Editing Cucurbita (section)

==In culture==
===Art, music, and literature===
[[File:Zapallomuseolarco.jpg|thumb|left|upright|alt=Squash carved into a teapot shape|[[Moche (culture)|Moche]] squash ceramic. 300 C.E. [[Larco Museum]].]]
Along with maize and beans, squash has been depicted in the art work of the native peoples of the Americas for at least 2,000 years.<ref name="metmuseum">{{cite web |title=Moche Decorated Ceramics |publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art |url=http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/moch/hd_moch.htm |access-date=October 10, 2013 |archive-date=October 30, 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030011138/http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/moch/hd_moch.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="benson">{{cite journal | last1 = Benson | first1 = Elizabeth P. | year = 1983 | title = A Moche "Spatula" | journal = Metropolitan Museum Journal | volume = 18 | pages = 39–52 | publisher =  The University of Chicago Press | jstor = 1512797 | doi=10.2307/1512797| s2cid = 191487511 }}</ref> For example, cucurbits are often represented in [[Moche (culture)|Moche]] ceramics.<ref name="metmuseum" /><ref name="berrin">{{cite book | title=The Spirit of Ancient Peru: Treasures from the Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera | publisher=Thames and Hudson | last=Berrin [[Larco Museum]]|first=Katherine | year=1997 | location=New York|isbn=978-0-500-01802-6}}</ref>

Though native to the western hemisphere, ''Cucurbita'' began to spread to other parts of the world after [[Christopher Columbus]]'s arrival in the New World in 1492.<ref name="whitaker1947">{{cite journal | last=Whitaker | first=Thomas W. | title=American Origin of Cultivated Cucurbits | journal=[[Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden]] | volume=34 | issue=2 | pages=101–111 | publisher=Missouri Botanical Garden Press | location=St. Louis | year=1947 | doi=10.2307/2394459 | jstor=2394459 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/29784 | access-date=2021-08-26 | archive-date=2020-12-03 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201203204403/https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/29784 | url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="whitaker1956">{{cite journal | last=Whitaker  | first=Thomas W.  | title=The Origin of the Cultivated ''Cucurbita'' | journal=[[The American Naturalist]]  | volume= 90  | issue=852  | publisher=University of Chicago Press | location=Chicago | pages= 171–176  | year=1956  | doi=10.1086/281923 | jstor=2458406| s2cid=85189852 }}</ref> Until recently, the earliest known depictions of this genus in Europe was of ''Cucurbita pepo'' in ''[[De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes]]'' in 1542 by the German botanist [[Leonhart Fuchs]], but in 1992, two paintings, one of ''C.&nbsp;pepo'' and one of ''C.&nbsp;maxima'', painted between 1515 and 1518, were identified in [[festoon]]s at [[Villa Farnesina]] in Rome.<ref name="janick">{{cite journal |last1=Janick |first1=Jules |last2=Paris |first2=Harry S.|title=The Cucurbit Images (1515–1518) of the Villa Farnesina, Rome |journal=Annals of Botany |date=February 2006 |volume=97 |issue=2 |pages=165–176 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcj025 |pmc=2803371 |pmid=16314340}}</ref> Also, in 2001 depictions of this genus were identified in ''[[Grandes Heures of Anne of Brittany]]'' (''Les Grandes Heures d'Anne de Bretagne''), a French devotional book, an [[illuminated manuscript]] created between 1503 and 1508. This book contains an illustration known as ''Quegourdes de turquie'', which was identified by cucurbit specialists as ''C.&nbsp;pepo'' subsp. ''texana'' in 2006.<ref name="paris">{{cite journal |last1=Paris |first1=Harry S. |last2=Daunay |first2= Marie-Christine |last3=Pitrat |first3=Michel |last4=Janick |first4=Jules |title=First Known Image of ''Cucurbita'' in Europe, 1503–1508|journal=Annals of Botany |date=July 2006 |volume=98|issue=1 |pages=41–47 |doi=10.1093/aob/mcl082 |pmc=2803533 |pmid=16687431}}</ref>

