Editing English orthography (section)

=== Consonants ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! colspan=2 | Spelling || Major value<br />([[Help:IPA/English|IPA]]) || Examples of major value || Other values || Examples of other values
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''b''', '''bb'''
| morpheme final after {{vr|m}} || ∅ || clim'''b'''er, num'''b'''ing, bom'''b'''ed || {{IPAc-en|b}} || lam'''b''', nim'''b'''
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|b}} || '''b'''it, e'''bb''', lim'''b'''er, '''b'''om'''b'''e, o'''b'''tain, '''b'''lood, '''b'''ring|| ∅ || com'''b'''e, '''b'''dellium, de'''b'''tor, dou'''b'''t
|-
| rowspan=3 | '''c''' || before {{vr|e, i, y, ae, oe}} || {{IPAc-en|s}} || '''c'''ellar, '''c'''ity, '''c'''yst, <br />fa'''c'''e, prin'''c'''e, ni'''c'''er<br />'''c'''aesium, '''c'''oelacanth || {{IPAc-en|tʃ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ʃ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|k}}<br />{{IPAc-en|t|s}} || '''c'''ello, vermi'''c'''elli<br />spe'''c'''ial, liquori'''c'''e<br />coer'''c'''ion<br />'''C'''elts, chi'''c'''er, syn'''c'''ing<br />letovi'''c'''ite
|-
| word initial before {{vr|n, t}} || ∅ || '''c'''nidarian, '''c'''tenoid || ||
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|k}} || '''c'''at, '''c'''ross, predi'''c'''t, opus'''c'''ule, pi'''c'''ture || ∅ || blan'''c'''mange, indi'''c'''t, mus'''c'''le, vi'''c'''tual
|-
| rowspan=2 | '''cc''' || before {{vr|e, i, y}} || {{IPAc-en|k|s}} || a'''cc'''ept, e'''cc'''entric, o'''cc'''idental || {{IPAc-en|k}}<br />{{IPAc-en|tʃ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|s}} || so'''cc'''er, re'''cc'''e, si'''cc'''ing<br />bo'''cc'''e, bre'''cc'''ia, cappu'''cc'''ino<br />fla'''cc'''id
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|k}} || a'''cc'''ount, a'''cc'''rue, o'''cc'''ur, yu'''cc'''a || ||
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''ch'''
| after {{vr|n}} || {{IPAc-en|(|t|)|ʃ}} || bran'''ch''', trun'''ch'''eon, fran'''ch'''ise, tren'''ch'''ant || {{IPAc-en|k}} <br /> {{IPAc-en|tʃ}} <br /> {{IPAc-en|ʃ}}|| in'''ch'''oate, syn'''ch'''ronise, elasmobran'''ch''' <br /> en'''ch'''ant, en'''ch'''ilada, chin'''ch'''illa <br /> pen'''ch'''ant
|-
| in words of Greek origin || {{IPAc-en|k}} || '''ch'''asm, '''ch'''imera, '''ch'''ord, li'''ch'''en || ∅ || dra'''ch'''m
|-
| in words of Modern French origin || {{IPAc-en|ʃ}} || '''ch'''aise, ma'''ch'''ine, ca'''ch'''ed, para'''ch'''ute || {{IPAc-en|k}}<br />{{IPAc-en|tʃ}} || '''ch'''emist, '''ch'''oir, ma'''ch'''ination<br />'''ch'''assis&nbsp;<small>(GA)</small>, '''ch'''eque, '''ch'''owder, ni'''ch'''e&nbsp;<small>(GA)</small>
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|tʃ}} || '''ch'''ase, '''ch'''in, atta'''ch'''ed, '''ch'''ore || {{IPAc-en|k}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ʃ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|h}}<br />{{IPAc-en|dʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|x}}<br />∅ || a'''ch'''ed, an'''ch'''or, lepre'''ch'''aun <br />ma'''ch'''ete, pista'''ch'''io, wel'''ch'''<br />'''ch'''utzpah (also with {{IPAc-en|x}}) <br /> sandwi'''ch''', Greenwi'''ch'''<br /> lo'''ch'''<br />ya'''ch'''t, Cri'''ch'''ton
