Editing Evolution (section)

=== Coevolution ===
{{Further|Coevolution}}
[[File:Thamnophis sirtalis sirtalis Wooster.jpg|thumb|The [[common garter snake]] has evolved resistance to the [[anti-predator adaptation|defensive substance]] [[tetrodotoxin]] in its amphibian prey.]]

Interactions between organisms can produce both conflict and cooperation. When the interaction is between pairs of species, such as a [[pathogen]] and a [[host (biology)|host]], or a predator and its prey, these species can develop matched sets of adaptations. Here, the evolution of one species causes adaptations in a second species. These changes in the second species then, in turn, cause new adaptations in the first species. This cycle of selection and response is called coevolution.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wade |first=Michael J. |s2cid=36705246 |author-link=Michael J. Wade |date=March 2007 |title=The co-evolutionary genetics of ecological communities |journal=Nature Reviews Genetics |volume=8 |issue=3 |pages=185–195 |doi=10.1038/nrg2031 |pmid=17279094}}</ref> An example is the production of [[tetrodotoxin]] in the [[rough-skinned newt]] and the evolution of tetrodotoxin resistance in its predator, the [[common garter snake]]. In this predator-prey pair, an [[evolutionary arms race]] has produced high levels of toxin in the newt and correspondingly high levels of toxin resistance in the snake.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Geffeney |first1=Shana |last2=Brodie |first2=Edmund D. Jr. |last3=Ruben |first3=Peter C. |last4=Brodie |first4=Edmund D. III |s2cid=8816337 |date=23 August 2002 |title=Mechanisms of Adaptation in a Predator-Prey Arms Race: TTX-Resistant Sodium Channels |journal=Science |volume=297 |issue=5585 |pages=1336–1339 |bibcode=2002Sci...297.1336G |doi=10.1126/science.1074310 |pmid=12193784}}
* {{cite journal |last1=Brodie |first1=Edmund D. Jr. |last2=Ridenhour |first2=Benjamin J. |last3=Brodie |first3=Edmund D. III |date=October 2002 |title=The evolutionary response of predators to dangerous prey: hotspots and coldspots in the geographic mosaic of coevolution between garter snakes and newts |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_evolution_2002-10_56_10/page/2067 |journal=Evolution |volume=56 |issue=10 |pages=2067–2082 |doi=10.1554/0014-3820(2002)056[2067:teropt]2.0.co;2 |pmid=12449493 |s2cid=8251443 |ref=none}}
* {{cite news |last=Carroll |first=Sean B. |date=21 December 2009 |title=Whatever Doesn't Kill Some Animals Can Make Them Deadly |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/22/science/22creature.html |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |location=New York |access-date=26 December 2014 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150423075609/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/22/science/22creature.html |archive-date=23 April 2015 |ref=none}}</ref>