In 1952, Stanley Smith Master, using the pen name Edrich Siebert, wrote "The Marrow Song (Oh what a beauty!)" to a tune in [[6/8 time|{{music|time|6|8}} time]]. It became a popular hit in Australia in 1973,<ref>{{cite web |title=The Marrow Song (Oh What A Beauty!) by Edrich Siebert |url=http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=17140 |publisher=Songfacts |access-date=November 20, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032340/http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=17140 |url-status=live }}</ref> and was revived by [[the Wurzels]] in Britain on their 2003 album ''Cutler of the West''.<ref>{{cite web |title=The Marrow Song |url=http://www.thewurzels.com/lyricsmarrow.htm |publisher=The Wurzels |access-date=November 20, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129035112/http://www.thewurzels.com/lyricsmarrow.htm |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=The Wurzels: Cutler of the West |url=http://www.last.fm/music/The+Wurzels/Cutler+Of+The+West |publisher=Last.fm |access-date=November 20, 2014 |archive-date=December 2, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202010658/http://www.last.fm/music/The+Wurzels/Cutler+Of+The+West |url-status=live }}</ref> [[John Greenleaf Whittier]] wrote a poem entitled ''The Pumpkin'' in 1850.<ref name="whittier">{{cite web|url=http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/pumpkin|title=The Pumpkin|publisher=Poets.org|access-date=November 20, 2014|archive-date=November 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121224054/http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/poem/pumpkin|url-status=live}}</ref> "The Great Pumpkin" is a fictional holiday figure in the [[comic strip]] ''[[Peanuts]]'' by [[Charles M. Schulz]].<ref name="peanuts">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/comic-riffs/post/its-the-great-pumpkin-charlie-brown-7-things-you-dont-know-about-tonights-peanuts-special/2011/10/26/gIQAQPZhKM_blog.html|title='It's the Great Pumpkin, Charlie Brown': 7 Things You Don't Know About Tonight's 'Peanuts' Special|newspaper=Washington Post|last=Cavna|first=Michael|date=October 27, 2011|access-date=November 20, 2014|archive-date=November 29, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129143612/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/comic-riffs/post/its-the-great-pumpkin-charlie-brown-7-things-you-dont-know-about-tonights-peanuts-special/2011/10/26/gIQAQPZhKM_blog.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Cleansing and personal care uses===
''C.&nbsp;foetidissima'' contains a [[saponin]] that can be obtained from the fruit and root. This can be used as a soap, shampoo, and bleach. Prolonged contact can cause skin irritation.<ref name="cutler">{{cite journal |last1=Cutler|first1= H.C. |last2=Whitaker|first2=T.W. |year=1961 |title=History and Distribution of the Cultivated Cucurbits in the Americas |journal=American Antiquity |volume=26 |issue=4 |pages=469–485 |jstor=278735 |doi=10.2307/278735|s2cid= 161495351 }}{{subscription required}}</ref><ref name="Heiser">{{cite book |last1=Heiser|first1= Charles B.|year=2016|title=The Gourd Book |publisher=University of Oklahoma Press |location=Norman |pages=9, 33–34|isbn=978-0806155678}}</ref> Pumpkin is also used in cosmetics.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsbug.info/lafayette_leader/news/local/a-new-way-to-create-pumpkin-spice-products-drugs-cosmetics/article_b669ed92-094e-50e2-b12d-ecdf8f4be1f4.html|publisher=Lafayette Leader|title=A new way to create pumpkin spice products, drugs, cosmetics|last=Adam|first=Chris|date=November 18, 2019|access-date=March 9, 2020|archive-date=December 19, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191219051904/http://www.newsbug.info/lafayette_leader/news/local/a-new-way-to-create-pumpkin-spice-products-drugs-cosmetics/article_b669ed92-094e-50e2-b12d-ecdf8f4be1f4.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

===Folk remedies===
<!--if the new sources mandate it then we should add a fresh, cited claim in line with the folk medicine evidence-->
