Editing Demographics of Greece (section)

==Ethnic groups, languages and religion==
{{Main|Minorities in Greece|Languages of Greece|Religion in Greece}}

The population of [[northern Greece]] has primarily been ethnically, religiously and linguistically diverse.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Greece: People: Ethnic groups|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Greece/Climate#toc281568|encyclopedia=Britannica online|access-date=6 February 2017}}</ref>
The [[Muslim minority of Greece]] is the only explicitly recognized [[Minority group|minority]] in Greece by the government. The officials define it as a group of Greek Muslims numbering 98,000 people, consisting of [[Turkish people|Turks]] (50%), [[Pomaks]] (35%) and [[Romani people|Romani]] (15%). No other minorities are officially acknowledged by the government.<ref name="Helsinki">{{cite web|title=Greek Helsinki Monitor |url=http://www.minelres.lv/reports/greece/greece_NGO.htm|access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hri.org/MFA/foreign/musmingr.htm|script-title=el:Μουσουλμανικη Μειονοτητα Θρακησ|trans-title=Muslim Minority of Thrace|language=el|publisher=Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Hellenic Resources Network|location=Athens, Greece|date=June 1999|access-date=6 January 2016}}<br>{{cite web|url=http://www.waterinfo.gr/eedyp/papers/apografi.html|script-title=el:Στοιχεια Απο Την Προσφατη Απογραφη Του Πληθυσμου|trans-title=Figures from the recent Population Census|language=el|publisher=Water Info|date=2001|access-date=6 January 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721084124/http://www.waterinfo.gr/eedyp/papers/apografi.html|archive-date=21 July 2011|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.newsweek.com/macedonia-fights-its-name-84577|title=Macedonia Fights for Its Name|date=25 March 2008|access-date=30 January 2019|work=Newsweek|quote='Greece is one of the rare countries of the EU that does not recognize the phrase 'minority rights.' They still have a concept of a pure nation—one state, one nation, one religion, one culture, everything Greek. And they do not want to recognize that in Greece there is a big Turkish minority, a big Albanian minority and one small Macedonian minority.'}}</ref> There is no official information for the size of the ethnic, linguistic and religious [[Minorities in Greece|minorities]] because asking the population questions pertaining to the topic have been abolished since 1951.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Shendruk |first=Amanda |date=8 July 2021 |title=Are you even trying to stop racism if you don't collect data on race? |url=https://qz.com/2029525/the-20-countries-that-dont-collect-racial-and-ethnic-census-data/ |access-date=2022-07-04 |website=Quartz |language=en}}</ref><ref name="FassmannReeger2009">{{cite book|last1=Fassmann|first1=Heinz|last2=Reeger|first2=Ursula|last3=Sievers|first3=Wiebke|title=Statistics and Reality: Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Europe|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0sDMwizfI0gC&pg=PA237|access-date=27 March 2016|year=2009|publisher=Amsterdam University Press|isbn=978-90-8964-052-9|page=237}}</ref>

[[File:Modern Greek dialects en.svg|thumb|Map showing the distribution of major Modern Greek dialect areas]]
[[File:Greece linguistic minorities.svg|thumb|Note: Greek is the dominant language throughout Greece; inclusion in a non-Greek language zone does not necessarily imply that the relevant minority language is still spoken there, or that its speakers consider themselves an ethnic minority.]]
