Editing Foreign relations of Ethiopia (section)

===Federal Democratic Republic era===
[[File:Vladimir Putin 3 December 2001-2.jpg|thumb|[[Prime Minister of Ethiopia|Prime Minister]] [[Meles Zenawi]] with [[President of Russia|Russian President]] [[Vladimir Putin]] on 3 December 2001]]
[[File:John Kerry and Hailemariam Desalegn 2014.jpg|thumb|Former US Secretary of State [[John Kerry]] with [[Hailemariam Desalegn]] in 2014]]
[[File:Abiy Ahmed and Isaias Afwerki speaking in Eritrea 2019.jpg|thumb|Prime Minister [[Abiy Ahmed]] with Eritrean president [[Isaias Afwerki]] meeting on 3 March 2019]]
After defeating the Derg in 1991, the newly formed coalition the [[Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front]] (EPRDF), led by [[President of Ethiopia|President]] and later [[Prime Minister of Ethiopia|Prime Minister]] [[Meles Zenawi]], experienced opposition from factions in Somalia as well as within the country; in May 1991, a pan-Islamist [[Al-Itihaad al-Islamiya]] (Islamic Unity) established to consolidate Somalia's power in the [[Greater Somalia]]. Relations with Eritrea was somewhat better intensified after its UN-sponsored  session from Ethiopia in May 1993.

Later in 1998, their relations was deteriorated after large-scale Eritrean mechanized force penetrated to Badme region, triggering the [[Eritrean–Ethiopian War]]. Both countries spent favorable amount of armaments ahead of the war and suffered reportedly 100,000 casualties combined as a direct consequence thereof, excluding indeterminate number of refugees.<ref name=BBC_arms_ban>{{Cite web|title=Will arms ban slow war?|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/750789.stm|access-date=2021-12-30|website=BBC News}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Winfield |first=Nicole |publisher=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/un-hints-at-sanctions-if-eritrea-and-ethiopia-do-not-end-fighting-718960.html |title=UN hints at sanctions if Eritrea and Ethiopia do not end fighting |newspaper=[[The Independent]] |date=13 May 2000 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101008050721/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/un-hints-at-sanctions-if-eritrea-and-ethiopia-do-not-end-fighting-718960.html |archive-date=8 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Ethiopia rejects war criticism|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/712992.stm|date=14 April 2000|access-date=30 December 2021|website=BBC News}}</ref><ref name=Tens-of-thousands>Tens of thousands
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1053983.stm Eritrea: Final deal with Ethiopia] BBC 4 December 2000
*[http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/12/07/news/eritrea.php Eritrea orders Westerners in UN mission out in 10 days], [[International Herald Tribune]], 7 December 2005</ref> In December 2000, the two countries government signed [[Algiers Agreement (2000)|Algiers Agreement]] which finalized the war and created binding judicial commissions, the Eritrea–Ethiopia Border Commission and the Eritrean–Ethiopian Claims Commissions, to oversee the disputed border and related claims. Since then, there was elevated tensions with border conflict and stalemate what is described "war footing" and "no-war-no-peace" with absence of foreign and domestic policy domination. This was ended after Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed came to power in 2018, signed the [[2018 Eritrea–Ethiopia summit]] on 8–9 July.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Watch (Organization) |first=Human Rights |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=P3zIY60yiYAC&q=isaias+afwerki+government |title=Service for Life: State Repression and Indefinite Conscription in Eritrea |date=2009 |publisher=Human Rights Watch |isbn=978-1-56432-472-6 |language=en}}</ref>