''Cucurbita'' have been used in various cultures as folk remedies. Pumpkins have been used by [[Indigenous peoples of the Americas|Native Americans]] to treat intestinal worms and urinary ailments. This Native American remedy was adopted by American doctors in the early nineteenth century as an [[anthelmintic]] for the expulsion of worms.<ref name="Henshaw">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tMCd1yED2EUC&pg=PA105 |title=Environmental History of the Hudson River |editor= Robert E. Henshaw|location=Albany |publisher=State University of New York Press |year= 2011 |isbn=978-1-4384-4026-2}}</ref> In southeastern Europe, seeds of ''C. pepo'' were used to treat irritable bladder and [[benign prostatic hyperplasia]].<ref name="Schulz">{{cite book |url=https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-3-662-09666-6 |title=Rational Phytotherapy: A Reference Guide for Physicians and Pharmacists|editor= Volker Schulz |publisher=Springer|location=Munich |edition= 5th |year= 2004 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/springer_10.1007-978-3-662-09666-6/page/n319 304]–305 |isbn=978-3-540-40832-1}}</ref> In Germany, pumpkin seed is approved for use by the [[Commission E]], which assesses folk and herbal medicine, for irritated bladder conditions and [[micturition]] problems of prostatic hyperplasia stages 1 and 2, although the monograph published in 1985 noted a lack of pharmacological studies that could substantiate empirically found clinical activity.<ref name="BGA">{{cite web |url=http://buecher.heilpflanzen-welt.de/BGA-Commission-E-Monographs/0309.htm |title=Pumpkin seed (Cucurbitae peponis semen) |work= Heilpflanzen-Welt Bibliothek|access-date=March 25, 2015}}</ref> The [[FDA]] in the United States, on the other hand, banned the sale of all such non-prescription drugs for the treatment of prostate enlargement in 1990.<ref name="Foster">{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQBbOjN0T64C&pg=PA132 |title=Tyler's Honest Herbal: A Sensible Guide to the Use of Herbs and Related Remedies |first1= Steven|last1=Foster|first2= Varro E.|last2=Tyler |pages=131–132|publisher=Routledge|location=Binghamton, NY |edition= 4th |year= 1999|isbn=9781136745010 }}</ref>

In China, [[Cucurbita moschata|''C. moschata'']] seeds were also used in [[traditional Chinese medicine]] for the treatment of the parasitic disease [[schistosomiasis]]<ref name="xiao">{{cite journal |last1=Xiao |first1=S. H. |last2=Keiser |first2=J. |last3=Chen |first3=M. G. |last4=Tanner |first4=M. |last5=Utzinger |first5=J. |title=Research and Development of Antischistosomal Drugs in the People's Republic of China a 60-year review|journal=Advances in Parasitology |year=2010 |volume=73 |pages=231–295 |doi=10.1016/S0065-308X(10)73009-8 |pmid=20627145|isbn=9780123815149 }}</ref> and for the expulsion of [[tape worm]]s.<ref name="Fischer">{{cite book |url= https://books.google.com/books?id=KLd9v4hwtGgC&pg=PA283 |title= Practical Therapeutics of Traditional Chinese Medicine|first1= Yan|last1= Wu|first2= Warren|last2=Fischer |publisher=Paradigm Publications|location=Taos, NM|year=1997 |pages=282–283 |isbn= 978-0-912111-39-1}}</ref>

In Mexico, herbalists use ''C.&nbsp;ficifolia'' in the belief that it reduces [[blood sugar]] levels.<ref name="Andrade">{{cite journal |last1=Andrade-Cetto|first1= A. |last2=Heinrich|first2=M. |title=Mexican Plants With Hypoglycaemic Effect Used in the Treatment of Diabetes |journal=Journal of Ethnopharmacology |volume=99 |issue=3 |pages=325–348 | date=July 2005 |pmid=15964161 |doi=10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.019}}</ref>

===Festivals===
[[File:Squash Pyramid Display.JPG|thumb|upright|alt=White, green, and orange squashes built into a Christmas tree shape|A pyramid of squashes in the Waterlily House, [[Kew Gardens]], 2013]]

''Cucurbita'' fruits including pumpkins and marrows are celebrated in festivals in countries such as Argentina, Austria,<ref name="Kuerbisfest">{{cite web|title=Kürbisfest Am Himmel|url=https://www.himmel.at/veranstaltungen-2/kuerbisfest/|language=de|access-date=September 15, 2020|archive-date=September 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200922133324/https://www.himmel.at/veranstaltungen-2/kuerbisfest/|url-status=live}}</ref> Bolivia,<ref name="BoliviaQaramarka">{{cite web|title=Sabores de Bolivia|url=http://calendariosaboresbolivia.com/tag/ferias/|publisher=Cristina Olmos|language=es|access-date=November 22, 2014|archive-date=August 21, 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821033054/http://calendariosaboresbolivia.com/tag/ferias/|url-status=live}}</ref> Britain, Canada,<ref name="canadafest">{{cite web |title=Smashing Success! Crowd Watches as Pumpkin Dropped on Old Car&nbsp;... All for a