{{Pie chart
| thumb = right
| caption = Religion in Greece for the period 2006–2015 according to Swiss Metadatabse of Religious Affiliation in Europe<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.smre-data.ch/en/data_exploring/region_cockpit#/mode/dataset_comparison/region/GRC/period/2010/presentation/table|title=SMRE|website=www.smre-data.ch}}</ref>
| label1 = Eastern Orthodoxy and other Christian
| value1 = 87.6
| color1 = dodgerblue
| label3 = Islam
| label2 = Unaffiliated
| value2 = 6.1
| color2 = gray
| value3 = 5.3
| color3 = Green
| label4 = others
| value4 = 0.8
| color4 = yellow
}}

[[Minorities in Greece]] according to [[Minority Rights Group International]] in 2015:<ref name=helsinki>{{cite web|title=MRG Directory: Greece|url=http://minorityrights.org/country/greece/|website=Greece Overview|date=19 June 2015 |publisher=MRG|access-date=14 August 2015}}</ref>
*[[Romani people in Greece|Roma]]: 265,000
*[[Vlachs]] ([[Aromanians]] and [[Megleno-Romanians]]): 200,000
*[[Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia|Ethnic Macedonians]]: 100,000–200,000
*[[Arvanites]]: 95,000
*[[Turks in Western Thrace|Turks]]: 90,000
*[[Pomaks]]: 35,000–40,000 
*[[Jews]]: 5,000

The official language of Greece is [[Greek language|Greek]], spoken by almost all as a second language at least. Additionally, there are a number of [[Minorities in Greece#Linguistic and cultural communities|linguistic minority groups]] that are bilingual in a variety of non-Greek languages, and parts of these groups identify ethnically as [[Greeks]].

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:right;"
|+
'''Estimated historical population and census figures'''<sup>1</sup>:
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! rowspan="2" | Language (and religion)
! colspan="2" | census 1879<ref>{{cite book |last1=Zervas |first1=Theodore G.|title=Formal and informal education during the rise of Greek nationalism: learning to be Greek |publisher=Springer |isbn=9781137484147 |page=52 |quote=An 1879 Greek census found that, in the Peloponnese, Central Greece, Euboea and the island of Andros, there were nearly 225,000 Albanian/ Arvanitic speakers|date=8 December 2016 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Frederick |title=The statesman's year-book statistical and historical annual of the states of the civilised world for the year 1882 |date=1924 |publisher=Oxford University |page=288 |quote=Greece, at the last census, taken June 1879, had a total population of 1,679,775}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | estimate 1913<ref name=slavic>Peter Trudgill & Daniel Schreier, "Greece and Cyprus", in: ''Sociolinguistics'' (HSK 3.3), 2nd ed., Berlin & New York: de Gruyter, p. 1881–1889, esp. [https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1885 p. 1885]</ref>
! colspan="2" | census 1928<ref name="Angelopoulos">{{cite journal |last1=Angelopoulos |first1=Ath |title=Population Distribution of Greece Today According to Language, National Consciousness, and Religion |journal=Balkan Studies |volume=43 |url=https://ojs.lib.uom.gr/index.php/BalkanStudies/article/download/306/342 |location=Thessaloniki |issn=2241-1674 |pages=126–131}}</ref><ref name=Helsinki/><ref name=nm>{{cite journal|last=Mavrogordatos|first=George Th.|journal=Ιστορία Της Ελλάδας Του 20Ού Αιώνα, Επιμ. Χ. Χατζηιωσήφ, Τόμος Β2. Αθήνα: Βιβλιόραμα, 2003 |url=https://www.academia.edu/2363351|script-title=el:Οι εθνικές μειονότητες|trans-title=The National Minorities|language=el|publisher=academia.edu|date=2003|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | census 1940<ref name="Angelopoulos"/><ref name=nm/><ref name="Shea1997">{{cite book|last=Shea|first=John|title=Macedonia and Greece: The Struggle to Define a New Balkan Nation|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=InyEqBVhH-EC&pg=PA129|access-date=7 February 2017|year=1997|publisher=McFarland|isbn=978-0-7864-0228-1|page=129}}</ref>
! colspan="2" | census 1951<ref name="Angelopoulos"/><ref name="Clogg2002"/>
|- style="background:#e0e0e0;"
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
! Number
! %
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]]
|
|
| 
| 
| 5,759,523
| 92.8
| 6,902,339
| 92.5
| 7,297,878
| 95.6
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (altogether)
|
|
|  
| 
