeast Asian Nations]] (ASEAN) and its negotiation of an Indo–ASEAN [[Free trade area|free trade agreement]].<ref name="IPCS"/><ref name="VN"/> India and Vietnam have also built strategic partnerships, including extensive cooperation in developing [[nuclear power]], enhancing regional security and fighting terrorism, [[transnational crime]] and drug trafficking.<ref>{{cite news |title=India, Vietnam sign MoU for bilateral cooperation on security |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/India_Vietnam_sign_MoU_for_bilateral_cooperation_on_security/articleshow/2895191.cms |date=24 March 2008 |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=India |access-date=16 June 2008 |archive-date=20 August 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200820013725/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/India_Vietnam_sign_MoU_for_bilateral_cooperation_on_security/articleshow/2895191.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="VN"/><ref name="IV"/>

;ASEAN
India's interaction with [[ASEAN]] during the Cold War was very limited. India declined to get associated with ASEAN in the 1960s when full membership was offered even before the grouping was formed.<ref name="indianmba.com"/>

It is only with the formulation of the Look East policy in the last decade (1992), India started giving this region due importance in the foreign policy. India became a sectoral dialogue partner with ASEAN in 1992, a full dialogue partner in 1995, a member of the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) in 1996, and a summit-level partner (on par with China, Japan and Korea) in 2002.

The first India–ASEAN Business Summit was held in New Delhi in October 2002. The then Prime Minister [[A B Vajpayee|A. B. Vajpayee]] addressed this meeting and since then this business summit has become an annual feature before the India–ASEAN Summits, as a forum for networking and exchange of business experiences between policymakers and business leaders from ASEAN and India.

Four India-ASEAN Summits, first in 2002 at Phnom Penh (Cambodia), second in 2003 at Bali, Indonesia, third in 2004 at Vientiane, Laos, and the fourth in 2005 at Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, have taken place.
[[File:Stamp_of_India_-_2018_-_Colnect_760545_-_ASEAN_India_Summit_Delhi_2018_-_Shared_Heritage_of_Ramayana.jpeg|thumb|Stamp of India - ASEAN India Summit Delhi 2018 - Shared Heritage of Ramayana.]]
The following agreements have been entered into with ASEAN:
* Framework Agreement on Comprehensive Economic Cooperation (for establishing an FTA in a time frame of 10 years) was concluded in Bali in 2003.
* An ASEAN-India Joint Declaration for Cooperation to Combat International Terrorism has been adopted.
* India acceded to the Treaty of Amity and Cooperation (TAC) in 2003, on which ASEAN was formed initially (in 1967).
* The agreement on "India-ASEAN Partnership for Peace, Progress and Shared Prosperity" was signed at the 3rd ASEAN-India Summit in November 2004.
* Setting up of Entrepreneurship Development Centres in ASEAN member states – Cambodia, Burma, Laos, and Vietnam. (The one in Laos is already functional)

The following proposals were announced by the Prime Minister at the 4th ASEAN-India Summit:
* Setting up centres for English Language Training (ELT) in Cambodia, Laos, Burma and Vietnam.
* Setting up a telemedicine and tele-education network for Cambodia, Burma, Laos and Vietnam.
* Organising special training courses for diplomats from ASEAN countries.
* Organising an India-ASEAN Technology Summit in 2006.
* Organising education fairs and road shows in ASEAN countries.
* Conducting an India-ASEAN IT Ministerial and Industry Forum in 2006.

The ASEAN region has an abundance of natural resources and significant technological skills. These provide a natural base for the integration between ASEAN and India in both trade and investment. The present level of bilateral trade with ASEAN of nearly US$18 billion is reportedly increasing by about 25% per year. India hopes to reach the level of US$30 billion by 2007. India is also improving its relations with the help of other policy decisions like offers of lines of credit, better connectivity through the air (open skies policy), and rail and road links.<ref name="indianmba.com"/>

===West===
;Armenia
{{main|Armenia–India relations}}

India established diplomatic relations with Armenia in December 1992. It wasn't recognised by some countries including Pakistan, which most of the nations did. As of the earliest days of the silk route, there have been strong cultural, moral and ancient other traditional relations among the nations. It fully supports India's bid for a permanent seat in [[United Nations Security Council|UNSC]] and even completely supports India on [[Kashmir conflict]]s. There exists a small community of [[Armenians in India]] while there is also a small community of Indians.

;Azerbaijan
{{main|Azerbaijan–India relations}}

India has an embassy in [[Baku]] and Azerbaijan has an embassy in [[New Delhi]]. Both have been connected through ancient cultural links and trade routes (especially the [[Silk Road|Silk Route]]).

