Editing Fayetteville, Arkansas (section)

==Arts and culture==
[[File:Fayetteville skyline from Old Main lawn.jpg|thumb|Downtown Fayetteville as seen from Old Main Lawn]]
{{See also|Culture of Arkansas}}
Fayetteville's culture is a combination of a [[Southern United States|Southern]] city, college town, and the fast-growing Northwest Arkansas metro area.

Fayetteville shares many of the characteristics commonly given to Arkansas as a Southern state, yet it has also absorbed cultural influence from the Mid and South West. Located in the mid-South, Fayetteville's culture is distinct and it differs from the southeastern portion of the state and other [[Southeastern Conference]] college towns, areas more commonly associated with the [[Deep South]]. Many of the city's first settlers came from Mid South states like [[Kentucky]] and [[Tennessee]], who found the Ozarks similar to the [[Appalachian Mountains]] back home.<ref>Arnold et al 2002, p. 104.</ref> The uplands of Arkansas, including the Fayetteville area, did not participate in large-scale plantation farming with slaves like the [[Arkansas Delta]], instead electing to settle in small clusters, relying largely on [[subsistence agriculture]] and hunting rather than the settlement patterns common in the [[Midwest]] and the [[Deep South]]. The [[hillbilly]] stereotype given to the Ozarks and Appalachians is largely a derivative of the difficult topography, poor quality or absent formal education, and mostly cashless self-sustaining economy found in those regions. Fayetteville's large proportion of [[Southern Baptist]] and [[Methodist]] adherents reflect a trend often associated with the Deep South.<ref>{{cite web |title= Arkansas's Regional Identity |url= http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=5857 |date= June 7, 2013 |first= Guy |last= Lancaster |access-date= August 18, 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130405060126/http://www.encyclopediaofarkansas.net/encyclopedia/entry-detail.aspx?entryID=5857 |archive-date= April 5, 2013 }}</ref>

The city also derives a cultural identity from the University of Arkansas, exhibiting many trademarks of a college town such as a prominent arts and music scene, socially-progressive residents, an emphasis on supporting local businesses, and a community focus on environmental sustainability.<ref>{{cite magazine |first= Stirling |last= Kelso |title= The South's Best College Towns |magazine= [[Southern Living]] |url= http://www.southernliving.com/travel/best-college-towns-00417000074763/page18.html |access-date= August 18, 2013 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120119115622/http://www.southernliving.com/travel/best-college-towns-00417000074763/page18.html |archive-date= January 19, 2012 }}</ref> Fayetteville shares a passion for collegiate athletics similar to many other Southeastern Conference member institution cities including [[Oxford, Mississippi]] and [[College Station, Texas]].<ref>{{cite news |title= 7. Fayetteville, Ark. University of Arkansas |work= Top College Sports Towns |publisher= Forbes |last= Burke |first= Monte }}</ref> The university itself is a great magnet for fresh faces and young professionals from all across the nation and the world. Fall 2017 enrollment reports said that 55% of U of A students were from Arkansas, 42% from out of state, and the remaining 3% from foreign countries.<ref>{{cite web|title=Enrollment growth|url=https://news.uark.edu/articles/39517/u-of-a-once-again-posts-record-enrollment-but-growth-is-slowing|website=News.uark.edu|access-date=November 26, 2017|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201041659/https://news.uark.edu/articles/39517/u-of-a-once-again-posts-record-enrollment-but-growth-is-slowing|archive-date=December 1, 2017}}</ref>

Fayetteville has a strong [[Barbecue|BBQ]] tradition, and the majority of the city's barbecue joints serve [[Memphis-style barbecue]], with some [[Barbecue in Texas|Texas barbecue]] influence. Fayetteville is also home to a diverse array of dining options as Thai, Vietnamese, and Cajun eateries which are in the city's commercial districts. The Fayetteville Roots Festival, an annual celebration of local cuisine and music, only adds to the growing [[foodie]] culture of Northwest Arkansas with its community celebrations in the historic [[Fayetteville Historic Square|Fayetteville Square]].