Gourd Cause |url=http://www.calgarysun.com/2014/10/12/smashing-success-crowd-watches-as-pumpkin-dropped-on-old-car--all-for-a-gourd-cause |agency=Calgary Sun |date=October 11, 2014 |last=McMurray |first=Jenna |access-date=November 20, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018144126/http://www.calgarysun.com/2014/10/12/smashing-success-crowd-watches-as-pumpkin-dropped-on-old-car--all-for-a-gourd-cause |archive-date=October 18, 2014 }}</ref> Croatia,<ref name="Bučijada">{{cite web|title=Pumpkin Festival|url=http://www.tzig.hr/en/bucijada|website=Tourist Board of Ivanić-Grad|access-date=3 February 2016|archive-date=26 September 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160926101810/http://www.tzig.hr/en/bucijada|url-status=live}}</ref> France,<ref name="FranceArgentenay">{{cite web |title=Caligny: le Village de l'Orne où le Potiron est Roi |date=4 October 2014 |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/basse-normandie/2014/10/04/caligny-le-village-de-l-orne-ou-le-potiron-est-roi-564684.htmll |publisher=info.fr|language=fr |access-date=December 31, 2014}}</ref><ref name="FranceSaint Bleu">{{cite web |title=Fête de la Citrouille et des Cucurbitacées de Saint Laurent |date=2 October 2014 |url=http://www.francebleu.fr/evenements/evenement/fete-de-la-citrouille-et-des-cucurbitacees-de-saint-laurent-1822484 |publisher=France Bleu |language=fr |access-date=November 22, 2014}}</ref> Germany, India, Italy,<ref name="ItalyVenzone">{{cite web |title=Festa della Zucca |url=http://www.prolocovenzone.it/Areas/GeneralInformation/FestaDellaZucca.aspx |publisher=Associazione Pro Loco di Venzone |language=it |access-date=November 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130413065928/http://www.prolocovenzone.it/Areas/GeneralInformation/FestaDellaZucca.aspx |archive-date=April 13, 2013 }}</ref><ref name="ItalySalzano">{{cite web |title=21º Festa della Zucca Salzano  |url=http://www.prolocosalzano.it/zucca/ |publisher=Pro Loco Salzano |language=it |access-date=November 22, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129081032/http://www.prolocosalzano.it/zucca/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ItalyPiozzo">{{cite web |title=Tra Meno un Mese Torna la Fiera Regionale della Zucca di Piozzo, ecco il Programma Ufficiale della 21esima Edizione |url=http://www.prolocopiozzo.it/new/index.php |publisher=Pro Loco di Piozzo |language=it |access-date=November 22, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129112156/http://www.prolocopiozzo.it/new/index.php |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ItalyVarese">{{cite web |title=Fiesta de la Calabaza en Gavirate (Varese) |date=8 October 2013 |url=http://desdemilan.wordpress.com/2013/10/08/fiesta-de-la-calabaza-en-gavirate-varese/ |publisher=SarayT |language=es |access-date=November 22, 2014 |archive-date=25 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225034235/https://desdemilan.wordpress.com/2013/10/08/fiesta-de-la-calabaza-en-gavirate-varese/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Japan,<ref name="japanfest">{{cite web |title=Autumn Events Calendar |url=http://www.asahikawa-tourism.com/asahikawa/asahikawa_autumn/autumn.html |publisher=Asahikawa Tourism |access-date=November 20, 2014 |archive-date=November 3, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141103143818/http://www.asahikawa-tourism.com/asahikawa/asahikawa_autumn/autumn.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Peru,<ref name="PeruCuribaya">{{cite web|title=Festival del Zapallo y de la Trucha de Curibaya se Realizará en la Plaza Quiñonez|date=10 April 2014|url=http://radiouno.pe/noticias/40045/festival-zapallo-trucha-curibaya-se-realizara-plaza-quinonez|publisher=Radio Uno|language=es|access-date=November 22, 2014|archive-date=29 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129061541/http://radiouno.pe/noticias/40045/festival-zapallo-trucha-curibaya-se-realizara-plaza-quinonez|url-status=live}}</ref> Portugal, Spain,<ref name="SpainNavarra">{{cite web|title=V feria de las Calabazas Gigantes de Navarra (Valtierra)|url=http://www.lasbardenas.com/v-feria-de-las-calabazas-gigantes-de-navarra-valtierra/|publisher=Bardeneras|language=es|access-date=November 22, 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129143423/http://www.lasbardenas.com/v-feria-de-las-calabazas-gigantes-de-navarra-valtierra/|archive-date=November 