Editing Dairy product (section)

===Cardiovascular disease===

The [[American Medical Association]] (AMA) recommends that people replace full-fat dairy products with nonfat and low-fat dairy products.<ref name="AMA 2021">{{cite journal |vauthors=Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, Hu FB, Kris-Etherton PM, Rebholz CM, Sacks FM, Thorndike AN, Van Horn L, Wylie-Rosett J |title=2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association |journal=Circulation | volume=144 |issue=23 |pages=e472–e487 |date=December 2021 |pmid=34724806 |doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000001031 |s2cid=240422142 |type=Review|display-authors=5|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 2017, the AMA stated that there is no [[evidence-based medicine|high-quality clinical evidence]] that cheese consumption lowers the risk of cardiovascular disease.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Sacks|first1=Frank M.|last2=Lichtenstein|first2=Alice H.|last3=Wu|first3=Jason H.Y.|last4=Appel|first4=Lawrence J.|last5=Creager|first5=Mark A.|last6=Kris-Etherton|first6=Penny M.|last7=Miller|first7=Michael|last8=Rimm|first8=Eric B.|last9=Rudel|first9=Lawrence L.|last10=Robinson|first10=Jennifer G.|last11=Stone|first11=Neil J.|last12=Van Horn|first12=Linda V.|title=Dietary Fats and Cardiovascular Disease: A Presidential Advisory From the American Heart Association|journal=Circulation|date=June 15, 2017|pages=e1–e23|doi=10.1161/CIR.0000000000000510|pmid=28620111|volume=136|issue=3|s2cid=367602|doi-access=free}}</ref> In 2021, they stated that "taken together, replacing full-fat dairy products with nonfat and low-fat dairy products and other sources of unsaturated fat shifts the composition of dietary patterns toward higher unsaturated to saturated fat ratios that are associated with better cardiovascular health".<ref name="AMA 2021"/>

In 2017, the [[National Heart Foundation of New Zealand]] published an [[umbrella review]] which found an "overall neutral effect of dairy on cardiovascular risk for the general population".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231103201245/https://assets.heartfoundation.org.nz/documents/shop/nutrition/docs/dairy-and-heart-health-evidence-paper.pdf "Dairy and Heart Health]". heartfoundation.org.nz. Retrieved 3 November 2023.</ref> Their position paper stated that "the evidence overall suggests dairy products can be included in a heart-healthy eating pattern and choosing reduced-fat dairy over full-fat dairy reduces risk for some, but not all, cardiovascular risk factors".<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20231103201119/https://assets.heartfoundation.org.nz/documents/shop/nutrition/docs/dairy-position-statement.pdf Dairy and the heart - Position statement]. heartfoundation.org.nz. Retrieved 3 November 2023.</ref>

In 2019 the [[National Heart Foundation of Australia]] published a position statement on full fat dairy products, "Based on current evidence, there is not enough evidence to recommend full fat over reduced fat products or reduced fat over full fat products for the general population. For people with elevated cholesterol and those with existing coronary heart disease, reduced fat products are recommended."<ref name="Statement">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230809193626/https://www.heartfoundation.org.au/getmedia/54b5c4af-d1ba-40aa-ab08-b7c7ac41b8e9/Nutrition_Position_Statement_-_DAIRY.pdf "Dairy & Heart Healthy Eating"]. heartfoundation.org.au. Retrieved 25 October 2023.</ref> The position statement also noted that the "evidence for milk, yoghurt and cheese does not extend to butter, cream, ice-cream and dairy-based desserts; these products should be avoided in a heart healthy eating pattern".<ref name="Statement"/>

Recent reviews of [[randomized controlled trial]]s have found that dairy intake from cheese, milk and yogurt does not have detrimental effects on markers of cardiometabolic health.<ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Derakhshandeh-Rishehri SM, Ghobadi S, Akhlaghi M, Faghih S |year=2021|title=No adverse effects of dairy products on lipid profile: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials|journal=Diabetes Metab Syndr|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S187140212100299X|volume=15|issue=6|page=102279|doi=10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102279|pmid=34562868|s2cid=237636239 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|vauthors=Kiesswetter E, Stadelmaier J, Petropoulou M, Morze J, Grummich K, Roux I, Lay R, Himmelsbach L, Kussmann M, Roeger C, Rubach M, Hauner H, Schwingshackl L |year=2023|title=Effects of Dairy Intake on Markers of Cardiometabolic Health in Adults: A Systematic Review with Network Meta-Analysis|journal=Advances in Nutrition|volume=14|issue=3|pages=438–450|doi=10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.004|pmid=36914032|pmc=10201829 }}</ref>