Editing Elm (section)

===Landscaped parks===
====Central Park====
[[File:USA-NYC-Central Park-The Mall.JPG|thumb|right|American elm trees along the Mall and Literary Walk in New York City's  [[Central Park]] (2013)]]
The oldest American elm trees in New York City's [[Central Park]]  were planted in the 1860s by [[Frederick Law Olmsted]], making them among the oldest stands of American elms in the world. Along the Mall and Literary Walk four lines of American elms stretch over the walkway forming a cathedral-like covering. A part of New York City's [[urban ecology]], the elms improve air and water quality, reduce erosion and flooding, and decrease air temperatures during warm days.<ref>[[Central Park Conservancy]]. [http://www.centralparknyc.org/things-to-see-and-do/attractions/mall-literary-walk.html The Mall and Literary Walk] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160510085304/http://www.centralparknyc.org/things-to-see-and-do/attractions/mall-literary-walk.html |date=10 May 2016 }}.</ref>

While the stand is still vulnerable to DED, in the 1980s the [[Central Park Conservancy]] undertook aggressive countermeasures such as heavy pruning and removal of extensively diseased trees. These efforts have largely been successful in saving the majority of the trees, although several are still lost each year. Younger American elms that have been planted in Central Park since the outbreak are of the DED-resistant 'Princeton' and 'Valley Forge' cultivars.<ref>Pollak, Michael. ''The New York Times''. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/nyregion/answers-to-questions-about-new-york.html?_r=0 Answers to Questions About New York] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160401141020/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/13/nyregion/answers-to-questions-about-new-york.html?_r=0 |date=April 1, 2016 }}." 11 January 2013.</ref>

====National Mall====
[[File:Defense.gov photo essay 060911-D-7203T-018.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rows of American elm trees line a path south of the [[Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool]] on the National Mall in Washington, DC (November 11, 2006)]]

Several rows of American elm trees that the National Park Service (NPS) first planted during the 1930s line much of the {{convert|1.9|mi|km|adj=mid|-length|abbr=off|sp=us}} of the [[National Mall]] in Washington, DC. DED first appeared on the trees during the 1950s and reached a peak in the 1970s. The NPS used a number of methods to control the [[epidemic]], including [[sanitation]], [[pruning]], injecting trees with [[fungicide]], and replanting with DED-resistant cultivars. The NPS combated the disease's local insect [[Vector (epidemiology)|vector]], the smaller European elm bark beetle (''[[Scolytus multistriatus]]''), by trapping and by spraying with [[insecticide]]s. As a result, the population of American elms planted on the Mall and its surrounding areas has remained intact for more than 80 years.<ref>{{cite book|last=Sherald |first=James L |url=http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/ElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf |title=Elms for the Monumental Core: History and Management Plan |id=Natural Resource Report NPS/NCR/NRR--2009/001 |place=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Center for Urban Ecology, National Capital Region, [[National Park Service]] |date=December 2009 |access-date=2010-10-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101129074707/http://www.nps.gov/nationalmallplan/Documents/Studies/ElmsoftheMonuCore_HistandMgmtPlan_122009.pdf|archive-date=2010-11-29}}</ref>