===University of Arkansas===
[[File:Old Main from the northwest, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas (autumn).jpg|thumb|right|[[Old Main (University of Arkansas)|Old Main]] is the most recognizable image of the University of Arkansas and focal point of the [[University of Arkansas Campus Historic District]].]]
The [[University of Arkansas]] is Fayetteville's biggest attraction, with influence in the social, economic and educational aspects of Fayetteville.<ref name="nrhpreg">{{cite web |title=National Register of Historic Places Registration: University of Arkansas Campus Historic District |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/weekly_features/UnvirofArkansasCampusHD.pdf |date=May 20, 2009 |page=26 |first1=Glen |last1=Bennett |first2=Rob |last2=Yallop |first3=Ralph S. |last3=Wilcox |publisher=[[National Park Service]] |access-date=August 18, 2001 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121105084432/http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/feature/weekly_features/UnvirofArkansasCampusHD.pdf |archive-date=November 5, 2012 }}</ref>  As the state's [[flagship]] university, U of A has become integrated with Fayetteville and vice versa. Currently ranked the #165th best university in the country,  the [[University of Arkansas Campus Historic District]] listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] contains {{convert|71|acre|ha}} and 25 buildings within a park-like [[arboretum]].<ref name="nrhpreg" /><ref name="usnews">{{cite web |title=US News National Universities Rankings |url=http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/university-of-arkansas-1108 |access-date=December 9, 2016 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170206042214/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/university-of-arkansas-1108 |archive-date=February 6, 2017 }}</ref> In autumn, hundreds of parents travel to Fayetteville to help their children move into the various residence halls and apartments in the area, with thousands more attending [[Arkansas Razorbacks football|Razorback football]] home games. Fans return for basketball games to pack [[Bud Walton Arena]], which was the fifth-largest on-campus arena upon completion.<ref>{{cite news |last=Richardson |first=Steve |title=New arena perfect backdrop for No. 1 Arkansas |newspaper=Dallas Morning News |date=December 15, 1993 }}</ref> In spring the Hogs baseball team can be seen in [[Baum Stadium]], named one of the top college baseball facilities in the South by [[Rivals.com]] in 2010 due to the use of a large donation by the Walton family.<ref name="rivals" />[[Senior Walk]] is a {{convert|5|mi|km|adj=on}} sidewalk record of every graduate from the University of Arkansas. It spans nearly the entire sidewalk network in the core of the campus.

During the last decade, the university has drawn a large influx of students from bordering states, largely due to the New Arkansan Non-Resident Tuition Award scholarship program. As of Spring 2018, nearly 40% of the student population is made up of students hailing from outside of Arkansas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://osai.uark.edu/|title=Home &#124; Office of Strategic Analytics & Insights &#124; University of Arkansas|website=osai.uark.edu}}</ref> As a result, student-centered off-campus apartments communities are being rapidly built to accommodate the growing student population.
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===Dickson Street===
[[File:Dickson Street, Fayetteville, Arkansas in the fall.jpg|thumb|right|Looking down Dickson Street, the primary entertainment district in Fayetteville.]]
{{Main|Dickson Street|Walton Arts Center}}
Dickson Street is the primary entertainment district in the region, including musical and stage performances, shopping, bars, and restaurants. The [[West Dickson Street Commercial Historic District]] includes several blocks along its namesake street as well as a few blocks of West Avenue lined with unique shops, restaurants and bars. Adjacent to the University of Arkansas campus, several of Dickson Street's establishments cater to students and locals alike. The district has been enjoying a rejuvenation that began in the 1980s by Dickson Street merchants who had watched the street turn into a dilapidated, crime-filled area. Many businesses had relocated onto College Avenue, leaving Dickson Street empty and in disrepair. The steady improvements by local entrepreneurs during this time lured the [[Walton Arts Center]], today Arkansas's premier center for arts and entertainment, to locate on Dickson Street, a decision that proved beneficial to all parties involved.<ref>{{cite web|title=Walton Arts Center: Mission and History |publisher=Walton Arts Center |url=http://www.waltonartscenter.org/aboutus/missionandhistory.aspx |access-date=July 23, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110718221549/http://www.waltonartscenter.org/aboutus/missionandhistory.aspx |archive-date=July 18, 2011 }}</ref>

The [[Walton Arts Center]] is the result of a joint effort between the City of Fayetteville and the University of Arkansas to bring arts to the city. The center is located on [[Dickson Street]] halfway between the university and the [[Fayetteville Historic Square|town square]]. It currently features a full [[Broadway theatre|Broadway theater]] season, arts camps, continuing education opportunities for teachers of the arts, university-sponsored performances in addition to serving as a host for community events. A considerable donation from the namesake [[Sam Walton|Walton family]] assisted greatly in the construction of the building.

[[TheatreSquared]], Northwest Arkansas's only year-round professional regional theatre, is located just off Dickson Street, with an annual audience of 40,000 patrons including 18,500 students reached through outreach programs. The theatre was recognized in 2011 by the [[American Theatre Wing]] as one of the nation's ten most promising emerging theatres.<ref>{{cite web |title=American Theatre Wing Recognizes 2011 National Theatre Company Grant Winners |publisher=TheaterManie |url=http://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city/news/10-2011/american-theatre-wing-announces-2011-national-thea_41779.html |access-date=February 12, 2012 |archive-date=September 4, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230904025242/https://www.theatermania.com/new-york-city/news/10-2011/american-theatre-wing-announces-2011-national-thea_41779.html/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Dickson Street is also home to George's Majestic Lounge, the oldest live music venue in Arkansas and one of the oldest bar and concert venues in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]]. Opened by George Pappas in 1927, George's was the first bar in the state to integrate in the late 1950s, and began hosting live concerts in the 1970s.

