Editing Economy of Canada (section)

====Oil and gas====
{{See also|Petroleum production in Canada}}
[[File:SyncrudeWoodBuffalo.JPG|thumb|[[Syncrude]]'s Mildred Lake plant site at the [[Athabasca oil sands]] in [[Alberta]]]]
Canada possesses extensive oil and gas resources centered in Alberta, and the Northern Territories but is also present in neighboring [[British Columbia]] and [[Saskatchewan]]. The vast [[Athabasca oil sands]] give Canada the world's third-largest reserves of oil after Saudi Arabia and Venezuela, according to [[USGS]]. The oil and gas industry represents 27% of Canada's total [[greenhouse gas emissions]], an increase of 84% since 1990, mostly due to the development of the oil sands.<ref name=":0" />

Historically, an important issue in Canadian politics is the interplay between the oil and energy industry in [[Western Canada]] and the industrial heartland of Southern Ontario. Foreign investment in Western oil projects has fueled [[Canada]]'s rising dollar. This has raised the price of Ontario's manufacturing exports and made them less competitive, a problem similar to the [[Dutch disease|decline of the manufacturing sector in the Netherlands]].<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/07/20/growing-equalization-payments-to-ontario-threaten-country-expert/|title=Growing Equalization Payments to Ontario Threaten Country|author=Lee Greenberg|date=July 20, 2011|newspaper=National Post}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Does the Canadian economy suffer from Dutch Disease? |author1=Michel Beine |author2=Charles S. Bos |author3=Serge Coulombe |date=January 2009 |url=http://www.economie.uqam.ca/pages/docs/Beine_Michel.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117204453/http://www.economie.uqam.ca/pages/docs/Beine_Michel.pdf |archive-date=November 17, 2011 }}</ref>

The [[National Energy Policy]] of the early 1980s attempted to make Canada oil-sufficient and to ensure equal supply and price of oil in all parts of Canada, especially for the eastern manufacturing base.<ref name="canadian_eclopedia">{{citation |title=National Energy Program |encyclopedia=The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historica Foundation of Canada |date=January 2005 |url=https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/national-energy-program |access-date=March 31, 2020 |archive-date=May 19, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180519131210/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/en/article/national-energy-program/ |url-status=live}}</ref> This policy proved deeply divisive as it forced Alberta to sell low-priced oil to eastern Canada.<ref name="National_Post_2012">{{citation |title=A legacy rich as oil: Ex-Alberta premier Peter Lougheed's ideas imprinted on party still in power 41 years later |first=Jen |last=Gerson |date=September 14, 2012 |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/09/14/a-legacy-rich-as-oil-ex-alberta-premier-peter-lougheeds-ideas-imprinted-on-party-still-in-power-41-years-later/ |work=National Post |access-date=February 3, 2015}}</ref> The policy was eliminated 5 years after it was first announced amid a collapse of oil prices in 1985. The new Prime Minister [[Brian Mulroney]] had campaigned against the policy in the [[1984 Canadian federal election]]. One of the most controversial sections of the [[Canada–United States Free Trade Agreement]] of 1988 was a promise that Canada would never charge the United States more for energy than fellow Canadians.<ref name=":1">{{cite web|url=https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-emissions/sources-sinks-executive-summary-2019.html|title=Greenhouse gas sources and sinks: executive summary 2019|date=August 19, 2019|website=aem|publisher=Environment and Climate Change Canada|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200407201526/https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/climate-change/greenhouse-gas-emissions/sources-sinks-executive-summary-2019.html|archive-date=April 7, 2020|access-date=March 31, 2020}}</ref>