29, 2014}}</ref> Switzerland,<ref>{{cite web |title=Festivals and Events in Switzerland |date=15 February 2009 |url=http://www.travelsignposts.com/Switzerland/useful-facts/festivals-and-events-in-switzerland/ |publisher=Travelsignposts |access-date=November 22, 2014 |archive-date=2 December 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202033307/http://www.travelsignposts.com/Switzerland/useful-facts/festivals-and-events-in-switzerland |url-status=live }}</ref> and the United States. Argentina holds an annual nationwide pumpkin festival ''Fiesta Nacional del Zapallo'' ({{lit|Squashes and Pumpkins National Festival}}), in [[Ceres, Santa Fe]],<ref name="ceres">{{cite web |title=Fiesta Nacional del Zapallo |url=http://lafiestanacional.com.ar/fiesta-nacional-del-zapallo/ |publisher=La Fiesta Nacional |language=es |access-date=November 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130804165532/http://lafiestanacional.com.ar/fiesta-nacional-del-zapallo/ |archive-date=August 4, 2013 }}</ref> on the last day of which a ''Reina Nacional del Zapallo'' ({{lit|National Queen of the Pumpkin}}) is chosen.<ref name="reinazapallo">{{cite web |title=Esperanza: Rocío Damiano fue elegida Reina Nacional del Zapallo en Ceres |url=http://entecultura.com.ar/usina2/2013/06/esperanza-rocio-damiano-fue-elegida-reina-nacional-del-zapallo-en-ceres/ |publisher=Ente Cultura |language=es |access-date=November 22, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129083945/http://entecultura.com.ar/usina2/2013/06/esperanza-rocio-damiano-fue-elegida-reina-nacional-del-zapallo-en-ceres/ |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="elliotal">{{cite web |title=Ceres: Presentaron la Fiesta Nacional del Zapallo |url=http://www.ellitoral.com/index.php/diarios/2014/06/11/regionales/REGI-02.html |publisher=El Litoral |language=es |access-date=November 22, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129025729/http://www.ellitoral.com/index.php/diarios/2014/06/11/regionales/REGI-02.html |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="ceresonline">{{cite web |title=Presentacion Oficial – 43º Fiesta Nacional del Zapallo |date=23 May 2014 |url=http://ceresonline.com.ar/2014/05/presentacion-oficial-43o-fiesta-nacional-del-zapallo/#sthash.Wo7kqTt8.VxmpezuP.dpbs |publisher=Ceres Online |language=es |access-date=November 22, 2014 |archive-date=29 November 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129211350/http://ceresonline.com.ar/2014/05/presentacion-oficial-43o-fiesta-nacional-del-zapallo/#sthash.Wo7kqTt8.VxmpezuP.dpbs |url-status=live }}</ref> In Portugal the ''Festival da Abóbora de Lourinhã e Atalaia'' ("Squashes and Pumpkins Festival in [[Lourinhã]] and [[Gavião e Atalaia|Atalaia]]") is held in Lourinhã city, called the ''Capital Nacional da Abóbora'' (the "National Capital of Squashes and Pumpkins").<ref name="PortugalLourinhã">{{cite web |title=Festival da Abóbora de Lourinhã e Atalaia |url=http://festivaldaabobora.pt/bem-vindo/ |publisher=Festival da Abobora |language=pt |access-date=November 22, 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141111011222/http://festivaldaabobora.pt/bem-vindo/ |archive-date=November 11, 2014 }}</ref> [[Ludwigsburg|Ludwigsburg, Germany]] annually hosts the world's largest pumpkin festival.<ref name="germanyfest">{{cite news |title=The World's Largest Pumpkin Festival in Germany |url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/worlds-largest-pumpkin-festival-germany-108208.html |newspaper=USA Today |access-date=November 20, 2014 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129042320/http://traveltips.usatoday.com/worlds-largest-pumpkin-festival-germany-108208.html |url-status=live }}</ref> In Britain a giant marrow (zucchini) weighing {{convert|54.3177|kg|lboz|frac=32|sp=us}} was displayed in the [[Harrogate]] Autumn Flower Show in 2012.<ref name="giantuk">{{cite web |title=Giant Vegetables from UK Festival |website=[[CBS News]] |date=14 September 2012 |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/giant-vegetables-from-uk-festival/ |access-date=November 20, 2014 |agency=CBS News |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129060808/http://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/giant-vegetables-from-uk-festival/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In the US, [[pumpkin chucking]] is practiced competitively, with machines such as [[trebuchet]]s and [[Seismic source#Air gun|air cannons]] designed to throw intact pumpkins as far as possible.