| 191,254
| 3.1
| 229,075
| 3.8
| 179,895
| 2.4
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (and [[Eastern Orthodox|Orthodox Christian]])
|
|
|  
| 
| 103,642
| 1.7
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]] (and [[Muslim]])
|
|
|  
| 
| 86,506
| 1.4
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Slavic languages|Slavic]]<sup>3</sup>
|
|
| 300,000–500,000
| 6.3–10.6
| 81,984<sup>2</sup>
| 1.3
| 86,086
| 1.2
| 41,017
| 0.5
|-
| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] (and [[Muslim]])
|
|
| 
| 
| 16,775
| 0.3
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Pomak language|Pomak]]
|
|
| 
| 
| 
|
| 18,086
| 0.2
| 18,671
| 0.2
|-
| "[[Aromanian language|Koutsovlach]]"
|
|
|  
| 
| 19,703
| 0.3
| 53,997
| 0.7
| 39,855
| 0.5
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]]
|
|
| 
| 
| 
|
| 49,632
| 0.7
| 22,736<sup>4</sup>
| 0.3
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]]/[[Arvanitika language|Arvanitika]]
| 225,000
|
| 
| 
| 
|
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]] (and [[Muslim]])
|
|
| 
| 
| 18,598
| 0.3
| 
| 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Armenian language|Armenian]]
|
|
|  
| 
| 33,634
| 0.5
| 26,827
| 0.4
| 8,990
| 0.1
|-
| [[Romani language|Roma]]
|
|
|
|
| 4,998
| 0.1
| 8,141
| 0.1
| 7,429
| 0.1
|-
| Russian
|
|
|
|
| 3,295
| 0.1
| 8,126
| 0.1
| 3,815
| 0.1
|-
| French
|
|
|
|
| 
| 
| 4,518
| 0.1
| 2,101
| 0.0
|-
| [[Romanian language|Romanian]]
|
|
|
|
| 
| 
| 2,901
| 0.0
| 2,082
| 0.0
|-
| English
|
|
|
|
| 2,098
| 0.0
| 3,529
| 0.0
| 1,456
| 0.0
|-
| [[Ladino language|Spanish]]
|
|
|  
| 
| 63,200
| 1.0
| 53,125
| 0.7
| 1,339
| 0.0
|-
| German
|
|
|
|
| 
| 
| 3,401
| 0.0
| 1,301
| 0.0
|-
| Italian
|
|
|
|
| 3,199
| 0.1
| 4,426
| 0.1
| 894
| 0.0
|-
| [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] or [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]
|
|
|  
| 
| 
| 
| 34
| 0.0
| 853
| 0.0
|-
| Others
| 
|
|
|  
| 6,248
| 0.1
| 5,694
| 0.1
| 2,489
| 0.1
|-
| Total
| '''1,679,775'''
|
| '''4,734,990'''
|  
| '''6,204,684'''
| 
| '''7,344,860'''
|  
| '''7,632,801'''
| 
|-
| colspan="13" align="left" | Notes:<br> <small><sup>1</sup> Census figures are considered "unreliable".</small><ref>{{cite book |last=Clogg|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Clogg|title=Minorities in Greece: aspects of a plural society |url=https://archive.org/details/minoritiesgreece00clog |url-access=limited |publisher=Hurst & Co |isbn=9781850657064 |page=[https://archive.org/details/minoritiesgreece00clog/page/n67 112] |quote=Census figures are unreliable, and Greece has long since ceased to include linguistic minorities in its census|date=January 2002 }}</ref>

<sup>2</sup><small>The 1928 census figure (81,984) of the Slavic speakers does not reflect their actual strength due to either an official policy or reluctance of the concerned, and perhaps represents a number of speakers, who are lacking Greek national consciousness, while contemporary Greek reports estimate at least 200,000 [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]-speaking inhabitants in the country.</small><ref>{{cite book |last1=Mavrogordatos |first1=George |title=Stillborn republic: social coalitions and party strategies in Greece, 1922–1936 |url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MbSifRqxM1EC |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520043589 |page=[https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_MbSifRqxM1EC/page/n281 247] |quote=In any event, those of the 1928 Census for the Slavo-Macedonian-speaking population as a whole clearly do not reflect its actual strength, as a result of either official policy, or reluctance on the part of those concerned, or both. Contemporary Greek reports estimate as many as 200,000 "Bulgarian"-speaking inhabitants in Macedonia, of whom no more than 80,000–90,000 are considered to be lacking a Greek national consciousness&nbsp;– a number equivalent to that of the census, perhaps not accidentally. (49. See the reports of P. Demetriades to the Association for the Dissemination of Greek Letters, 13 August 1927 and 23 December 1927, VA File 373. Given the confidential nature and policy orientation of these reports, they should be rated as more reliable than public statements. On the actual number of Slavomacedonians, see also Christidès, pp. 64–65.)|date=January 1983 }}</ref><br>