;Bahrain
{{Main|Bahrain–India relations}}
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the Foreign Minister of Bahrain, Shaikh Khalid Bin Mohamed Al Khalifa, in New Delhi on February 23, 2015.jpg|thumb|The [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]], [[Narendra Modi|Shri Narendra Modi]] meeting the Foreign Minister of Bahrain, Shaikh Khalid Bin Mohamed Al Khalifa, in New Delhi on February 23, 2015]]
India is a close ally of Bahrain, the Kingdom along with its GCC partners are (according to Indian officials) among the most prominent backers of India's bid for a permanent seat on the UN Security Council,<ref>'India against Security Council membership without veto', Web India, 29 December 2004</ref> and Bahraini officials have urged India to play a greater role in international affairs. For instance, over concerns about Iran's nuclear programme Bahrain's Crown Prince appealed to India to play an active role in resolving the crisis.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article2789056.ece Bahrain accuses Iran of nuclear weapons lie]{{dead link|date=September 2024|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} [[The Times]], 2 November 2007</ref>

Ties between India and Bahrain go back generations, with many of Bahrain's most prominent figures having close connections: poet and constitutionalist [[Ebrahim Al-Arrayedh]] grew up in Bombay, while 17th-century Bahraini theologians Sheikh [[Salih Al-Karzakani]] and Sheikh Ja'far bin Kamal al-Din were influential figures in the Kingdom of [[Golkonda]]<ref>Juan Cole, [https://books.google.com/books?id=ntarP5hrza0C&pg=PA45 Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam], IB Tauris, 2002 p. 45</ref> and the development of Shia thought in the sub-continent.

Bahraini politicians have sought to enhance these long-standing ties, with Parliamentary Speaker [[Khalifa Al Dhahrani]] in 2007 leading a delegation of parliamentarians and business leaders to meet the then Indian President [[Pratibha Patil]], the then opposition leader [[L K Advani]], and take part in training and media interviews.<ref>[http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=201397 MPs on goodwill visit to India...] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110608114202/http://www.gulf-daily-news.com/NewsDetails.aspx?storyid=201397 |date=8 June 2011 }} Gulf Daily News, 29 November 2007</ref> Politically, it is easier for Bahrain's politicians to seek training and advice from India than it is from the United States or other Western alternatives.

Adding further strength to the ties, [[Sheikh Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa]] visited India during which MOUs and bilateral deals worth $450 million were approved.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/bahrain-seeks-to-boost-ties-with-india-during-king-hamad-al-khalifa-s-first-visit-485144 |title=Bahrain seeks to boost ties with India during King Hamad Al Khalifa's first visit |work=NDTV.com |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=1 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140301161743/http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/bahrain-seeks-to-boost-ties-with-india-during-king-hamad-al-khalifa-s-first-visit-485144 |url-status=live }}</ref> India expressed its support for Bahrain's bid for a non-permanent seat in the [[United Nations Security Council|UNSC]] in 2026–27.<ref>{{cite news |title=India, Bahrain to back each other for UN seat |url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/india-bahrain-to-back-each-other-for-un-seat/article1-461854.aspx |newspaper=Hindustan Times |access-date=21 February 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140313025500/http://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/india-bahrain-to-back-each-other-for-un-seat/article1-461854.aspx |archive-date=13 March 2014 }}</ref>

;Cyprus
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the President of the Republic of Cyprus, Mr. Nicos Anastasiades, at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on April 28, 2017 (1).jpg|thumb|The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi meeting the [[President of Cyprus|President of the Republic of Cyprus]], [[Nicos Anastasiades|Mr. Nicos Anastasiades]], at Hyderabad House, in New Delhi on April 28, 2017 ]]
{{main|Cyprus–India relations}}

* Cyprus has a High Commission in [[New Delhi]] and 2 honorary consulates (in [[Mumbai]] and [[Kolkata]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/highcom/highcom_newdelhi.nsf/DMLindex_en/DMLindex_en?OpenDocument|title=High Commission of Cyprus in India|access-date=14 May 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518093712/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/highcom/highcom_newdelhi.nsf/DMLindex_en/DMLindex_en?OpenDocument|archive-date=18 May 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* India has a High Commission in [[Nicosia]].<ref>[http://www.hcinicosia.org.cy/ Indian high commission in Nicosia] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115024604/http://www.hcinicosia.org.cy/ |date=15 January 2012 }}</ref>
* Both countries are full members of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]].
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20120225131239/http://www.mfa.gov.cy/mfa/mfa2006.nsf/All/210EAF74262E6F34C22571E100240EC8/$file/India.pdf?OpenElement Cypriot Ministry of Foreign Affairs: list of bilateral treaties with India]
India supported Cyprus during its struggle for independence from British colonial rule. India supported the Greeks in Cyprus during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 and lobbied for the international recognition of the Government of Nicosia as the sole legal representative of the entire nation. India has consistently supported and voted for a peaceful resolution of the Cyprus dispute at the United Nations.