|-
| colspan=2 | '''ck''' || {{IPAc-en|k}} || ta'''ck''', ti'''ck'''et || ||
|-
| colspan=2 | '''d''', '''dd''', '''dh'''|| {{IPAc-en|d}} || '''d'''ive, la'''dd'''er, jo'''dh'''purs || {{IPAc-en|t}}<br />{{IPAc-en|dʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ð}}<br />∅ || ache'''d''', crease'''d''', ice'''d''', puffe'''d''', rake'''d'''<br />gra'''d'''uate, gra'''d'''ual (both also {{IPAc-en|dj}} in RP)<br />gorse'''dd''', e'''dh'''<br />We'''d'''nesday, han'''d'''some, san'''d'''wich, ceili'''dh'''
|-
| '''dg'''
|before {{vr|e, i, y}} or a suffix|| {{IPAc-en|dʒ}} || lo'''dg'''er, pi'''dg'''in, e'''dg'''y, abri'''dg'''ment, acknowle'''dg'''ment, ju'''dg'''ment, lo'''dg'''ment, fle'''dg'''ling|| {{IPAc-en|d|ɡ}} || hea'''dg'''ear
|-
| colspan=2 | '''f''', '''ff'''|| {{IPAc-en|f}} || '''f'''ine, o'''ff''', a'''ff'''inity || {{IPAc-en|v}}
| o'''f'''
|-
| rowspan="3" | '''g''' || before {{vr|e, i, y, ae, oe}} || {{IPAc-en|ɡ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|dʒ}} || '''g'''et, ea'''g'''er, al'''g'''ae&nbsp;<small>([[Received Pronunciation|RP]])</small>, '''g'''ig <br />'''g'''el, pa'''g'''er, al'''g'''ae&nbsp;<small>([[General American|GA]])</small>, '''g'''in <br />'''g'''entle, ra'''g'''e, '''g'''igantic, re'''g'''imen|| {{IPAc-en|ʒ}} || '''g'''enre, barra'''g'''e, '''g'''igue, re'''g'''ime
|-
| before {{vr|m, n}} || ∅ || phle'''g'''my, diaphra'''g'''m<br />'''g'''nome, si'''g'''ned, poi'''g'''nant, rei'''g'''n || {{IPAc-en|ɡ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ʒ}}|| pi'''g'''my, si'''g'''net, indi'''g'''nant<br />jud'''g'''ment
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|ɡ}} || '''g'''o, '''g'''reat, le'''g''', mar'''g'''aric || {{IPAc-en|dʒ}} <br /> {{IPAc-en|x}} || mar'''g'''arine, '''g'''aol <br /> wit'''g'''at
|-
| colspan=2 | '''gg''' || {{IPAc-en|ɡ}} || da'''gg'''er, smu'''gg'''est, sta'''gg'''ering || {{IPAc-en|dʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ɡ|dʒ}} || a'''gg'''er, su'''gg'''est, exa'''gg'''erate<br />su'''gg'''est&nbsp;<small>(GA)</small>{{efn-lr|According to the ''Longman Pronunciation Dictionary'', 77% of Americans pronounce "suggest" as {{IPAc-en|s|ə|ɡ|ˈ|dʒ|ɛ|s|t}}.{{sfn|Wells|2008}}}}
|-
| rowspan=2 | '''gh''' || word-initial || {{IPAc-en|ɡ}} || '''gh'''ost, '''gh'''astly, '''gh'''etto || ||
|-
| elsewhere || ∅ || dau'''gh'''ter, throu'''gh''', frau'''gh'''t, brou'''gh'''am<br />ei'''gh'''t, hi'''gh'''er, strai'''gh'''t, si'''gh'''ed || {{IPAc-en|ə}} {{IPAc-en|oʊ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|x}} {{IPAc-en|k}}<br />{{IPAc-en|k}}<br />{{IPAc-en|f}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ɡ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ɡ|h}}<br />{{IPAc-en|p}} || bur'''gh'''<br /> lou'''gh''', sau'''gh'''<br />hou'''gh'''<br />lau'''gh'''ter, trou'''gh''', drau'''gh'''t, rou'''gh'''<br /> bur'''gh'''er, o'''gh'''am, yo'''gh'''<br />le'''gh'''orn, pi'''gh'''eaded<br /> hiccou'''gh'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''h'''
| word-final or after {{vr|r, ex}} || ∅ || o'''h''', r'''h'''ubarb, r'''h'''yme, ex'''h'''ibit, ex'''h'''aust || {{IPAc-en|h}}<br />{{IPAc-en|tʃ}} || ex'''h'''ale, ex'''h'''ume (in RP)<br />[[Hyperbolic sine|sin'''h''']]