<sup>3</sup><small> The Slavic figure in the 1928, 1940 and 1951 census is referred to as a Macedonian [[Bulgarian dialects|Bulgarian dialect]] or [[Macedonian language|Macedonian Slavic]].</small><ref name="Angelopoulos"/><ref name=nm/><br>
<sup>4</sup><small> The Albanian figure (22,746) in the 1951 census is considered "certainly too small" and a research in the 1970s indicated a figure of at least 30,000 in [[Attica]] and [[Biotia]] alone.</small><ref name="Ammon2006"/>
|}
Languages spoken in Greece:
{|class="wikitable"
|-
!Language
!Classification
!Speaking population
!Spoken by
!Ethnic population
!Region
!Notes
|-
!colspan=7|[[Greek language|Greek]] classification
|-
| [[Cappadocian Greek|Cappadocian]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Greek, [[Attic Greek|Attic]]
| 2,800 (2015 M. Janse)
| [[Cappadocians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Mandra]], [[Pikrolimni (municipality)|Neo Agioneri]] and [[Xirochori]]
| More distinct from standard Greek than [[Pontic Greek]]
|-
| [[Cretan Greek|Cretan]]
|
| 600,000
| [[Cretans]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Crete]]
|
|-
| [[Greek language|Greek]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Greek, [[Attic Greek|Attic]]
| 10,700,000 (2012 European Commission )
| national
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| scattered
| Lexical similarity: 84%–93% with Greek in Cyprus
|-
| [[Ancient Greek|Greek, Ancient]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Greek, [[Attic Greek|Attic]]
| no known [[First language|L1]] speakers
| 
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| scattered
| religious language
|-
| [[Pontic Greek|Pontic]]<ref name="ethnologue21">{{cite web |editor1-last=Simons|editor1-first=Gary F.|editor2-first=Charles D.|editor2-last=Fennig|date=2018|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |edition=Twenty-first |location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International |url=https://www.ethnologue.com/country/GR/languages |language=en}}</ref><ref name="ethnologue16">{{cite web |editor-last=Lewis|editor-first=M. Paul|date=2009|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=Sixteenth|location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International|url=https://www.ethnologue.com/16/show_country/GR/}}</ref>
| IE, Greek, [[Attic Greek|Attic]]
| 200,000 (2001 Johnstone and Mandryk) – 400,000 (2009 Z. Diakonikolaou)
| [[Pontic Greeks|Pontians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]] and [[Epirus]]([[Kilkis (regional unit)|Kilkis]], [[Pella (regional unit)|Pella]], and [[Serres (regional unit)|Serres]]; [[Thessaloniki (regional unit)|Thessaloniki]], [[Drama (regional unit)|Drama]] and [[Imathia]])
| Greek and Pontic speakers reportedly do not understand each other and Pontians do not speak standard Greek
|-
| [[Romano-Greek language|Romano-Greek]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| mixed Greek–[[Romani language|Romani]]
| 30 (2000)
| [[Romani people in Greece|Romani]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Thessaly]], [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]]
|Structured on Greek with heavy Romani lexicon
|-
| Sarakatsani
 |IE, Greek, [[Doric Greek|Doric]]
| 80,000
| [[Sarakatsani]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]], [[Thessaly]], [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]]
|
|-
| [[Tsakonian language|Tsakonian]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/><ref name="ethnologue19">{{cite web |editor1-last= Lewis|editor1-first=M. Paul|editor2-first=Gary F.|editor2-last=Simons|editor3-first=Charles D.|editor3-last=Fennig|date=2016|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=Nineteenth|location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/19/country/GR/languages/ |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref>
| IE, Greek, [[Doric Greek|Doric]]
| 200 (2007 Salminen)–1,500 (2010 M. Kisilier)
| [[Tsakonians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| Agios Andreas, [[Leonidio]], [[Prastos]], [[Kastanitsa]], [[Melana]], Pramatefti, Sapounakeika, Sitena, and [[Tyros]]
| Not inherently intelligible with modern Greek. Lexical similarity with standard Greek: 70% or less.