;Georgia
{{main|Georgia–India relations}}

* Georgia has an embassy in [[New Delhi]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://india.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=691&lang_id=|title=Georgian embassy in India|access-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170623122401/http://india.mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=691&lang_id=|archive-date=23 June 2017|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* India is represented in Georgia through its embassy in [[Yerevan]] ([[Armenia]]) and an honorary consulate in [[Tbilisi]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianembassy.am/ |title=Welcome to Embassy of India, Yerevan, Armenia |access-date=20 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150220230759/http://www.indianembassy.am/ |archive-date=20 February 2015 |url-status=usurped }}</ref>
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111116052839/http://mfa.gov.ge/index.php?sec_id=373&lang_id=ENG Georgian Ministry of Foreign Affairs about relations with India]
[[File:Tagore Iran.jpg|thumb|250px|[[Rabindranath Tagore]] as a guest of [[Majles|Iran's parliament]] in the 1930s.|left]]
;Iran
{{Main|India–Iran relations}}

Independent India and Iran established diplomatic links on 15 March 1950.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.irna.ir/en/News/81006985/Politic/Iran,_India_relations_span_centuries_marked_by_meaningful_interactions |title=Iran, India relations span centuries marked by meaningful interactions |date=22 January 2014 |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-date=10 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190210210659/http://www.irna.ir/en/News/81006985/Politic/Iran,_India_relations_span_centuries_marked_by_meaningful_interactions |url-status=live }}</ref> After the [[Iranian Revolution]] of 1979, Iran withdrew from [[Central Treaty Organization|CENTO]] and dissociated itself from US-friendly countries, including Pakistan, which automatically meant an improved relationship with the Republic of India.

Currently, the two countries have friendly relations in many areas. There are significant trade ties, particularly in crude oil imports into India and diesel exports to Iran. Iran frequently objected to Pakistan's attempts to draft anti-India resolutions at international organisations such as the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]]. India welcomed Iran's inclusion as an observer state in the [[South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation|SAARC]] regional organisation. [[Lucknow]] continues to be a major centre of Shiite culture and Persian study in the subcontinent.

In the 1990s, India and Iran both supported the [[Northern Alliance]] in Afghanistan against the [[Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (1996–2001)|Taliban regime]]. They continue to collaborate in supporting the broad-based anti-Taliban government led by [[Hamid Karzai]] and backed by the United States.[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi with President of Iran Hassan Rouhani.jpg|thumb|[[Prime Minister of India|PM]] [[Narendra Modi]] with Former [[President of Iran]], [[Hassan Rouhani]], in [[Tehran]]. {{small|(2016)}}]]

However, one complex issue in Indo-Iran relations is the issue of Iran's nuclear programme. In this intricate issue, India tries to make a delicate balance. According to [[Rejaul Karim Laskar|Rejaul Laskar]], an Indian expert on international relations, "India's position on Iran's nuclear programme has been consistent, principled and balanced, and makes an endeavour to reconcile Iran's quest for energy security with the international community's concerns on proliferation. So, while India acknowledges and supports Iran's ambitions to achieve energy security and in particular, its quest for peaceful use of nuclear energy, it is also India's principled position that Iran must meet all its obligations under international law, particularly its obligations under the nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) and other such treaties to which it is a signatory"<ref>Beyond Historical Linkages, [http://www.geopolitics.in/jan2012.aspx Geopolitics, January 2012] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151015234710/http://www.geopolitics.in/jan2012.aspx |date=15 October 2015 }}; Page 71</ref>

Following an attack on an Israeli diplomat in India in February 2012, the [[Delhi Police]] contended that the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps had some involvement in the attack. This was subsequently confirmed in July 2012, after a report by the Delhi Police found evidence that members of the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps had been involved in the 13 February bomb attack in the capital.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20130129164215/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-07-30/delhi/32941054_1_israeli-diplomat-houshang-afshar-irani-mohammad-reza-abolghasemi "Cops name Iran military arm for attack on Israeli diplomat"], "Times of India", 30 July 2012</ref>
;Iraq
{{Main|India–Iraq relations}}
[[File:Gandhi Statue, Erbil Iraqi Kurdistan.jpg|thumb|266x266px|Gandhi statue in [[Erbil]], [[Iraqi Kurdistan]]]]Iraq was one of the few countries in the Middle East with which India established diplomatic relations at the embassy level immediately after its [[Indian independence movement|independence]] in 1947.<ref name="US">{{cite web|url=http://www.issi.org.pk/journal/2003_files/no_2/article/7a.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216135457/http://www.issi.org.pk/journal/2003_files/no_2/article/7a.htm|title=US-Iraq War: India's Middle East policy|archive-date=16 December 2008}}</ref> Both nations signed the "Treaty of Perpetual Peace and Friendship" in 1952 and an agreement of cooperation on cultural affairs in 1954.<ref name="US"/> India was amongst the first to recognise the [[Ba'ath Party]]-led government, and Iraq remained neutral during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]]. However, Iraq sided alongside other Persian Gulf states in supporting Pakistan against India during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]], which saw the creation of Bangladesh.<ref name="US"/> The eight-year-long [[Iran–Iraq War]] caused a steep decline in trade and commerce between the two nations.<ref name="US"/>

