Editing Creation science (section)

==={{anchor|Creation biology}} Biology ===
{{main|Created kind}}
Creationist arguments in relation to biology center on an idea derived from Genesis that states that life was created by God, in a finite number of "created kinds," rather than through biological evolution from a common ancestor. Creationists contend that any observable [[speciation]] descends from these distinctly created kinds through inbreeding, deleterious mutations and other genetic mechanisms.<ref>{{cite podcast |url=http://www.goucher.edu/news-and-events/podcasts/eugenie-scott |title=Eugenie Scott: The Evolution of Creationism |website=[[Goucher College]] |date=March 13, 2006 |access-date=2014-09-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141018023859/http://www.goucher.edu/news-and-events/podcasts/eugenie-scott |archive-date=October 18, 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Whereas evolutionary biologists and creationists share similar views of [[microevolution]], creationists reject the fact that the process of [[macroevolution]] can explain common ancestry among organisms far beyond the level of common species.<ref name="evc"/> Creationists contend that there is no empirical evidence for new plant or animal species, and deny fossil evidence has ever been found documenting the process.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Morris |first=Henry M. |author-link=Henry M. Morris |date=June 1986 |title=The Vanishing Case for Evolution |url=http://www.icr.org/index.php?module=articles&action=view&ID=260 |journal=Acts & Facts |volume=15 |issue=6 |issn=1094-8562 |access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref>

Popular arguments against evolution have changed since the publishing of Henry M. Morris' first book on the subject, ''Scientific Creationism'' (1974), but some consistent themes remain: that [[Transitional fossil#Missing links|missing links]] or gaps in the fossil record are proof against evolution; that the increased complexity of organisms over time through evolution is not possible due to the law of increasing [[entropy]]; that it is impossible that the mechanism of natural selection could account for common ancestry; and that evolutionary theory is untestable. The [[human evolution|origin of the human species]] is particularly hotly contested; the fossil remains of [[Hominidae|hominid]] ancestors are not considered by advocates of creation biology to be evidence for a speciation event involving ''[[Homo sapiens]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/compare.html |title=Comparison of all skulls |last=Foley |first=Jim |website=TalkOrigins Archive |publisher=The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. |location=Houston, TX |access-date=2014-09-18}}</ref> Creationists also assert that early hominids, are either apes, or humans.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.talkorigins.org/indexcc/CC/CC050.html |title=CC050: Hominid transition |date=September 30, 2004 |editor-last=Isaak |editor-first=Mark |website=TalkOrigins Archive |publisher=The TalkOrigins Foundation, Inc. |location=Houston, TX |access-date=2013-09-01}}</ref>

[[Richard Dawkins]] has explained evolution as "a theory of gradual, incremental change over millions of years, which starts with something very simple and works up along slow, gradual gradients to greater complexity," and described the existing fossil record as entirely consistent with that process. Biologists emphasize that transitional gaps between recovered fossils are to be expected, that the existence of any such gaps cannot be invoked to disprove evolution, and that instead the fossil evidence that could be used to disprove the theory would be those fossils which are found and which are entirely inconsistent with what can be predicted or anticipated by the evolutionary model. One example given by Dawkins was, "If there were a single [[Hippopotamus|hippo]] or [[Precambrian rabbit|rabbit in the Precambrian]], that would completely blow evolution out of the water. None have ever been found."<ref>{{cite journal |last=Wallis |first=Claudia |date=August 7, 2005 |title=The Evolution Wars |url=http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1090909-1,00.html |journal=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |volume=166 |issue=7 |pages=26–30, 32, 34–5 |pmid=16116981 |access-date=2013-09-01}}</ref>