Editing FIDE (section)

====World Championship divided, 1993–2006====
{{Unbalanced|section|date=November 2020}}

In 1992, [[Nigel Short]] emerged as the official challenger for Kasparov's world title after winning the [[Candidates Tournament]]. FIDE promptly accepted a bid from Manchester, England, to host the 1993 title match, but without consulting Short, as its rules required; Short was traveling to Greece at the time. Upon learning of this, Short reached out to Kasparov, who had harbored distrust for FIDE and its president, [[Florencio Campomanes]], since the abrupt end of his 1984 title match against Anatoly Karpov. Kasparov and Short concluded that FIDE had not secured the best financial deal for them and announced their decision to play under a new organization, the [[Professional Chess Association]] (PCA). In response, FIDE stripped Kasparov of his title, removed both Kasparov and Short from the official rating list, and announced a title match between Karpov and [[Jan Timman]], whom Short had defeated in the Candidates Tournament. Both Kasparov and Karpov won their respective matches, both claiming the title of world champion.<ref name="aboutchessSchism1993to1996">{{cite web | url= http://chess.about.com/od/worldchampionship/p/aa06d08.htm | title= The Schism: Two World Chess Champions (1993–1996) | last= Weeks | first= M | publisher= About.com | access-date= January 9, 2008 | archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060412133658/http://chess.about.com/od/worldchampionship/p/aa06d08.htm | archive-date= April 12, 2006 | url-status= dead | df= mdy-all }}</ref>

By 1994, Kasparov realized that separating from FIDE had been a mistake, as the split in the world championship was unpopular among commercial sponsors and most grandmasters.<ref name = "chessbase2005KasparovInterviewPart2">{{cite web | url= http://www.chessbase.com/newsdetail.asp?newsid=2326 | title=The Garry Kasparov Interview, Part 2 | author-link = Mig Greengard | last = Greengard | first = Mig | date=April 14, 2005 | publisher = Chess base}}</ref> He began efforts to mend relations with FIDE and supported Campomanes's re-election bid as FIDE president. However, many FIDE delegates viewed Campomanes as corrupt, and he agreed to resign in 1995, provided his successor was [[Kirsan Ilyumzhinov]], the president of the [[Republic of Kalmykia]].<ref name="aboutChessUnification 1994to2006">{{cite web | publisher = About.com | url = http://chess.about.com/od/worldchampionship/p/aa06i09.htm | title = The Saga of Chess Unification (1994–2006) | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071211202255/http://chess.about.com/od/worldchampionship/p/aa06i09.htm | archive-date = December 11, 2007 | df = mdy-all }}</ref>

Several attempts to reunify the world championship in the following years failed for various reasons, including financial constraints and Kasparov's opposition to any plan requiring him to play in a qualifying series. In 2000, [[Vladimir Kramnik]] defeated Kasparov in a match for the now-renamed Braingames World Chess Championship, as the PCA had dissolved by then. Kramnik, like Kasparov, was unwilling to play in a qualifying series and strongly objected to FIDE's attempt to decide the world championship through annual knockout tournaments and to shorten game time limits.<ref name = "aboutChessUnification 1994to2006" /><ref name="kramnik2005CivilizedDialogue">{{cite web | url = http://www.kramnik.com/eng/interviews/getinterview.aspx?id=35 | title = Vladimir Kramnik: "I am ready for a civilized dialogue with FIDE" | last = Vasiliev | first = Y | publisher = [[Vladimir Kramnik]] | date = November 14, 2004 | access-date = January 9, 2008 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071015125720/http://kramnik.com/eng/interviews/getinterview.aspx?id=35 | archive-date = October 15, 2007 | url-status = dead | df = mdy-all }}</ref>

In 2006, a reunification match was held between Kramnik and [[Veselin Topalov]], which Kramnik won amidst a controversy that resulted in one game being awarded to Topalov.<ref name = "aboutChessUnification 1994to2006" /><ref name = "chessgames2006Toiletgate">{{cite web | url = http://www.chessgames.com/perl/chess.pl?tid=52037 | title=Kramnik vs Topalov, 2006 – Toiletgate in Elista | publisher= Chess games}}</ref> However, the split in the world title had lingering effects, as evidenced by FIDE's complex regulations for the 2007-2009 world championship cycle. FIDE decided to grant Topalov a "fast track" entry into the 2007-2009 cycle due to his inability to compete in the [[World Chess Championship 2007|2007 World Chess Championship Tournament]]. Additionally, FIDE decided that if Kramnik did not win the 2007 championship tournament, he would play a championship match in 2008 against the winner. This provision came into effect when [[Viswanathan Anand]] won the tournament and became the world champion.