|-
!colspan=7|Other languages
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Arvanitika language|Arvanitika]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/><ref name="Ammon2006">{{cite book|last1=Trudgill|first1=Peter|last2=Schreier|first2=Daniel|author-link1=Peter Trudgill|editor1=Ulrich Ammon|editor2=Norbert Dittmar|editor3=Klaus J. Mattheier|editor4=Peter Trudgill|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LMZm0w0k1c4C&pg=PA1883|title=Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society|edition=2nd|volume=3|year=2006|chapter=Greece and Cyprus|publisher=Walter de Gruyter|isbn=978-3-11-018418-1|pages=1881–1889, esp. p. 1883|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref>
| IE, [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Tosk Albanian|Tosk]]
|50,000 (1993 Lunden, 2007 Salminen)
| [[Arvanites]]
| style="text-align:center;" |150,000
| southern [[Euboea]], [[Salamis Island|Salamis]], [[Boeotia]], [[Attica]], [[Peloponnese]], [[Western Greece]] and the [[Ionian Islands]], [[Thessaly]] and [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]], [[Thrace]]
| Heavily influenced by Greek. Christian
|-
| [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Tosk Albanian|Tosk]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, [[Albanian language|Albanian]], [[Tosk Albanian|Tosk]]
| 10,000 (2002)
| [[Tosk Albanians]]
| style="text-align:center;" |
| [[Epirus]] and [[Western Macedonia]](Central [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina]], into [[Kastoria (regional unit)|Kastoria]], [[Lehovo]])
| Cham Tosk
|-
| Arabic<ref name="ethnologue14">{{cite web |editor-last=Grimes|editor-first=Barbara F.|date=2000|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=Fourteenth|location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_country/Greece/ |website=www.ethnologue.com}}</ref>
| Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, South
| 28,000
| [[Arabs in Greece|Arabs]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Assyrian Neo-Aramaic]]<ref name="ethnologue14"/>
| Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Central, Aramaic, Eastern, Central, Northeastern
| 2,000
| [[Assyrians in Greece|Assyrians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Western Armenian|Armenian, Western]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Armenian
| 20,000 (2007)
| [[Armenians in Greece|Armenians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| scattered, [[Attica]], [[Thessaly]] and [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]]
|
|-
| [[Aromanian language|Aromanian]]<ref name="ethnologue15">{{cite web |date=2005 |editor-last=Gordon |editor-first=Raymond G. Jr. |title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World |url=http://www.ethnologue.com/15/show_country/GR/ |publisher=SIL International |edition=Fifteenth |location=Dallas, Texas}}</ref><ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, [[Italic languages|Italic]], [[Romance languages|Romance]], [[Eastern Romance languages|Eastern]]
| 50,000 (1999 Salminen) – 200,000 (1995 Greek Monitor of Human and Minority Rights)
| [[Aromanians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 700,000 ([[Trâ Armânami Association of French Aromanians]])
| [[Pindus Mountains]], around [[Trikala]], [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]], [[Thessaly]], [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]]
| Christian
|-
| [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]<ref name="ethnologue20">{{cite web |editor1-last=Simons|editor1-first=Gary F.|editor2-first=Charles D.|editor2-last=Fennig|date=2017|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|edition=Twentieth|location=Dallas, Texas|publisher=SIL International|url=http://www.ethnologue.com/20/country/GR/languages/ |website=Ethnologue |language=en}}</ref><ref name="Ammon2006"/>
| IE, [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[South Slavic languages|South]], [[Eastern South Slavic languages|Eastern]]
| 56,200 (2014), 10–40,000 (Trudgill)
| [[Pomaks]], [[Bulgarians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace|Macedonia and Thrace]]
| [[Pomak language|Pomak]], Muslim
|-
| English<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], [[West Germanic languages|West]]
| 8,000