During the 1991 [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]], India remained neutral but permitted refuelling for US aircraft.<ref name="US"/> It opposed [[Sanctions against Iraq|UN sanctions on Iraq]], but the period of war and Iraq's isolation further diminished India's commercial and diplomatic ties.<ref name="US"/> From 1999 onwards, Iraq and India began to work towards a stronger relationship. Iraq had supported India's right to conduct [[India and weapons of mass destruction|nuclear tests]] following its [[Pokhran-II|tests of five nuclear weapons]] on 11 and 13 May 1998.<ref name="US"/> In 2000, the then-[[Vice-President of Iraq]] [[Taha Yassin Ramadan]] visited India, and on 6 August 2002 President Saddam Hussein conveyed Iraq's "unwavering support" to India over the [[Kashmir conflict]] with Pakistan.<ref name="US"/><ref name="X">[http://english.people.com.cn/english/200011/30/eng20001130_56499.html India, Iraq Agree on Cooperation] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140221180359/http://english.people.com.cn/english/200011/30/eng20001130_56499.html |date=21 February 2014 }}. ''People''.cn (30 November 2000). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref> India and Iraq established joint ministerial committees and trade delegations to promote extensive bilateral cooperation.<ref name="FICCI">{{cite web|url=http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/iraq/iraqcommercialrelation.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081227224506/http://www.ficci.com/international/countries/iraq/iraqcommercialrelation.htm|title=Iraq Economic and Commercial Relations|archive-date=27 December 2008}}</ref><ref name="IS">{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/15459739.cms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141937/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/15459739.cms|title=Iraq prizes ties with India: Saddam|website=[[The Times of India]] |archive-date=16 December 2008}}</ref> Although initially disrupted during the [[2003 invasion of Iraq]], diplomatic and commercial ties between India and the new democratic government of Iraq have since been normalised.<ref name="IS"/>

;[[File:Beni-israel-india-2.jpg|thumb|A Beni-Israel family in Bombay|left]]Israel
{{Main|India–Israel relations}}

The establishment of Israel at the end of World War II was a complex issue. Based on its own experience during partition, when 14 million people were displaced<ref>{{cite web |title=Rupture in South Asia |url=http://www.unhcr.org/3ebf9bab0.pdf |publisher=United Nations High Commission for Refugees |access-date=16 August 2014 |archive-date=11 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311071256/http://www.unhcr.org/3ebf9bab0.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Hidden Story of Partition and its Legacies |first=Crispin |last=Bates |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/partition1947_01.shtml |publisher=BBC |date=3 March 2011 |access-date=16 August 2014 |archive-date=24 October 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191024083133/http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/partition1947_01.shtml |url-status=live }}</ref> and an estimated 200,000 to 500,000 people were killed in Punjab Province,<ref>{{cite web |title=The partition of India and retributive genocide in the Punjab, 1946–47: means, methods, and purposes |first=Paul R. |last=Brass |author-link=Paul Brass |work=[[Journal of Genocide Research]] |url=http://faculty.washington.edu/brass/Partition.pdf |year=2003 |page=75 (5(1), 71–101) |access-date=16 August 2014 |archive-date=14 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150414153300/http://faculty.washington.edu/brass/Partition.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> India had recommended a single state, as did Iran and Yugoslavia (later to undergo its genocidal partition). The state could allocate Arab- and Jewish-majority provinces to prevent the partition of historic Palestine and prevent widespread conflict.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mf3.html#a |title=Myths & Facts – Partition |publisher=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=25 June 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100625220508/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mf3.html#a |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2022}} But, the final UN resolution recommended the partition of Mandatory Palestine into Arab and Jewish states based on religious and ethnic majorities. India opposed this in the final vote as it did not agree with the concept of partition based on religion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/partition.html |title=United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 |publisher=Jewishvirtuallibrary.org |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=14 July 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090714100509/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/partition.html |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=June 2022}}[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi addressing the press meet with the Prime Minister of Israel, Mr. Benjamin Netanyahu, in Jerusalem, Israel on July 05, 2017 (1).jpg|thumb|[[Prime Minister of India|PM]] [[Narendra Modi]], with Former Prime Minister of Israel, [[Benjamin Netanyahu]], during a press meet, in [[Jerusalem]], {{small|(2017)}}]]

Due to the security threat from a US-backed Pakistan and its nuclear programme in the 1980s, Israel and India started a clandestine relationship that involved cooperation between their respective intelligence agencies.<ref name="RAW-MOSSAD">[http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/sep/08spec.htm RAW and MOSSAD, the Secret Link] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090912075501/http://www.rediff.com/news/2003/sep/08spec.htm |date=12 September 2009 }},''rediff.com''</ref> Israel shared India's concerns about the growing danger posed by Pakistan and nuclear proliferation to Iran and other Arab states.<ref>{{cite news |last=Nelson |first=Dean |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/6170145/A.Q.-Khan-boasts-of-helping-Irans-nuclear-programme.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/pakistan/6170145/A.Q.-Khan-boasts-of-helping-Irans-nuclear-programme.html |archive-date=12 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=A.Q. Khan boasts of helping Iran's nuclear programme |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=10 September 2009 |access-date=21 November 2009 |location=London}}{{cbignore}}</ref>