Meles' government relations with Djibouti was friendly as Djibouti accessed Port of Djibouti to Ethiopia. Ethiopia had 90% imports arrived from Port of Djibouti and 95% of Djiboutian regional exports.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=MORMUL |first=Joanna |date=2016 |title=ETHIO-DJIBOUTIAN RELATIONS IN THE 21ST CENTURY – TOWARDS NEW AFRICAN COOPERATION |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24920258 |journal=Politeja |issue=42 |pages=263–286 |jstor=24920258 |issn=1733-6716}}</ref> In 2006, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) virtually controlled the whole of southern Somalia and successfully united Mogadishu and imposed [[Shari'a law]]. With support of the Transitional Federal Government of Somalia, Ethiopia, under UN peacekeeping mission against [[War on Terrorism]], attacked ICU. The ICU's split eventually led to the formation of [[Al-Shabaab (militant group)|Al-Shabaab]], regrouping to continue the insurgency against TFG and Ethiopian military presence in Somalia.<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K-XkCwAAQBAJ&dq=The+Transitional+Federal+Government+sought+to+reestablish+its+authority%2C+and%2C+with+the+assistance+of+Ethiopian+troops%2C+African+Union+peacekeepers+and+air+support+by+the+United+States%2C+managed+to+drive+out+the+rival+ICU&pg=PA53 |title=Somalia Business Law Handbook Volume 1 Strategic Information and Basic Laws |date=June 2015 |publisher=Lulu.com |isbn=978-1-5145-0191-7 |language=en}}</ref>

In May 2010, the [[Nile Basin Initiative]] was signed by five upstream countries such as Ethiopia, [[Tanzania]], [[Uganda]], [[Kenya]], and [[Rwanda]] and [[Burundi]] as Egypt considerate as breach to the 1929 Anglo-Egyptian treaty that gave its right to share water.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2010-06-29 |title=Who owns the Nile? |url=https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2010/06/29/who-owns-the-nile/ |access-date=2022-04-26 |website=State of the Planet |language=en}}</ref> On 2 April 2011, the [[Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam]] (GERD) inaugurated  construction expected producing 15,000 megawatts of power within 10 years, spending 12 billion dollars of strategy to improve power generating capabilities. Egypt and Sudan continued objecting the filling of the dam in 2020.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Walsh |first1=Decian |title=For Thousands of Years, Egypt Controlled the Nile. A New Dam Threatens That |url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/09/world/africa/nile-river-dam.html |newspaper=New York Times |date=9 February 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200210015121/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/02/09/world/africa/nile-river-dam.html |archive-date=10 February 2020 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=An Egyptian cyber attack on Ethiopia by hackers is the latest strike over the Grand Dam |url=https://qz.com/africa/1874343/egypt-cyber-attack-on-ethiopia-is-strike-over-the-grand-dam/ |work=[[Quartz (publication)|Quartz]] |date=27 June 2020}}</ref>

Under Abiy Ahmed premiership since 2018, Ethiopia repleted its relations Somalia and Eritrea. In October 2018, Ethiopia signed peace agreement with the rebel faction ONLF ending 34 year long conflict since 1984. ONLF has clashed with the Ethiopian troops to contain vast oil and gas deposits, where Chinese oil firms developing two gas field in the area. In 2007, ONLF launched deadly attack against Chinese-run oil field which killed 65 Ethiopians and 9 Chinese nationals.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ethiopia signs peace deal with rebel group |url=https://www.dw.com/en/ethiopia-signs-peace-deal-with-rebel-group-in-oil-rich-region/a-45988021 |access-date=2022-08-31 |website=amp.dw.com}}</ref>

During the [[Tigray War]], Ethiopia was allied to countries such as [[Turkey]],<ref name=":22">{{Cite news |last=Walsh |first=Declan |date=2021-12-20 |title=Foreign Drones Tip the Balance in Ethiopia's Civil War |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/20/world/africa/drones-ethiopia-war-turkey-emirates.html |access-date=2021-12-22 |issn=0362-4331}}</ref> [[United Arab Emirates]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=UAE air bridge provides military support to Ethiopia gov't |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/25/uae-air-bridge-provides-military-support-to-ethiopia-govt |publisher=Al Jazeera}}</ref> and [[Iran]]<ref name=":22" /> who supplied [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|drones]] to the Ethiopian government.<ref name=":9" /> With involvement of [[Eritrean Defence Forces]] (EDF), the US President [[Joe Biden]] designated six targets of sanction per Executive Order 14046, which was signed in September 2021.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Imposing Sanctions in Connection with the Conflict in Ethiopia|url=https://www.state.gov/imposing-sanctions-in-connection-with-the-conflict-in-ethiopia/|access-date=2022-01-01|website=United States Department of State|language=en}}</ref>