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|h}} || '''h'''oney, '''h'''eist, '''h'''ouse, man'''h'''andle<br />doo'''h'''ickey, ve'''h'''icular ||j w ∅ || post'''h'''umous (in RP) Na'''h'''uatl '''h'''onest, '''h'''eir, '''h'''ours, piran'''h'''a<br />anni'''h'''ilate, ve'''h'''icle, ding'''h'''y
|-
| colspan=2 | '''j''' || {{IPAc-en|dʒ}} || '''j'''ump, a'''j'''ar<br />'''j'''onquil, '''J'''ulian<br />'''j'''alap, ca'''j'''ole<br />bi'''j'''ugate || {{IPAc-en|j}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|h}}<br />∅ || Hallelu'''j'''ah, f'''j'''ord<br />'''j'''ongleur, '''j'''ulienne, bi'''j'''ou<br />'''j'''alapeno, fa'''j'''ita<br />mari'''j'''uana
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''k''', '''kk''', '''kh'''
| word-initial before {{vr|n}} || ∅ || '''k'''nee, '''k'''nife, '''k'''nock || {{IPAc-en|k}} || '''k'''nish, '''K'''noebel
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|k}} || '''k'''ey, ba'''k'''e, tre'''kk'''ing, shei'''kh''', wee'''k'''night || ∅ || be'''k'''nave, cami'''k'''nickers
|-
| colspan=2 | '''l''', '''ll'''|| {{IPAc-en|l}} || va'''l'''ve, ba'''l'''cony, a'''l'''most, va'''ll'''ey, floti'''ll'''a, '''l'''ine, co'''l'''ony|| ∅<br />{{IPAc-en|j}}<br />{{IPAc-en|r}}<!-- <br />{{IPAc-en|lə}} -->|| ha'''l'''ve, ba'''l'''k, sa'''l'''mon<br />torti'''ll'''a<br />co'''l'''onel&nbsp;<small>(in rhotic accents)</small><br /><!-- '''l'''wei is is an isolated loanword to my knowledge -->
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''m''', '''mm'''
| word-initial before {{vr|n}} || ∅ || '''m'''nemonic || ||
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|m}} || '''m'''ine, ha'''mm'''er || ||
|-
| rowspan="3" |'''n''', '''nn'''
| word-final after {{vr|m}} || ∅ || hym'''n''', autum'''n''', dam'''n'''ingly || ||
|-
| before {{IPAc-en|k|,_|g}}|| {{IPAc-en|ŋ}} || i'''n'''kling, ba'''n'''gle, a'''n'''chor, mi'''n'''x || {{IPAc-en|n}} || i'''n'''cline, va'''n'''guard, ma'''n'''kind
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|n}} || '''n'''ice, fu'''nn'''y, e'''n'''zyme<br />mo'''n'''signor, dam'''n'''able, ti'''n'''||{{IPAc-en|ŋ}} <br /> ∅ || a'''n'''xiety <br /> mo'''n'''sieur
|-
| rowspan=3 | '''ng''' || word-final non-silent letter || {{IPAc-en|ŋ}} || lo'''ng''', to'''ng'''ue, ki'''ng'''ly, si'''ng'''er, cli'''ng'''y || {{IPAc-en|ŋ|ɡ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|n|dʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ŋ|(|k|)}} || lo'''ng'''er, stro'''ng'''est<br />sti'''ng'''y (''ungenerous'')<!--derived from "sting"--><br />stre'''ng'''th, amo'''ng'''st
|-
| medially otherwise || {{IPAc-en|ŋ|ɡ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|n|dʒ}}|| co'''ng'''ress, si'''ng'''ly, fi'''ng'''er, la'''ng'''uage<br />bi'''ng'''ing, wharfi'''ng'''er, di'''ng'''y, e'''ng'''aol ||{{IPAc-en|n|ɡ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ŋ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|n|ʒ}}||co'''ng'''rats, e'''ng'''age, va'''ng'''uard<br />ha'''ng'''ar, li'''ng'''onberry, a'''ng'''st <!-- 'Tongue' is not a good example, because the 'ng' sound is medial only orthographically --> <br />i'''ng'''enue, li'''ng'''erie
|-
