Editing Electronic music (section)

===Computer music===
{{Main|Computer music}}
{{See also|Music-N|Algorithmic composition}}

Musical melodies were first generated by the computer [[CSIRAC]] in Australia in 1950. There were newspaper reports from America and England (early and recently) that computers may have played music earlier, but thorough research has debunked these stories as there is no evidence to support the newspaper reports (some of which were obviously speculative). Research has shown that people ''speculated'' about computers playing music, possibly because computers would make noises,<ref name="Algorhythmic Listening 1949-1962 Auditory Practices of Early Mainframe Computing">{{cite web |title=Algorhythmic Listening 1949–1962 Auditory Practices of Early Mainframe Computing |url=http://www.computing-conference.ugent.be/file/12 |work=AISB/IACAP World Congress 2012 |access-date=18 October 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107072033/http://www.computing-conference.ugent.be/file/12 |archive-date=7 November 2017 }}</ref> but there is no evidence that they actually did it.<ref name="Early Computer Music Experiments in Australia, England and the USA">{{cite journal|title=MuSA 2017 – Early Computer Music Experiments in Australia, England and the USA |url=https://www.academia.edu/34234640 |journal=MuSA Conference|access-date=18 October 2017 |date=9 July 2017|last1=Doornbusch |first1=Paul }}</ref><ref name="Doornbusch">{{cite journal|last=Doornbusch|first=Paul|title= Early Computer Music Experiments in Australia and England |journal=[[Organised Sound]]|date=2017|volume=22|issue=2|pages=297–307 [11]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|doi=10.1017/S1355771817000206|doi-access=free}}</ref>

The world's first computer to play music was [[CSIRAC]], which was designed and built by [[Trevor Pearcey]] and Maston Beard in the 1950s. Mathematician Geoff Hill programmed the CSIRAC to play popular musical melodies from the very early 1950s. In 1951 it publicly played the "[[Colonel Bogey March]]"<ref>{{Cite web| last = Doornbusch | first = Paul| title = The Music of CSIRAC | date = 29 June 2009| publisher = Melbourne School of Engineering, Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering| url = http://www.csse.unimelb.edu.au/dept/about/csirac/music/introduction.html |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20120118000725/http://www.csse.unimelb.edu.au/dept/about/csirac/music/introduction.html |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref> of which no known recordings exist.
However, [[CSIRAC]] played standard repertoire and was not used to extend musical thinking or composition practice which is current computer-music practice.

The first music to be performed in England was a performance of the [[God Save the King|British National Anthem]] that was programmed by [[Christopher Strachey]] on the Ferranti Mark I, late in 1951. Later that year, short extracts of three pieces were recorded there by a [[BBC]] outside broadcasting unit: the National Anthem, "[[Ba, Ba Black Sheep]]", and "[[In the Mood]]" and this is recognised as the earliest recording of a computer to play music. This recording can be heard at [http://curation.cs.manchester.ac.uk/digital60/www.digital60.org/media/index.html this Manchester University site]. Researchers at the [[University of Canterbury]], Christchurch declicked and restored this recording in 2016 and the results may be heard on [[SoundCloud]].<ref name="Turing">{{cite web|title=First recording of computer-generated music – created by Alan Turing – restored |url=https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/sep/26/first-recording-computer-generated-music-created-alan-turing-restored-enigma-code |work=[[The Guardian]] |access-date=28 August 2017 |date=26 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="BL-2016-09">{{cite web|title=Restoring the first recording of computer music – Sound and vision blog|url=http://blogs.bl.uk/sound-and-vision/2016/09/restoring-the-first-recording-of-computer-music.html|publisher=[[British Library]]|access-date=28 August 2017|language=en|date=13 September 2016}}</ref><ref name="Fildes2008" />

The late 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s also saw the development of large mainframe computer synthesis. Starting in 1957, Max Mathews of Bell Labs developed the MUSIC programs, culminating in [[MUSIC-N|MUSIC V]], a direct digital synthesis language.{{sfn|Mattis|2001}} [[Laurie Spiegel]] developed the [[Algorithmic composition|algorithmic musical composition]] software "[[Music Mouse]]" (1986) for [[classic Mac OS|Macintosh]], [[Amiga]], and [[Atari]] computers.