Editing Economy of Ukraine (section)

====Mining and production====
Ukraine is one of the world's most important mineral producing countries,<ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-05-08 |title=Mining - UkraineInvest |url=https://ukraineinvest.gov.ua/en/industries/mining/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |language=en-US}}</ref> in terms of both the range and size of its reserves. There are nearly 8,000 separate deposits, harboring some 90 different minerals, of which about 20 are economically significant.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine Critical Minerals Portfolio |url=https://www.geo.gov.ua/wp-content/uploads/presentations/en/critical-minerals-portfolio.pdf |access-date=April 13, 2024 |publisher=Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine, Ukrainian Geological Survey}}</ref> About half of all the known deposits are under exploitation. Coal reserves in Ukraine amount to 47.1 billion tons. The annual domestic demand for coal as fuel is about 100 million tons, of which 85 percent can be satisfied by domestic production.

Ukraine has oil and gas fields that meet 10 percent of its oil and 20 percent of its gas consumption, respectively. Ukraine contains natural gas reserves of {{convert|39.6|e9cuft|abbr=off}}, but only about 20 percent of Ukraine's demand is met by domestic production. Deposits of iron ore (estimated at 28 billion tons),<ref>{{Cite web |last=kgi-admin |date=2023-03-24 |title=Iron ore production in the Ukraine and major projects |url=https://www.mining-technology.com/data-insights/iron-ore-in-the-ukraine/ |access-date=2024-04-12 |website=Mining Technology |language=en-US}}</ref> manganese ore (3 billion tons), chalk and limestone (1.5 billion tons) are also large in Ukraine. The domestic industrial sector suffers from constant energy shortages and energy supply payment debts totaling about $792 million at the end of 1995. Ukraine increased oil and gas production in 2023 up to 18.7 bcm.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ukraine increased gas production by 0.9% - up to 18.7 bcm in 2023 — EXPRO Consulting |url=https://expro.com.ua/en/tidings/ukraine-increased-gas-production-by-09-up-to-187-bcm-in-2023 |access-date=2024-04-10 |website=expro.com.ua |language=en}}</ref>

In 2019, Ukraine was the 7th largest world producer of iron ore,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-iron-ore.pdf|title=USGS Iron Ore Production Statistics}}</ref> the world's 8th largest producer of [[manganese]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-manganese.pdf|title=USGS Manganese Production Statistics}}</ref> 6th largest producer of [[titanium]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-titanium-minerals.pdf|title=USGS Titanium Production Statistics}}</ref> and 7th largest producer worldwide of [[graphite]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-graphite.pdf|title=USGS Graphite Production Statistics}}</ref> Ukraine was the world's 9th largest producer of [[uranium]] in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.world-nuclear.org/information-library/nuclear-fuel-cycle/mining-of-uranium/world-uranium-mining-production.aspx|title=World Uranium Mining – World Nuclear Association|website=www.world-nuclear.org}}</ref> Before the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine|2022 escalation of the war with Russia]] Ukraine supplied about 50% of the world's [[Neon|neon gas]] and 40% of its [[krypton]], both of which are needed for the production of semiconductors.<ref>{{cite web|title=Low on gas: Ukraine invasion chokes supply of neon needed for chipmaking|date=4 March 2022|work=Financial Times|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2022/03/low-on-gas-ukraine-invasion-chokes-supply-of-neon-needed-for-chipmaking/}}</ref> It is estimated that over 90% of U.S. semiconductor-grade neon supplies were imported from Ukraine.<ref>{{cite web|title=Russia could hit U.S. chip industry, White House warns|work=Reuters|author1=Alexandra Alper|author2=Alexandra Alper|date=11 February 2022|access-date=9 March 2022|url=https://www.reuters.com/technology/white-house-tells-chip-industry-brace-russian-supply-disruptions-2022-02-11/}}</ref>

=====Iron and steel=====
{{Further|Metal production in Ukraine}}
Ukraine is rich in mineral deposits, including iron ore (of which it once produced 50 percent of the entire Soviet output), manganese ore (of which it produced 40 percent of world output during the Soviet era), mercury, titanium,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unian.info/economics/1719371-ukraines-2016-exports-of-titanium-ore-up-571-on-year.html|title=Ukraine's 2016 exports of titanium ore up 57.1% on year|publisher=[[UNIAN]]|date=12 January 2017}}</ref> and nickel.

Ukraine has a major ferrous metal industry, producing [[cast iron]], steel, and pipes. Among its economy leading companies in that field are [[Metinvest]], [[ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih|Kryvorizhstal]], AzovStal, [[Illich Steel and Iron Works|Ilyich Steel & Iron Works]], and others. As of 2012, Ukraine is the world's [[List of countries by steel production|tenth largest steel producer]] (according to the [[World Steel Association]]).