| word-initial || {{IPAc-en|ə|ŋ|ɡ}}|| '''ng'''ana, '''ng'''ultrum, '''Ng'''uni ||{{IPAc-en|n}}|| '''ng'''aio, '''Ng'''ati
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''p''', '''pp'''
| word-initial before {{vr|n, s, t}} || ∅ || '''p'''neumonia, '''p'''syche, '''p'''tomaine || {{IPAc-en|p}} || '''p'''sst
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|p}} || '''p'''ill, ha'''pp'''y, sou'''p''', cor'''p'''se, scri'''p'''t || ∅ || cou'''p''', cor'''p'''s, recei'''p'''t, ras'''p'''berry
|-
| colspan=2 | '''ph''', '''pph'''|| {{IPAc-en|f}} || '''ph'''otogra'''ph''', sa'''pph'''ire || {{IPAc-en|v}}<br />{{IPAc-en|p}}<br />{{IPAc-en|p|h}}<br />∅ ||Ste'''ph'''en<br />she'''ph'''erd, <br />kni'''ph'''ofia, dro'''ph'''ead<br />apo'''ph'''thegm
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''q'''
|in words of Chinese origin || {{IPAc-en|tʃ}} || '''q'''i, '''q'''igong, gu'''q'''in || ||
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|k}}|| Ira'''q''', wa'''q'''f, ya'''q'''ona, mba'''q'''anga, '''q'''iviut || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''r''', '''rr''', '''rh''', '''rrh'''
|
* before a consonant
* finally
* before final {{vr|e}}
| {{IPAc-en|r}}, ∅ in [[non-rhotic]] || ca'''r'''t, hu'''r'''t<br />fi'''r''', walke'''r''', tea'''r''', bu'''rr''', my'''rrh'''<br />ca'''r'''e|| ∅ || sa'''r'''saparilla, fo'''r'''ecastle
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|r}}|| '''r'''ay, pa'''rr'''ot, '''rh'''yme, dia'''rrh'''oea || ∅ || i'''r'''on<!-- According to Longman {{IPAc-en|aɪən}} in RP, {{IPAc-en|aɪərn}} in GA. In neither is there an {{IPAc-en|r}} between the vowels-->, c'''r'''oissant&nbsp;<small>(RP)</small><!-- {{IPAc-en|k|wæ..}}, some British dictionaries suggest American pronunciation is {{IPAc-en|k|wɑː..}} but American dictionaries include the {{IPAc-en|r}}-->, hors d'oeuv'''r'''e (some pronunciations)
|-
|colspan="6"| See [[#Combinations of vowel letters and ⟨r⟩|below]] for combinations of vowel letters and {{Vr|r}}
|-
| rowspan="4" |'''s'''
| word-final -{{vr|s}} [[morpheme]]<br />after a [[Fortis and lenis|fortis]] sound || {{IPAc-en|s}} || pet'''s''', shop'''s''' || ||
|-
| word-final -{{vr|s}} morpheme<br />after a [[lenis]] sound || {{IPAc-en|z}} || bed'''s''', magaz|ine'''s''' || ||
|-
| between vowels || {{IPAc-en|z}} || phra'''s'''es, pri'''s'''on, plea'''s'''ing || {{IPAc-en|s}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ʒ}}
| ba'''s'''es, bi'''s'''on, lea'''s'''ing<!-- is there really a rule here?--><br />vi'''s'''ion, clo'''s'''ure
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|s}} || '''s'''ong, a'''s'''k, mi'''s'''led || {{IPAc-en|z}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ʃ}}<br />∅ || i'''s''', len'''s''', ra'''s'''pberry<br />'''s'''ugar, ten'''s'''ion<br />i'''s'''land, ai'''s'''le, debri'''s''', me'''s'''ne
|-
| '''sc'''
|before {{vr|e, i, y}}|| {{IPAc-en|s}} || '''sc'''ene, '''sc'''epter, '''sc'''issors, '''sc'''ythe || {{IPAc-en|s|k}} <br />{{IPAc-en|ʃ}} <br />{{IPAc-en|z}}|| '''sc'''eptic, '''sc'''irrhus<br /> fa'''sc'''ism<br /> cre'''sc'''ent&nbsp;<small>(RP)</small>, di'''sc'''ern
|-