| 
| style="text-align:center;" | 
|
|
|-
| German<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], [[West Germanic languages|West]]
| [[First language|L1]] users: 10,800 (2011 census), [[Second language|L2]] users: 541,000 (2012 European Commission)
| 
| style="text-align:center;" | 
|
| L1 users based on nationality
|-
| Greek [[sign language]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| [[Sign language]]
| 5,000 (2014 EUD) – 62,500 (2014 IMB)
| national
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| scattered
|
|-
| [[Judeo-Italian languages|Judeo-Italian]]<ref name="ethnologue20"/>
| IE, [[Italic languages|Italic]], [[Romance languages|Romance]], [[Italo-Western languages|Italo-Western]], [[Italo-Dalmatian languages|Italo-Dalmatian]]
| 50 (2007 Salminen)
| [[Jews in Greece|Jews]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Peloponnese]], [[Western Greece]] and the [[Ionian Islands]]
| 
|-
| [[Northern Kurdish language|Kurdish, Northern]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, Indo-European, Indo-Iranian, Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Kurdish
| 22,500
| [[Kurds]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
|
| 
|-
| [[Ladino language|Ladino]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, Italic, Romance, Italo-Western, Western, Gallo-Iberian, Ibero-Romance, West Iberian, Castilian
| 2,000
| [[Jews in Greece|Jews]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
|
| 
|-
| [[Megleno-Romanian language|Megleno-Romanian]]<ref name="ethnologue20"/><ref name="ethnologue14"/>
| IE, [[Italic languages|Italic]], [[Romance languages|Romance]], [[Eastern Romance languages|Eastern]]
| 3,000 (2002) – 12,000 (1995)
| [[Megleno-Romanians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Moglena]]
|
|-
| [[Balkan Romani|Romani, Balkan]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani
| 40,000 (1996 B. Igla)
| [[Romani people in Greece|Romani]]
| style="text-align:center;" |  
| [[Attica]]; [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]], [[Peloponnese]], [[Western Greece]] and the [[Ionian Islands]], [[Epirus]]
| Christian, Muslim
|-
| [[Vlax Romani|Romani, Vlax]]
| IE, Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan, Intermediate Divisions, Western, Romani
| 1,000
| [[Romani people in Greece|Romani]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Attica]], [[Thessaly]], [[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]], [[Epirus]], [[Western Macedonia]]
| Christian
|-
| Russian<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[East Slavic languages|East]]
|
| [[Russians in Greece|Russians]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
|
| 
|-
| [[Serbian language|Serbian]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| IE, [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[South Slavic languages|South]], [[Western South Slavic languages|Western]]
|
| [[Serbs in Greece|Serbs]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| 
|
|-
| [[Slavic dialects of Greece|Slavic]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/><ref name="Ammon2006"/><ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| IE, [[Balto-Slavic languages|Balto-Slavic]], [[Slavic languages|Slavic]], [[South Slavic languages|South]], [[Eastern South Slavic languages|Eastern]]
| 60–90,000 (Trudgill), 250,000 (2007 Boskov)
| [[Slavic-speakers of Greek Macedonia]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]] (mainly [[Florina (regional unit)|Florina]], [[Pella (regional unit)|Pella]] and [[Thessaloniki (regional unit)|Thessaloniki]]; [[Kastoria (regional unit)|Kastoria]], [[Kozani (regional unit)|Kozani]], [[Kilkis (regional unit)|Kilkis]], [[Imathia]], [[Serres (regional unit)|Serres]]), [[Epirus]] ([[Ioannina (regional unit)|Ioannina]])
| Christian
|-
| [[Turkish language|Turkish]]<ref name="ethnologue21"/>
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]], Southern
| 40,000 ([[First language|L1]]: 9,700, [[Second language|L2]]: 30,300, 2014)
| [[Turks in Greece|Turks]], [[Karamanlides]], [[Pomaks]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| [[Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace|Macedonia and Thrace]], [[Aegean Islands|Aegean]]
| Muslim, Christian
|-