===Fayetteville Square===
[[File:Fayetteville Farmer's Market.jpg|right|thumb|Fayetteville [[farmers' market]] on the [[Fayetteville Historic Square]]]]
{{See also|Fayetteville Historic Square|Fayetteville Public Library}}
The [[Fayetteville Historic Square]] has been the center of Fayetteville since the county's first courthouse was located there in 1829. The area is surrounded by wide sidewalks, landscaped gardens, and one-way streets. The Square plays host to a variety of events, including First Thursday on the Square, the Block Street Block Party, the Lights of the Ozarks Festival, Last Night Fayetteville,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lastnightfayetteville.com |title=Last Night Fayetteville |access-date=November 26, 2013 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123062133/http://lastnightfayetteville.com/ |archive-date=November 23, 2013 }}</ref> and Fayetteville Farmer's Market. Containing boutiques, restaurants, music venues, museums, condos, the visitor center, and a convention center, the square has both historic structures and new constructions.

The [[farmers' market]] began in 1974 and runs 7am to 1pm from the first Saturday in April through the last Saturday before [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving]] set in the Fayetteville Historic Square.<ref>{{cite web |title=Fayetteville Square Farmers Market |publisher=Local Harvest |url=http://www.localharvest.org/fayetteville-square-farmers-market-M654 |date=June 10, 2010 |access-date=August 6, 2011 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928222224/http://www.localharvest.org/fayetteville-square-farmers-market-M654 |archive-date=September 28, 2011 }}</ref> Over 60 vendors provide locally grown fruits and vegetables in addition to crafts, flower bouquets, music and art, making the Fayetteville Farmers' Market very diverse. Upon receiving a grant in 2011, the Fayetteville Farmers' Market now accepts [[electronic benefit transfer]] (EBT) and food stamps.<ref name="fmc">{{cite web|title=FMC Highlights Fayetteville Farmers Market |publisher=Farmers Market Coalition |url=http://farmersmarketcoalition.org/fmc-highlights-fayetteville-farmers-market |date=August 4, 2011 |access-date=August 6, 2011 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111108165222/http://farmersmarketcoalition.org/fmc-highlights-fayetteville-farmers-market |archive-date=November 8, 2011 }}</ref> The market has been lauded by the Farmers Market Coalition for its formatting which allows farmers to interact directly with customers and also empowering each vendor with a vote before making major changes in market policy.<ref name="fmc" /> The farmers' market moves to the [[Botanical Garden of the Ozarks]] for Sunday mornings with 20–30 vendors, with some vendors also choosing to attend the Mill District Farmer's Market on Thursday evenings.

The Fayetteville Public Library, founded in 1916, was moved in October 2004 into a $23 million building, which was the first [[Sustainable architecture|"green" building]] in Arkansas. The Blair Library was awarded the 2005 Thomson Gale [[Library Journal]] Honorable Mention Library of the Year award, and as a testament to its popularity has seen its popularity increase, with twice as many items checked out in 2005 than in 1997.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.faylib.org/information/history.asp |title=Fayetteville Public Library: History |publisher=Fayetteville Public Library |year=2007 |access-date=July 31, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070314014031/http://www.faylib.org/information/history.asp |archive-date=March 14, 2007 }}</ref> The library has a local coffeeshop called Arsaga's, and hosts several events including film festivals, book signings, and public forums throughout the year.

===Historic districts and properties===
[[File:Pritchard House, Mount Nord Historic District, Fayetteville, Arkansas.jpg|right|thumb|The Pritchard House, built in 1900, is in the [[Mount Nord Historic District]].]]
{{See also|National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington County, Arkansas}}
Fayetteville contains 40 listings on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] (NRHP), the official [[Federal government of the United States|federal]] list of districts, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of preservation. The [[University of Arkansas Campus Historic District]] constitutes the historic core of the UA campus. Residential historic districts with historically and architecturally significant contributions to Fayetteville include the [[Mount Nord Historic District]], [[Washington-Willow Historic District]], and [[Wilson Park Historic District]]. The Square is anchored by five NRHP structures; the original Fayetteville post office built in 1911, the Old Bank of Fayetteville Building, the Lewis Brothers Building constructed in 1908, the Mrs. Young Building built in 1887, and the Guisinger Building. The former [[Washington County Courthouse (Arkansas)|Washington County Courthouse]] and [[Washington County Jail (Fayetteville, Arkansas)|Old Washington County Jail]] are located one block east of the Square.

The [[Headquarters House (Fayetteville, Arkansas)|Headquarters House]] served as a command post in the city for both the Union and Confederacy during the Civil War, and today serves as a museum. The [[Fayetteville National Cemetery]] is also listed on the NRHP. Built in 1867 following the Civil War, the cemetery has been expanded from its original 1,800 interments to over 7,000 interments.

Fayetteville was the first home of [[Bill Clinton|Bill]] and [[Hillary Clinton]] while they both taught law at the [[University of Arkansas School of Law]]. The house where they were married and in which they lived is now the [[Clinton House (Fayetteville, Arkansas)|Clinton House Museum]] highlighting Bill's early political life and features campaign memorabilia, a replica of Hillary's wedding dress, a photo gallery, and footage from Bill's early campaign commercials.<ref>{{cite web |title= Clinton House Museum |url= http://www.clintonhousemuseum.org |access-date= July 3, 2011 |url-status= live |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110627091046/http://www.clintonhousemuseum.org/ |archive-date= June 27, 2011 }}</ref>