| colspan=2 | '''sch''' || {{IPAc-en|ʃ}} || '''sch'''edule&nbsp;<small>(RP)</small>, '''sch'''ist, e'''sch'''alot || {{IPAc-en|s|k}} <br />{{IPAc-en|s}}<br />{{IPAc-en|s|_|tʃ}} || '''sch'''ool, '''sch'''eme, <br />'''sch'''izoid,<br />i'''sch'''emia, e'''sch'''ar<br /> '''sch'''ism&nbsp;<small>(RP)</small><br />mi'''sch'''ief, e'''sch'''ew
|-
| colspan=2 | '''sh''' || {{IPAc-en|ʃ}} || '''sh'''in, fa'''sh'''ion, wi'''sh''', <br />Lewi'''sh'''am, fore'''sh'''ore, kin'''sh'''ip || {{IPAc-en|s|_|h}}<br /> {{IPAc-en|z|_|h}}<br />{{IPAc-en|s|_|ʃ}}<br /> {{IPAc-en|ʃ|_|h}}<br /> {{IPAc-en|s}} || mi'''sh'''ap, mi'''sh'''it<br />hog'''sh'''ead<br />tran'''sh'''ip<br />thre'''sh'''old<br />di'''sh'''onour
|-
| colspan=2 | '''ss''' || {{IPAc-en|s}} || bo'''ss''', a'''ss'''ign, narci'''ss'''us<br />di'''ss'''ert, po'''ss'''es, bra'''ss'''ier, <br />fine'''ss'''e, ce'''ss'''pool, mi'''ss'''out ||{{IPAc-en|ʃ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|z}}<br />{{IPAc-en|s|_|s}} || ti'''ss'''ue, pa'''ss'''ion<br />resci'''ss'''ion, sci'''ss'''ure<br />de'''ss'''ert, po'''ss'''ess, bra'''ss'''iere, sci'''ss'''or<br />di'''ss'''eat, mi'''ss'''pell, mi'''ss'''ort
|-
| colspan=2 | '''sw''' || {{IPAc-en|s|w}} || '''sw'''ore, '''sw'''an, '''sw'''ift || {{IPAc-en|s}}<br />{{IPAc-en|z|w}}<br />∅ ||
'''sw'''ord, an'''sw'''er<br />men'''sw'''ear<br /> cox'''sw'''ain
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''t''', '''tt'''
| in -{{vr|sten, stle}} || ∅ || has'''t'''en, lis'''t'''ens, rus'''t'''ling, this'''t'''les || {{IPAc-en|t}} || tungs'''t'''en, lis'''t'''less
<!-- the unstressed -ften rule was for two words (soften, often), while a quarter of the people in the UK and the US pronounce "often" with a T. Seemed too specific-->
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|t}} || '''t'''en, bi'''tt'''er, e'''t'''iology,<br />nas'''t'''ier, a'''tt'''une, pi'''t'''eous,<br />ca'''t'''ion,<br />sof'''t'''er, walle'''t''', gris'''t'''mill,<br />has'''t'''e, dishear'''t'''en|| {{IPAc-en|ʃ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|tʃ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|d}}<br />∅<br />{{IPAc-en|θ}}
| ra'''t'''ion, mar'''t'''ial, cau'''t'''ious<br />bas'''t'''ion, na'''t'''ure, for'''t'''une, righ'''t'''eous<br />equa'''t'''ion, transi'''t'''ion&nbsp;<small>(RP)</small><br />kindergar'''t'''en&nbsp;<small>(GA)</small><br />sof'''t'''en, balle'''t''', Chris'''t'''mas, mor'''t'''gage<br />[[Hyperbolic tangent|'''t'''anh]]
|-
| colspan=2 | '''tch''' || {{IPAc-en|tʃ}} || ba'''tch''', ki'''tch'''en || ||
|-
| colspan=2 | '''[[Pronunciation of English th|th]]''' || {{IPAc-en|θ}} <br />{{IPAc-en|ð}} || absin'''th'''e<br />bo'''th'''er, soo'''th'''e || {{IPAc-en|t}} <br />{{IPAc-en|t|θ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|t|h}}<br />{{IPAc-en|tʃ}}<br />∅<br /> || '''th'''yme<br /> eigh'''th'''<br />ou'''th'''ouse, po'''th'''erb&nbsp;<small>(RP)</small><br />pos'''th'''umous&nbsp;<small>(GA)</small><br />as'''th'''ma

|-
| colspan=2 | '''v''', '''vv'''|| {{IPAc-en|v}} || '''v'''ine, hea'''v'''y, sa'''vv'''y, re'''v'''eled, re'''vv'''ed || ||
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''w'''
| before {{vr|r}}|| ∅{{efn-lr|{{IPAc-en|w}} in [[Scottish English]].}} || '''wr'''ong, '''wr'''ist, a'''wr'''y || ||