Since the establishment of full diplomatic relations with Israel in 1992, India has improved its relationship with the Jewish state. India is regarded as Israel's strongest ally in Asia, and Israel is India's second-largest arms supplier. Since India achieved its [[Indian independence movement|independence in 1947]], it has supported Palestinian self-determination. India recognised Palestine's statehood following Palestine's [[Palestinian Declaration of Independence|declaration]] on 18 November 1988<ref name="unesdoc.unesco.org">{{cite web|url=http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000827/082711eo.pdf|title=Request for the admission of the State of Palestine to UNESCO as a Member State|publisher=UNESCO|access-date=12 January 2013|archive-date=28 July 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728145954/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0008/000827/082711eo.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[India–Palestine relations|Indo-Palestinian relations]] was first established in 1974.<ref name="meaindia.nic.in">{{cite web |url=http://meaindia.nic.in/meaxpsite/foreignrelation/palestine.pdf |title=MEA – MEA Links : Indian Missions Abroad |access-date=21 February 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126020231/http://meaindia.nic.in/meaxpsite/foreignrelation/palestine.pdf |archive-date=26 November 2010 |url-status=dead }}</ref> This has not adversely affected India's improved relations with Israel.

India entertained the Israeli Prime Minister in a visit in 2003,<ref>[http://www.rediff.com/news/sharon.htm Ariel Sharon's India visit] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190414090239/http://www.rediff.com/news/sharon.htm |date=14 April 2019 }},''rediff.com''</ref> and Israel has entertained Indian dignitaries such as Finance Minister [[Jaswant Singh]] in diplomatic visits. India and Israel collaborate in scientific and technological endeavours. Israel's Minister for Science and Technology has expressed interest in collaborating with the [[Indian Space Research Organisation]] (ISRO) towards using satellites to better manage land and other resources. Israel has also expressed interest in participating in ISRO's [[Chandrayaan-1|Chandrayaan]] Mission involving an uncrewed mission to the moon.<ref name="TimesofIndia">[https://web.archive.org/web/20040119221313/http://www.hindu.com/2003/12/25/stories/2003122502231200.htm Israel plans thrust on science and technology collaboration], ''The Times of India'', 24 December 2003</ref> On 21 January 2008, India successfully launched an Israeli spy satellite into orbit from the [[Satish Dhawan Space Centre|Sriharikota space station]] in southern India.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7199736.stm "India launches Israeli satellite"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128071148/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7199736.stm |date=28 January 2008 }}, BBC News Online, 21 January 2008</ref> [[File:Narendra Modi visit to Israel, July 2017 (5803).jpg|thumb|Narendra Modi's warm visit to Israel, hugging Former President [[Reuven Rivlin]] in 2017]]

Israel and India share intelligence on terrorist groups. They have developed close defence and security ties since establishing diplomatic relations in 1992. India has bought more than $5 billion worth of Israeli equipment since 2002. In addition, Israel is training Indian military units and in 2008 was discussing an arrangement to give Indian commandos instruction in counter-terrorist tactics and urban warfare.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-indiaisrael29-2008nov29,0,440564.story Israel says Mumbai attackers targeted its citizens] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141828/http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-indiaisrael29-2008nov29,0,440564.story |date=16 December 2008 }}, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'', 29 November 2008</ref> In December 2008, Israel and India signed a memorandum to set up an Indo-Israel Legal Colloquium to facilitate discussions and exchange programmes between judges and jurists of the two countries.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20121104032824/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2008-12-31/india/27896422_1_legal-systems-india-and-israel-israeli-president India, Israel set up bilateral legal colloquium]. ''The Times of India'' (31 December 2008). Retrieved 12 November 2011.</ref>

Following the Israeli invasion of [[2006 Lebanon War|Lebanon in 2006]], India stated that the Israeli use of force was "[[International reactions to the 2006 Lebanon War#India|disproportionate and excessive]]".<ref>[http://www.kuna.net.kw/home/story.aspx?Language=en&DSNO=886234 LD Lebanon Reactions] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070927195951/http://www.kuna.net.kw/home/story.aspx?Language=en&DSNO=886234 |date=27 September 2007 }}, Kuwait News Agency</ref>

The India-Israel relationship has been very close and warm under the premiership of [[Narendra Modi]] since 2014. In 2017, he was the first ever Prime Minister of India to visit Israel.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bose|first=Sumantra|title=Here's why Hindu nationalists aspire to Israel's "ethnic democracy"|url=https://qz.com/india/1551356/what-explains-modis-bonhomie-with-israels-netanyahu/|access-date=28 July 2021|website=Quartz|date=15 February 2019 |language=en}}</ref>

;Lebanon
{{main|India–Lebanon relations}}

India and Lebanon enjoy cordial and friendly relations based on many complementarities such as a political system based on parliamentary democracy, non-alignment, human rights, commitment to a just world order, regional and global peace, a liberal market economy and a vibrant entrepreneurial spirit. India has a peacekeeping force as part of the [[United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon]] (UNIFIL). One infantry battalion is deployed in Lebanon and about 900 personnel are stationed in the Eastern part of [[Southern Lebanon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/pallam-raju-to-visit-indian-peacekeepers-in-lebanon_10093673.html |title=Pallam Raju to visit Indian peacekeepers in Lebanon |publisher=Thaindian.com |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=1 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120801091806/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/india-news/pallam-raju-to-visit-indian-peacekeepers-in-lebanon_10093673.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> The force also provided non-patrol aid to citizens.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/inDepthNews/idUSEIC54708020061026?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 |title=Indian UN vet treats animal victims of Lebanon war |work=Reuters |date=26 October 2006 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923133307/https://www.reuters.com/article/inDepthNews/idUSEIC54708020061026?pageNumber=2&virtualBrandChannel=0 |url-status=live }}</ref>
India and Lebanon have had very good relations since the 1950s.

