Editing Economy of Finland (section)

==Companies==
{{See also|List of largest companies in Finland}}[[Image:Aleksanterinkatu Helsinki summer.jpg|thumb|right|[[Aleksanterinkatu]], a commercial street in Helsinki.]]
Notable companies in Finland include [[Nokia]], the former market leader in mobile telephony; [[Stora Enso]], the largest paper manufacturer in the world; [[Neste Oil]], an oil refining and marketing company; [[UPM (company)|UPM-Kymmene]], the third largest paper manufacturer in the world; [[Aker Finnyards]], the manufacturer of the world's largest cruise ships (such as [[Royal Caribbean International|Royal Caribbean's]] ''[[MS Freedom of the Seas|Freedom of the Seas]]''); [[Rovio Mobile]], video game developer most notable for creating [[Angry Birds]]; [[KONE]], a manufacturer of elevators and escalators; [[Wärtsilä]], a producer of power plants and ship engines; and [[Finnair]], the largest [[Helsinki-Vantaa]] based international [[airline]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.largestcompanies.com/default$/lev2-TopList/lev2Desc-The_largest_companies_(turnover)/AdPageId-102/list-2/cc-FI/ |title=The largest companies (turnover) |work=Largestcompanies.com |access-date=30 April 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071211110910/http://www.largestcompanies.com/default$/lev2-TopList/lev2Desc-The_largest_companies_(turnover)/AdPageId-102/list-2/cc-FI/ |archive-date=11 December 2007 }}</ref> Additionally, many Nordic design firms are headquartered in Finland.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.linkedin.com/company/iittala-group |title=Iittala Group |website=Linkedin.com |access-date=8 December 2012 |archive-date=3 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150903223909/http://www.linkedin.com/company/iittala-group }}</ref> These include the [[Fiskars]] owned [[Iittala Group]], [[Artek (company)|Artek]] a furniture design firm co-created by Alvar Aalto, and [[Marimekko]] made famous by [[Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/quick-history-marimekko-133666 |title=Quick History: Marimekko|website=Apartmenttherapy.com|access-date=8 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.finnishdesign.com/finnish-design-companies/artek |title=Artek |access-date=8 December 2012}}</ref> Finland has sophisticated financial markets comparable to the UK in efficiency.<ref name="economicfreedom"/> Though foreign investment is not as high as some other European countries, the largest foreign-headquartered companies included names such as [[ABB]], [[Tellabs]], [[Carlsberg Group|Carlsberg]] and [[Siemens]].<ref name="ownership">{{cite web |last=Puttonen |first=Vesa |date=26 March 2009 |title=Onko omistamisella väliä? |url=http://www.eva.fi/files/804_onko_omistamisella_valia.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326210604/http://www.eva.fi/files/804_onko_omistamisella_valia.pdf |archive-date=26 March 2009 |access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref>

Around 70-80% of the equity quoted on the [[Helsinki Stock Exchange]] are owned by foreign-registered entities.<ref>{{cite web |date=19 December 2008 |title=Foreign Ownership on Foreign Stock Exchanges |url=http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/ImgLib/3/133/ecograph2.gif |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219174433/http://virtual.finland.fi/netcomm/ImgLib/3/133/ecograph2.gif |archive-date=19 December 2008 |access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref> The larger companies get most of their revenue from abroad, and the majority of their employees work outside the country. Cross-shareholding has been abolished and there is a trend towards an Anglo-Saxon style of [[corporate governance]]. However, only around 15% of residents have invested in stock market, compared to 20% in France, and 50% in the US.<ref name="ownership"/>

Between 2000 and 2003, early stage venture capital investments relative to GDP were 8.5% against 4% in the EU and 11.5 in the US. Later stage investments fell to the EU median.<ref name="nordicmodel">{{cite web |last1=Andersen |first1=Torben M. |last2=Holmström |first2=Bengt |last3=Honkopohja |first3=Seppo |last4=Korkman |first4=Sixten |last5=Söderström |first5=Hans Tson |last6=Vartiainen |first6=Juhana |date=4 December 2007 |title=The Nordic Model, Embracing Globalization and Sharing Risks |url=http://www.etla.fi/files/1892_the_nordic_model_complete.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120905212132/http://www.etla.fi/files/1892_the_nordic_model_complete.pdf |archive-date=5 September 2012 |access-date=29 December 2017}}</ref> Invest in Finland and other programs attempt to attract investment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.investinfinland.fi/ |title=Invest in Finland |publisher=Investinfinland.fi |access-date=26 April 2015}}</ref> In 2000 [[Foreign direct investment|FDI]] from Finland to overseas was 20 billion euro and from overseas to Finland 7 billion euro. Acquisitions and mergers have internationalized business in Finland.

Although some privatization has been gradually done, there are still several [[Government-owned corporation|state-owned companies]] of importance. The government keeps them as strategic assets or because they are [[natural monopoly]]. These include e.g. [[Neste]] (oil refining and marketing), [[VR (company)|VR]] (rail), [[Finnair]], [[VTT]] (research) and [[Posti Group]] (mail).<ref>{{cite web|title=State majority-owned companies|url=http://vnk.fi/en/state-majority-owned-companies|website=Vnk.fi|access-date=29 November 2017|archive-date=1 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201032642/http://vnk.fi/en/state-majority-owned-companies}}</ref> Depending on the strategic importance, the government may hold either 100%, 51% or less than 50% stock. Most of these have been transformed into regular limited companies, but some are quasi-governmental (''liikelaitos''), with debt backed by the state, as in the case of VTT.

In 2022, the sector with the highest number of companies registered in Finland is Services with 191,796 companies followed by Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate and Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing with 159,158 and 102,452 companies respectively.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.hithorizons.com/eu/analyses/country-statistics/finland | title=Industry Breakdown of Companies in Finland | website=HitHorizons}}</ref>