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|w}} || s'''w'''ard, s'''w'''erve, '''w'''ale ||∅<br />{{IPAc-en|v}} || t'''w'''o, s'''w'''ord, ans'''w'''er, gun'''w'''ale<br />'''W'''eltanschauung, '''w'''itgat
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''wh'''-
|before {{Vr|o}}|| {{IPAc-en|h}} || '''wh'''o, '''wh'''ole || {{IPAc-en|w}}{{efn-lr|name="hw"}}|| '''wh'''opping, '''wh'''orl
|-
|elsewhere|| {{IPAc-en|w}}{{efn-lr|name="hw"|Or {{IPAc-en|hw}} in Scottish English, Hiberno-English, Southern American English and, less commonly, other variations (including RP).}}|| '''wh'''eel || {{IPAc-en|f}} || '''wh'''ew&nbsp;<small>(RP)</small>, '''wh'''anau<!-- proper, and foreign, name:, '''Wh'''angarei -->
|-
| rowspan=4 | '''x''' || word-initial || {{IPAc-en|z}} || '''x'''ylophone, '''x'''enon, '''x'''enophobia || ||
|-
| after {{vr|e}}-, and before a vowel || {{IPAc-en|ɡ|z}} || e'''x'''ample, e'''x'''ist, e'''x'''otic, e'''x'''ult<br /> e'''x'''istential, e'''x'''ultation, e'''x'''it{{efn-lr|About half of both British and American speakers say {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|k|s|ɪ|t}}, the other half says {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛ|ɡ|z|ɪ|t}}.{{sfn|Wells|2008}}}}|| {{IPAc-en|k|s}}<br />{{IPAc-en|z}} || e'''x'''ogenous, e'''x'''ercise
|-
| elsewhere || {{IPAc-en|k|s}} || bo'''x'''es, mi'''x'''es, e'''x'''pect, ta'''x'''ation, tu'''x'''edo, pro'''x'''imity, <br />jin'''x'''ed, ne'''x'''t, si'''x''', ta'''x'''i || {{IPAc-en|ɡ|z}}<br />{{IPAc-en|ɡ|ʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|k|ʃ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|z}}<br />∅ || Ale'''x'''ander, au'''x'''iliary<br /> lu'''x'''ury&nbsp;<small>(GA)</small>{{efn-lr|name=luxury|Nearly 80% of Americans pronounce ''luxurious'' with {{IPAc-en|ɡ|ʒ}}, while two thirds of British people use {{IPAc-en|k|ʒ}}. Half the American speakers pronounce ''luxury'' as {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|ɡ|ʒ|ər|i}}, the rest says {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ʌ|k|ʃ|ər|i}}.{{sfn|Wells|2008}}}} an'''x'''iety <br />an'''x'''ious, lu'''x'''ury, se'''x'''ual&nbsp;<small>(GA)</small> lu'''x'''urious{{efn-lr|name=luxury}} <br />plateau'''x''', chateau'''x'''<br />fau'''x'''-pas, rou'''x'''
|- 
| in words of Chinese or Mesoamerican origin || {{IPAc-en|ʃ}} || '''x'''iangqi, '''x'''oloitzcuintle ||
|-
| '''xc'''
|before {{vr|e, i}}|| {{IPAc-en|k|s}} || e'''xc'''ellent, e'''xc'''ept, e'''xc'''ited || ||
|-
| colspan=2 | '''xh'''|| {{IPAc-en|k|sh}} ||e'''xh'''ale, e'''xh'''ume, fo'''xh'''ole || {{IPAc-en|k|s}}<br />{{IPAc-en|g|z}}|| e'''xh'''ibition, Vau'''xh'''all<br />e'''xh'''aust, e'''xh'''ibit<br />e'''xh'''ilarating, e'''xh'''ortation
|-
| colspan=2 | '''y'''- || {{IPAc-en|j}}|| '''y'''es, '''y'''oung || {{IPAc-en|ð}} || '''y'''e&nbsp;<small>(mock archaic)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 | '''z''', '''zz'''|| {{IPAc-en|z}} || ga'''z'''ump, sei'''z'''ed, cra'''z'''ier,<br /> rhi'''z'''oophagous, pi'''zz'''a'''zz''',<br />'''z'''oo, qui'''z''' || {{IPAc-en|ʒ}}<br />{{IPAc-en|t|s}}<br /> dz <br />∅ || a'''z'''ure, sei'''z'''ure, bra'''z'''ier&nbsp;<small>(GA)</small><br />schi'''z'''ophrenic, pi'''zz'''as<br /> jiao'''z'''i <br />rende'''z'''vous
|}
{{notelist-lr}}