;Oman
{{Main|India-Oman relations}}
[[File:The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi at the delegation level talks with the Sultan of Oman, Sultan Qaboos bin Said Al Said, at Bait Al Baraka, in Muscat, Oman on February 11, 2018 (1).jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] meeting with Sultan [[Qaboos bin Said Al Said]] at [[Al Baraka Palace]], [[Muscat]] in 2018.]]
India–Oman relations are foreign relations between India and the Sultanate of Oman. India has an embassy in Muscat, Oman. The Indian consulate was opened in Muscat in February 1955 and five years later it was upgraded to a consulate general and later developed into a full-fledged embassy in 1971. The first Ambassador of India arrived in Muscat in 1973. Oman established its embassy in New Delhi in 1972 and a consulate general in Mumbai in 1976.

$5.6 bn Oman-India energy pipeline plans progressing: Fox Petroleum Group envisions a roughly five-year timeframe for the execution of the pipeline project.<ref name="omanobserver.om">{{cite web |url=http://omanobserver.om/5-6-bn-oman-india-energy-pipeline-plans-progressing/ |title=$5.6 bn Oman-India energy pipeline plans progressing &#124; Oman Observer |access-date=25 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150701012600/http://omanobserver.om/5-6-bn-oman-india-energy-pipeline-plans-progressing/ |archive-date=1 July 2015 }}</ref>

Ajay Kumar, the chairman and managing director of Fox Petroleum, based in New Delhi, which is an associate company of Fox Petroleum FZC in the UAE, said that Mr. Modi had "fired the best weapon of economic development and growth". "He has given a red carpet for global players to invest in India," Mr. Kumar added. "It will boost all sectors of the industry – especially for small-scale manufacturing units and heavy industries too."

<ref name="omanobserver.om"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/modi-reveals-plan-to-attract-foreign-investment-into-india|title=Modi reveals plan to attract foreign investment into India|date=25 September 2014|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-date=30 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630161534/http://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/modi-reveals-plan-to-attract-foreign-investment-into-india|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://thediplomat.com/2015/07/modi-and-the-sino-indian-game-for-iranian-gas/|title=Modi and the Sino-Indian Game for Iranian Gas|first=Micha'el Tanchum, The|last=Diplomat|access-date=12 February 2021|archive-date=1 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210301010935/https://thediplomat.com/2015/07/modi-and-the-sino-indian-game-for-iranian-gas/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tradearabia.com/news/CONS_282811.html|title=$5.6bn Oman-India pipeline plans on track|website=tradearabia.com|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-date=20 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160720062302/http://www.tradearabia.com/news/CONS_282811.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://bgs-group.eu/our-events.html |title=Our events |access-date=25 October 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901104335/http://www.bgs-group.eu/our-events.html |archive-date=1 September 2015 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://lngcongress.com/|title=5th International LNG Congress|website=lngcongress.com|access-date=31 July 2015|archive-date=2 January 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180102122602/http://lngcongress.com/|url-status=live}}</ref>
;Saudi Arabia
{{Main|India–Saudi Arabia relations}}

Bilateral relations between India and Saudi Arabia have strengthened considerably owing to cooperation in regional affairs and trade. Saudi Arabia is the one of largest suppliers of oil to India, which is one of the top seven trading partners and the 5th biggest investor in Saudi Arabia.<ref name="CH">{{cite news |url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/-india-saudi-arabia-to-better-understanding-108060200074_1.html |title=India, Saudi Arabia to better understanding |access-date=15 August 2020 |work=[[Business Standard]] |date=2 June 2008 |agency=Press Trust of India |archive-date=23 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923133308/https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/-india-saudi-arabia-to-better-understanding-108060200074_1.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

India was one of the first nations to establish ties with the [[Unification of Saudi Arabia|Third Saudi State]]. During the 1930s, India heavily funded [[Nejd]] through financial subsidies.<ref>{{cite book |last=Kostiner |first=Joseph |title=The making of Saudi Arabia, 1916–1936: from chieftaincy to monarchical state |publisher=Oxford University Press US, 1993 |isbn=9780195074406|year=1993 }}</ref>[[File:Prime Minister Narendra Modi in conversation with King Salman bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud of Saudi Arabia.jpg|thumb|Prime Minister Narendra Modi in conversation with [[Salman of Saudi Arabia|King Salman bin Abdul Aziz Al Saud]] of Saudi Arabia]]
India's strategic relations with Saudi Arabia have been affected by the latter's close ties with Pakistan.<ref name="SO2">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4645836.stm |title=Saudi king on rare visit to India |access-date=4 June 2008 |publisher=BBC News |date=25 January 2006 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225045918/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4645836.stm%20 |url-status=live }}</ref> Saudi Arabia supported Pakistan's stance on the [[Kashmir conflict]] during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] at the expense of its relations with India.<ref name="VA2">
{{cite book |first=Prithvi Ram |last=Mudiam |title=India and the Middle East |pages=[https://archive.org/details/indiamiddleeast00prit/page/88 88–94] |publisher=British Academic Press |year=1994 |isbn=1-85043-703-3 |url=https://archive.org/details/indiamiddleeast00prit/page/88 }}</ref> The [[Soviet Union]]'s close relations with India also served as a source of consternation.<ref name="SO2"/><ref name="VA2"/> During the [[Gulf War|Persian Gulf War]] (1990–91), India officially maintained [[Neutral country|neutrality]]. Saudi Arabia's close military and strategic ties with Pakistan have also been a source of continuing strain.<ref name="SO2"/><ref name="VA2"/>

