Editing Czech language (section)

====Case====
[[File:Bozeny Nemcove Revnice 6258.JPG|thumb|right|A street sign in German (top) and Czech (bottom) for a street named after [[Božena Němcová]] with her name declined in the genitive case in Czech (a sign probably from the time of the [[Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia|Protectorate]]).]]
A [[nominative–accusative language]], Czech marks subject nouns of transitive and intransitive verbs in the nominative case, which is the form found in dictionaries, and [[direct object]]s of transitive verbs are declined in the accusative case.<ref name="n196" /> The vocative case is used to address people.<ref>{{Harvnb|Naughton|2005|p=201}}</ref> The remaining cases (genitive, dative, locative and instrumental) indicate semantic relationships, such as [[noun adjunct]]s (genitive), [[indirect object]]s (dative), or agents in passive constructions (instrumental).<ref>{{Harvnb|Naughton|2005|pp=197–199}}</ref> Additionally [[preposition]]s and some verbs require their complements to be declined in a certain case.<ref name="n196">{{Harvnb|Naughton|2005|p=196}}</ref> The locative case is only used after prepositions.<ref>{{Harvnb|Naughton|2005|p=199}}</ref> An adjective's case agrees with that of the noun it modifies. When Czech children learn their language's declension patterns, the cases are referred to by number:<ref name="Naughton 2005 25">{{Harvnb|Naughton|2005|p=25}}</ref>
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+Cases in Czech
|-
!scope="col"|No.
!scope="col"| Ordinal name (Czech)
!scope="col"| Full name (Czech)
!scope="col"| Case
!scope="col"| Main usage
|-
|1. 
|''první pád''
| ''nominativ''
!scope="row"|[[nominative case|nominative]]
| Subjects
|-
|2.
|''druhý pád''
| ''genitiv''
!scope="row"|[[genitive case|genitive]]
| Noun adjuncts, possession, prepositions of motion, time and location
|-
|3.
| ''třetí pád''
| ''dativ''
!scope="row"|[[dative case|dative]]
| Indirect objects, prepositions of motion
|-
|4.
| ''čtvrtý pád''
| ''akuzativ''
!scope="row"|[[accusative case|accusative]]
| Direct objects, prepositions of motion and time
|-
|5.
|''pátý pád''
| ''vokativ''
!scope="row"|[[vocative case|vocative]]
| Addressing someone
|-
|6.
|''šestý pád''
| ''lokál''
!scope="row"|[[locative case|locative]]
| Prepositions of location, time and topic
|-
|7.
|''sedmý pád''
| ''instrumentál''
!scope="row"|[[instrumental case|instrumental]]
| Passive agents, instruments, prepositions of location
|}

Some prepositions require the nouns they modify to take a particular case. The cases assigned by each preposition are based on the physical (or metaphorical) direction, or location, conveyed by it. For example, ''[[wikt:od|od]]'' (from, away from) and ''[[wikt:z#Czech|z]]'' (out of, off) assign the genitive case. Other prepositions take one of several cases, with their meaning dependent on the case; ''[[wikt:na#Czech|na]]'' means "on to" or "for" with the accusative case, but "on" with the locative.<ref>{{Harvnb|Naughton|2005|pp=201–205}}</ref>

This is a glossed example of a sentence using several cases:

{{interlinear|indent=3|abbreviations=INS:instrumental case
|Nes-l js-em krabic-i do dom-u se sv-ým přítel-em.
|carry-SG.M.PST be-1.SG box-SG.ACC into house-SG.GEN with own-SG.INS friend-SG.INS
|I carried the box into the house with my friend.}}