Editing Emotion (section)

==== Contemporary ====
More contemporary views along the [[evolutionary psychology]] spectrum posit that both basic emotions and social emotions evolved to motivate (social) behaviors that were adaptive in the ancestral environment.<ref name="Gaulin 6">Gaulin, Steven J.C. and Donald H. McBurney (2003). ''Evolutionary Psychology''. Prentice Hall. {{ISBN|978-0131115293}}, Chapter 6, pp. 121–142.</ref> Emotion is an essential part of any human decision-making and planning, and the famous distinction made between reason and emotion is not as clear as it seems.<ref name="pmid25251484">{{cite journal|vauthors=Lerner JS, Li Y, Valdesolo P, Kassam KS|title=Emotion and decision making|journal=[[Annual Review of Psychology]]|volume=66|pages=799–823|date=January 2015|pmid=25251484|doi=10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115043|s2cid=5622279 |url=https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jenniferlerner/files/annual_review_manuscript_june_16_final.final_.pdf|access-date=8 July 2019|archive-date=17 July 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190717154321/https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/jenniferlerner/files/annual_review_manuscript_june_16_final.final_.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref> Paul D. MacLean claims that emotion competes with even more instinctive responses, on one hand, and the more abstract reasoning, on the other hand. The increased potential in [[neuroimaging]] has also allowed investigation into evolutionarily ancient parts of the brain. Important neurological advances were derived from these perspectives in the 1990s by [[Joseph E. LeDoux]] and [[Antonio Damasio]]. For example, in an extensive study of a subject with [[ventromedial prefrontal cortex|ventromedial frontal lobe]] damage described in the book [[Descartes' Error]], Damasio demonstrated how loss of physiological capacity for emotion resulted in the subject's lost capacity to make decisions despite having robust faculties for rationally assessing options.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Damásio|first1= António |title= Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain |date= 1994 |publisher=Putnam |isbn=0-399-13894-3|author1-link=António Damásio}}</ref> Research on physiological emotion has caused modern neuroscience to abandon the model of emotions and rationality as opposing forces. In contrast to the ancient Greek ideal of dispassionate reason, the neuroscience of emotion shows that emotion is necessarily integrated with intellect.<ref>{{cite book|last1=de Waal |first1= Frans |title=Mama's Last Hug: Animal Emotions and What They Tell Us about Ourselves|date= 2019|isbn=978-0-393-63506-5|publisher=W.W. Norton|location=New York |author1-link=Frans de Waal}}</ref>

Research on social emotion also focuses on the physical displays of emotion including body language of animals and humans (see [[affect display]]). For example, spite seems to work against the individual but it can establish an individual's reputation as someone to be feared.<ref name="Gaulin 6"/> Shame and pride can motivate behaviors that help one maintain one's standing in a community, and self-esteem is one's estimate of one's status.<ref name="Gaulin 6"/><ref>{{cite book|last=Wright |first=Robert |author-link=Robert Wright (journalist) |title=The Moral Animal |title-link=The Moral Animal |year=1994 |isbn=0-679-76399-6 |oclc=33496013 |publisher=Vintage Books}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=March 2023}}