Editing Experimental cancer treatment (section)

===Noninvasive cancer heat treatment===
Heat treatment involves using radio waves to heat up tiny metals that are implanted in cancerous tissue. [[Gold nanoparticle]]s or [[carbon nanotube]]s are the most likely candidate. Promising preclinical trials have been conducted,<ref name="Studies on using radio waves against cancer are advancing">
{{cite news |title=Research on local man's cancer treatment idea shows it has promise
| author = David Templeton |newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette |date=18 January 2007 |access-date=4 November 2007 |url=http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/07018/754702-114.stm}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Gannon CJ, Cherukuri P, Yakobson BI, Cognet L, Kanzius JS, Kittrell C, Weisman RB, Pasquali M, Schmidt HK, Smalley RE, Curley SA | title = Carbon nanotube-enhanced thermal destruction of cancer cells in a noninvasive radiofrequency field | journal = Cancer | volume = 110 | issue = 12 | pages = 2654–65 | date = December 2007 | pmid = 17960610 | doi = 10.1002/cncr.23155 | s2cid = 15680068 }}</ref> although clinical trials may not be held for another few years.<ref name="The cure to cancer could be in your radio!">{{cite news |year=2007 |title=The cure to cancer could be in your radio! |publisher=Winknews.com |access-date=1 November 2007 |url=http://www.winknews.com/features/health/10949561.html |archive-date=2 November 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071102225618/http://www.winknews.com/features/health/10949561.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Another method that is entirely non-invasive referred to as [[Tumor Treating Fields]] has already reached clinical trial stage in many countries. The concept applies an [[electric field]] through a tumour region using electrodes external to the body. Successful trials have shown the process effectiveness to be greater than chemotherapy and there are no side-effects and only negligible time spent away from normal daily activities.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Pless M, Weinberg U | title = Tumor treating fields: concept, evidence and future | journal = Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs | volume = 20 | issue = 8 | pages = 1099–106 | date = August 2011 | pmid = 21548832 | doi = 10.1517/13543784.2011.583236 | s2cid = 903933 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |year=2012 |title=Tumour Treating Fields explained | publisher= ted.com |access-date=31 January 2012 |url=http://www.ted.com/talks/bill_doyle_treating_cancer_with_electric_fields.html}}</ref> This treatment is still in very early development stages for many types of cancer.

[[High-intensity focused ultrasound]] (HIFU) is still in investigatory phases in many places around the world.<ref name="Steven Mo, Constantin-C Coussios, Len Seymour & Robert Carlisle 2012 1525">{{cite journal | vauthors = Mo S, Coussios CC, Seymour L, Carlisle R | title = Ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery for cancer | journal = Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery | volume = 9 | issue = 12 | pages = 1525–38 | date = December 2012 | pmid = 23121385 | doi = 10.1517/17425247.2012.739603 | s2cid = 31178343 }}</ref> In China it has CFDA approval and over 180 treatment centres have been established in China, Hong Kong, and Korea. HIFU has been successfully used to treat cancer to destroy tumours of the bone, brain, breast, liver, pancreas, rectum, kidney, testes, and prostate. Several thousand patients have been treated with various types of tumours. HIFU has CE approval for palliative care for bone metastasis. Experimentally, palliative care has been provided for cases of advanced pancreatic cancer. High-energy therapeutic ultrasound could increase higher-density anti-cancer drug load and nanomedicines to target tumor sites by 20x fold higher than traditional target cancer therapy.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Mo S, Carlisle R, Laga R, Myers R, Graham S, Cawood R, Ulbrich K, Seymour L, Coussios CC | title = Increasing the density of nanomedicines improves their ultrasound-mediated delivery to tumours | journal = Journal of Controlled Release | volume = 210 | issue = 10 | pages = 10–8 | date = July 2015 | pmid = 25975831 | doi = 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.265 | doi-access = free }}</ref>