Since the 1990s, both nations have taken steps to improve ties. Saudi Arabia has supported granting [[observer status]] to India in the [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation]] (OIC) and has expanded its cooperation with India to fight [[terrorism]].<ref name="new era">{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4655268.stm |title="New era" for Saudi-Indian ties |access-date=4 June 2008 |publisher=BBC News |date=27 January 2006 |archive-date=2 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402083615/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/4655268.stm |url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2006, King [[Abdullah of Saudi Arabia]] made a special visit to India, becoming the first Saudi monarch in 51 years to do so.<ref name="SO2"/> The Saudi king and former [[Prime Minister of India]] [[Manmohan Singh]] signed an agreement forging a strategic energy partnership that was termed the "Delhi Declaration".<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/todays-paper/tp-economy/India-Saudi-Arabia-sign-strategic-energy-pact-Long-term-contracts-planned-for-crude-supplies/article20196973.ece |title=India, Saudi Arabia sign strategic energy pact |date=23 April 2011 |access-date=16 August 2020 |work=Business Line |archive-date=24 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091224004939/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2006/01/28/stories/2006012802970900.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> The pact provides for a "reliable, stable and increased volume of crude oil supplies to India through long-term contracts."<ref name="DG">{{cite news |url=https://money.cnn.com/2006/01/27/news/international/india_saudi.dj/ |title=India, Saudi Arabia in energy deal |access-date=4 June 2008 |publisher=CNN |date=27 January 2006 |archive-date=17 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181217121627/https://money.cnn.com/2006/01/27/news/international/india_saudi.dj/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Both nations also agreed on joint ventures and the development of oil and natural gas in public and private sectors.<ref name="DG"/> An Indo-Saudi joint declaration in the Indian capital [[New Delhi]] described the king's visit as "heralding a new era in India-Saudi Arabia relations".<ref name="new era"/>

;Syria
{{main|India–Syria relations}}

[[File:Syrian_Christian_Women_in_Kerala_(1912).jpg|thumb|Syrian Christian Women in Kerala (1912)]]
Bilateral relations between India and [[Syria]] are historic and the two have ancient civilizational ties. Both countries were on the [[Silk Road]] through which civilizational exchanges took place for centuries. [[Syriac Christianity]], originating in ancient Syria, spread further to the East and created the first [[Christianity in India|Christian]] communities in ancient India. The ancient Syriac language among the Syrian Christians of Kerala was also brought to Kerala by St Thomas in the 1st century CE. Even today the language continues to be taught in colleges and universities in Kerala.

A common nationalism and secular orientation, membership of NAM and similar perceptions on many issues further strengthened the bond between the two states. India supported "Syria's legitimate right to regain the occupied Golan Heights". In turn, this was reciprocated with Syrian recognition that Kashmir is a bilateral issue as well as general support of India's concerns and even candidature at various international forums.

;Turkey
{{Main|India–Turkey relations}}
Due to controversial issues such as Turkey's close relationship with Pakistan, relations between the two countries have often been blistered at certain times, but better at others. India and Turkey's relationship alters from unsureness to collaboration when the two nations work together to combat terrorism in Central and South Asia, and the Middle East. India and Turkey are also connected by history, seeing as they have known each other since the days of the [[Ottoman Empire]], and seeing as India was one of the countries to send aid to Turkey following its [[Turkish War of Independence|war of independence]]. The Indian real estate firm GMR has invested in and is working towards the modernisation of [[Istanbul]]'s [[Sabiha Gökçen International Airport]].

The relations took a nose-dive after [[President of Turkey|Turkish President]] [[Recep Tayyip Erdoğan]] spoke against India on the [[Kashmir conflict|Kashmir issue]] and supported Pakistan, during his address at [[United Nations General Assembly]] after Pakistan PM [[Imran Khan]], in September 2019. In February 2020, he visited Islamabad and held talks with Imran Khan, on "improving and bolding the relations with Islamabad". At the end of the month, during the [[2020 Delhi riots|riots in Delhi]] and [[Citizenship Amendment Act protests|CAA-NRC protests]] in India, he criticized the government for its policies. He also criticized the move of the Indian Government on the [[2020 China–India skirmishes|Galwan Valley skirmishes with China]] on [[Line of Actual Control|LAC]].

