Editing Deobandi movement (section)

== Politics ==
{{Main|Deobandi politics}}

=== Deobandi jihadism ===
[[File:Sami-ul-Haq.jpg|left|thumb|203x203px|Sami ul Haq]]{{Main|Deobandi jihadism}}[[Deobandi jihadism]] pertains to a [[militant]] interpretation of Islam that draws upon the teachings of the Deobandi movement. The Deobandi movement underwent three waves of armed conflict. The first wave resulted in the establishment of an Islamic territory centered on [[Thana Bhawan]] by the movement's elders during the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]],<ref name="Luv Puri" /><ref name="Urban Terrorism" /><ref name="Ingram 2009">{{cite journal |last=Ingram |first=Brannon D. |date=June 2009 |title=Sufis, Scholars, and Scapegoats: Rashid Ahmad Gangohi (d. 1905) and the Deobandi Critique of Sufism |url=https://www.academia.edu/282790 |journal=The Muslim World |location=Chichester, West Sussex |publisher=Wiley-Blackwell |volume=99 |issue=3 |pages=478–501 |doi=10.1111/j.1478-1913.2009.01281.x |via=Academia.edu}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=[[Encyclopaedia of Islam]] |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |year=1991 |isbn=90-04-07026-5 |editor1-last=Lewis |editor1-first=B. |edition=2nd |volume=2 |location=[[Leiden]] |page=205 |editor2-last=Pellat |editor2-first=Ch. |editor3-last=Schacht |editor3-first=J. |editor3-link=Joseph Schacht |orig-year=1965}}</ref> prior to the founding of Darul Uloom Deoband.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Muhammad Yahya |first=Abul Fatah |url=https://archive.org/download/IslamiBoi/Deoband_Andolon.pdf |title=দেওবন্দ আন্দোলন: ইতিহাস ঐতিহ্য অবদান |publisher=Al-Amin Research Academy Bangladesh |year=1998 |location=Dhaka |pages=156 |language=bn |trans-title=Deoband Movement: History, Tradition and Contribution}}</ref> [[Imdadullah Muhajir Makki]] served as the [[Amir al-Mu'minin]] of this Islamic territory, [[Rashid Ahmad Gangohi]] as the [[Chief justice]], and [[Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi]] as the [[Commander-in-chief]].{{Sfn|Muhammad Yahya|1998|p=156}} However, following the British victory over the Deobandi forces in the [[Battle of Shamli]], the territory fell. After the establishment of Darul Uloom Deoband, [[Mahmud Hasan Deobandi]] initiated the second wave. He attempted to mobilize an armed resistance against the British through various initiatives, including the formation of the Samratut Tarbiat. When the British uncovered his [[Silk Letter Movement]], they arrested him and held him captive in Malta. Following his release, he and his followers entered mainstream politics and actively participated in the democratic process. In the late 1970s, the [[Durand Line|Pakistan–Afghan border]] became the epicenter of the Deobandi jihadist movement's third wave, which was fueled by the [[Soviet–Afghan War]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Moj |first1=Muhammad |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Crg1DgAAQBAJ&pg=PA96 |title=The Deoband Madrassah Movement: Countercultural Trends and Tendencies |date=March 2015 |publisher=Anthem Press |isbn=978-1-78308-390-9 |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Luv Puri" /> Under the auspices of President [[Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq]], its expansion occurred through various madrasas, such as [[Darul Uloom Haqqania]] and [[Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia]], with political support provided by [[Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S)]]. Trained militants from the Pakistan–Afghan border participated in the Afghan jihad and later formed various organizations, including the [[Taliban]]. The most prominent example of Deobandi jihadism is the Taliban, who established [[Sharia|Islamic rule]] in Afghanistan. [[Sami-ul-Haq]], the head of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S), is regarded as the "father of the Taliban."