| [[Balkan Gagauz Turkish|Turkish, Balkan Gagauz]]<ref name="ethnologue14"/>
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]], Southern
|
| [[Gagauzes]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| 
| 
|-
| [[Urum language|Urum]]<ref name="ethnologue16"/>
| [[Turkic languages|Turkic]]
|
| [[Urums]]
| style="text-align:center;" | 
| 
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="float: right;"
|+ Religious population in Greece at the 1951 Census<ref name="Clogg2002">{{cite book|last=Clogg|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Clogg|title=Minorities in Greece: Aspects of a Plural Society|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-71s8jEHWJsC&pg=PR11|access-date=7 February 2017|year=2002|publisher=C. Hurst & Co.|isbn=978-1-85065-705-7|page=xi|chapter=Introduction}}</ref>
|-
| '''[[Eastern Orthodox Church|Orthodox]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 7,472,559 (97.9%)
|-
| '''[[Muslim]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 112,665 (1.4%)
|-
| '''[[Catholic Church|Catholic]]'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 28,430 (0.4%)
|-
| '''[[Protestant]] and other Christian'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 12,677 (0.2%)
|-
| '''Jewish'''
| style="text-align:center;" | 6,325 (0.1%)
|-
! Total
! '''7,632,801'''
|}

According to the [[Constitution of Greece|Greek constitution]], [[Eastern Orthodox Church|Eastern Orthodox Christianity]] is recognized as the "prevailing religion" in Greece. During the centuries that Greece was part of the [[Ottoman Greece|Ottoman Empire]], besides its spiritual mandate, the [[Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople|Orthodox Church]], based in [[Constantinople]] (present-day [[Istanbul]]), also functioned as an official representative of the Christian population of the empire. The Church is often credited with the preservation of the [[Greek language]], values, and national identity during Ottoman times. The Church was also an important rallying point in the war for independence against the Ottoman Empire, although the official Church in Constantinople initially condemned the breakout of the armed struggle in fear of retaliation from the Ottoman side. The [[Church of Greece]] was established shortly after the formation of a Greek national state. Its authority to this day extends only to the areas included in the independent Greek state before the [[Balkan Wars]] of 1912–1913. There is a [[Muslim minority of Greece|Muslim minority]] concentrated in [[Western Thrace|Thrace]] and officially protected by the [[Treaty of Lausanne (1923)]]. Besides [[Pomaks]] ([[Muslim]] [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]]<ref name=bul>{{cite book|editor-last=Gordon|editor-first=Raymond G. Jr|chapter-url=http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=BLG|title=Ethnologue: Languages of the World|chapter=Bulgarian|publisher=SIL International|location=Dallas, Texas|date=2005|edition=15th|access-date=3 January 2017|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090116140346/http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=BLG|archive-date=16 January 2009}}</ref> speakers) and [[Romani people|Roma]], it consists mainly of ethnic [[Turkish people|Turks]], who speak [[Turkish language|Turkish]] and receive instruction in Turkish at special government-funded schools. There are also a number of [[Jews in Greece]], most of whom live in [[Thessaloniki]]. There are also some Greeks who adhere to a [[Hellenic Polytheistic Reconstructionism|reconstruction of the ancient Greek religion]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Brabant|first=Malcolm|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6285397.stm|title=Ancient Greek gods' new believers|work=[[BBC News]]|date=21 January 2007|access-date=7 February 2017}}</ref> A place of worship has been recognized as such by court.<ref>{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Helena|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/may/05/greece|title=Greek gods prepare for comeback|work=[[The Guardian]]|location=London|date=4 May 2006|access-date=24 August 2008|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130830033342/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/may/05/greece|archive-date=30 August 2013}}</ref>