;United Arab Emirates
{{Main|India–United Arab Emirates relations}}

[[File:India Republic Day 2017 Crown Prince.jpg|thumb|The President, [[Pranab Mukherjee|Shri Pranab Mukherjee]] and the Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi with the Chief Guest of the Republic Day, The Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi, Deputy Supreme Commander of U.A.E. Armed Forces, General [[Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan|Sheikh Mohammed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan]], at [[Rajpath]], on the occasion of the 68th Republic Day Parade 2017, in New Delhi.]]

India–United Arab Emirates relations refer to the bilateral relations that exist between the Republic of India and the United Arab Emirates. After the creation of the Federation in 1971, India-UAE relations flourished. Today UAE and India share political, economic and cultural links. There are over a million Indians in the United Arab Emirates, being by far the largest migrant group in the country.[1] A large Indian expatriate community resides and engages in the UAE in economically productive activities and has played a significant role in the evolution of the UAE. In 2008–09, India emerged as the largest trade partner of the UAE with bilateral trade between the two countries exceeding US$44.5 billion. [9] UAE and India are each other's main trading partners. The trade totals over $75 billion (AED275.25 billion).

;Arab states of the Persian Gulf

India and the [[Arab states of the Persian Gulf]] enjoy strong cultural and economic ties. This is reflected in the fact that more than 50% of the oil consumed by India comes from the Persian Gulf countries<ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/India_Gulf_share_special_relationship/articleshow/2700623.cms |title=India, Gulf share special relationship- Indicators-Economy-News-The Economic Times |work=The Economic Times |date=15 January 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009 |archive-date=16 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141900/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/India_Gulf_share_special_relationship/articleshow/2700623.cms |url-status=live }}</ref> and Indian nationals form the largest expatriate community in the Arabian peninsula.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.meforum.org/article/1019 |title=Saudi Arabia Woos China and India :: Middle East Quarterly |journal=Middle East Quarterly |date=September 2006 |publisher=Meforum.org |access-date=21 November 2009 |last1=Pant |first1=Harsh V. |archive-date=1 December 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081201162154/http://www.meforum.org/article/1019 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{better source needed|date=May 2022}} The annual remittance by Indian expatriates in the region amounted to US$20 billion in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-jan-28-fg-kerala28-story.html |newspaper=[[Los Angeles Times]] |date=28 January 2007 |last=Daragahi |first=Borzou |title=Bringing home a new Islam |location=Vengara |access-date=21 March 2014 |archive-date=4 May 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504080613/http://articles.latimes.com/2007/jan/28/world/fg-kerala28}}</ref> India is one of the largest trading partners of the [[Gulf Cooperation Council|CCASG]] with non-oil trade between India and [[Dubai]] alone amounting to US$19 billion in 2007.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/Foreign_Trade/India-Dubai_trade_records_74_rise/articleshow/3093800.cms |title=India-Dubai trade records 74% rise- Foreign Trade-Economy-News-The Economic Times |work=The Economic Times |date=2 June 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141849/http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/News/Economy/Foreign_Trade/India-Dubai_trade_records_74_rise/articleshow/3093800.cms |archive-date=16 December 2008}}</ref> The Persian Gulf countries have also played an important role in addressing India's energy security concerns, with Saudi Arabia and Kuwait regularly increasing their oil supply to India to meet the country's rising energy demand. In 2005, Kuwait increased its oil exports to India by 10% increasing the net oil trade between the two to US$4.5 billion.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Kuwait/Oil.html |title=Kuwait Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis – Oil, Gas, Electricity, Coal |publisher=Eia.doe.gov |date=1 January 2009 |access-date=21 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100119055216/http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Kuwait/Oil.html |archive-date=19 January 2010 }}</ref> In 2008, Qatar decided to invest US$5 billion in India's energy sector.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/12/stories/2008111261371200.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218070835/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/12/stories/2008111261371200.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 December 2008 |title=Front Page : Qatar to invest $5 billion in India |date=12 November 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref>

India has maritime security arrangements in place with Oman and Qatar.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/12/stories/2008111258230100.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081218083247/http://www.hindu.com/2008/11/12/stories/2008111258230100.htm |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 December 2008 |title=Front Page : Navy foils bid to hijack Indian ship in Gulf of Aden |date=12 November 2008 |access-date=21 November 2009 |work=[[The Hindu]] |location=Chennai, India}}</ref> In 2008, a landmark defence pact was signed, under which India committed its military assets to protect "Qatar from external threats".<ref>[http://www.ptinews.com/pti%5Cptisite.nsf/0/AC643928791FF4F2652574FE00466484?OpenDocument Open Document] {{Dead link|date=October 2009}}</ref> There has been progress in a proposed deep-sea gas pipeline from Qatar, via Oman, to India.<ref>{{cite web |last=Bhardwaj |first=Priyanka |url=http://www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=2245 |title=A Qatar-to-India Pipeline? |work=Energy Tribune |access-date=21 November 2009 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120226125132/http://www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=2245 |archive-date=26 February 2012 }}</ref>