<ref>{{cite web |title=Punkin Chunkin |url=http://www.sciencechannel.com/tv-shows/punkin-chunkin |publisher=Science Channel |access-date=November 20, 2014 |archive-date=November 13, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141113164745/http://www.sciencechannel.com/tv-shows/punkin-chunkin |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Campbell |first1=Andy |title=Punkin Chunkin 2013: Will Someone Finally Launch A Pumpkin One Mile? |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/26/punkin-chunkin-2013_n_4340138.html |work=Huffington Post |access-date=November 20, 2014 |date=November 26, 2013 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129071900/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/26/punkin-chunkin-2013_n_4340138.html |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Keene Pumpkin Fest]] is held annually in [[New Hampshire]]; in 2013 it held the world record for the most [[jack-o-lantern]]s lit in one place, 30,581 on October 19, 2013.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.sentinelsource.com/news/local/smiles-pumpkins-abound-as-keene-breaks-jack-o--lantern/article_aa596f94-5018-5fb5-add9-5328fc1e466a.html | author=Dandrea, Alyssa | date=October 20, 2013 | title=Smiles, Pumpkins Abound as Keene Breaks Jack-o'-lantern Record | newspaper=The Keene Sentinel | access-date=November 20, 2013 | archive-date=November 23, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131123222840/http://www.sentinelsource.com/news/local/smiles-pumpkins-abound-as-keene-breaks-jack-o--lantern/article_aa596f94-5018-5fb5-add9-5328fc1e466a.html | url-status=live }}</ref>

[[Hallowe'en]] is widely celebrated with jack-o-lanterns made of large orange pumpkins carved with ghoulish faces and illuminated from inside with candles.<ref name="jacko">{{cite web |title=History of the Jack O' Lantern |url=http://www.history.com/topics/halloween/jack-olantern-history |website=History.com |publisher=A&E Networks |access-date=November 20, 2014 |archive-date=November 18, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141118024059/http://www.history.com/topics/halloween/jack-olantern-history |url-status=live }}</ref> The pumpkins used for jack-o-lanterns are ''C.&nbsp;pepo'',<ref name="ufl">{{cite web |last=Stephens |first=James M. |url=http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mv116 |title=Pumpkin — Cucurbita spp. |publisher=University of Florida |access-date=November 23, 2014 |archive-date=October 31, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141031125048/http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/mv116 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="baggett">{{cite web |last=Baggett |first=J. R. |url=http://cuke.hort.ncsu.edu/cgc/cgc02/cgc2-19.html |title=Attempts to Cross ''Cucurbita moschata'' (Duch.) Poir. 'Butternut' and ''C. pepo'' L. 'Delicata' |publisher=North Carolina State University |access-date=November 23, 2014 |archive-date=February 6, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140206122219/http://cuke.hort.ncsu.edu/cgc/cgc02/cgc2-19.html |url-status=live }}</ref> not to be confused with the ones typically used for pumpkin pie in the United States, which are ''C.&nbsp;moschata''.<ref name="richardson"/> [[Kew Gardens]] marked Hallowe’en in 2013 with a display of pumpkins, including a towering pyramid made of many varieties of squash, in the Waterlily House during its "IncrEdibles" festival.<ref>{{cite web |title=IncrEdible! Kew Gardens to Unveil Towering Pyramid of Pumpkins in London |url=http://www.countrylife.co.uk/news/country-news/incredible-kew-gardens-to-unveil-towering-pyramid-of-pumpkins-in-london |publisher=Country Life |access-date=November 20, 2014 |date=September 12, 2013 |archive-date=November 29, 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141129070254/http://www.countrylife.co.uk/news/country-news/incredible-kew-gardens-to-unveil-towering-pyramid-of-pumpkins-in-london |url-status=live }}<!--Source says 75 varieties; but not all were in the pyramid itself--></ref>