Editing Espionage (section)

== Industrial espionage ==
{{Main|Industrial espionage}}

'''Industrial espionage''', also known as '''economic espionage''', '''corporate spying''', or '''corporate espionage''', is a form of espionage conducted for [[Commerce|commercial]] purposes instead of purely [[national security]].<ref>{{cite news |date=25 May 2013 |title=Unusual suspects: Cyber-spying grows bigger and more boring |url=https://www.economist.com/news/international/21578383-cyber-spying-grows-bigger-and-more-boring-unusual-suspects |access-date=25 May 2013 |newspaper=[[The Economist]]}}</ref> While political espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or [[Corporation|corporations]]. It may include the acquisition of [[intellectual property]], such as information on industrial manufacture, ideas, techniques and processes, recipes and formulas. Or it could include sequestration of proprietary or operational information, such as that on customer datasets, pricing, sales, marketing, research and development, policies, prospective bids, planning or marketing strategies or the changing compositions and locations of production. It may describe activities such as theft of [[trade secrets]], [[bribery]], [[blackmail]] and technological surveillance. As well as orchestrating espionage on commercial organizations, governments can also be targets – for example, to determine the terms of a tender for a government contract.

Reportedly [[Canada]] is losing $12 billion<ref>"[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/defectors-say-china-running-1-000-spies-in-canada-1.557085 Defectors say China running 1,000 spies in Canada]". CBC News. June 15, 2005.</ref> and [[Germany|German]] companies are estimated to be losing about €50 billion ($87 billion) and 30,000 jobs<ref>"[http://www.smh.com.au/world/beijings-spies-cost-german-firms-billions-says-espionage-expert-20090724-dw73.html Beijing's spies cost German firms billions, says espionage expert]". The Sydney Morning Herald. July 25, 2009.</ref> to industrial espionage every year.