Editing Council of Europe (section)

== Co-operation ==

===Conventions: European Treaty Series===
{{main|List of Council of Europe treaties}}
The Council of Europe works mainly through international treaties, usually called conventions in its system. By drafting conventions or international treaties, common legal standards are set for its member states. The conventions are collected in the [[List of Council of Europe treaties|European Treaty Series]].

=== Non-member states ===
Several conventions have also been opened for signature to non-member states. Important examples are the [[Convention on Cybercrime]] (signed for example, by Canada, Japan, South Africa and the United States), the [[Lisbon Recognition Convention]] on the recognition of study periods and degrees (signed for example, by Australia, Belarus, Canada, the [[Holy See]], Israel, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, New Zealand and the United States), the Anti-[[Doping (sport)|doping]] Convention (signed, for example, by Australia, Belarus, Canada and Tunisia) and the [[Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats]] (signed for example, by Burkina Faso, Morocco, Tunisia and Senegal as well as the [[European Community]]). Non-member states also participate in several partial agreements, such as the [[Venice Commission]], the [[Group of States Against Corruption]] (GRECO), the [[European Pharmacopoeia]] Commission and the [[North-South Centre]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Full list – Treaty Office – publi.coe.int |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=Treaty Office |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Invitations to sign and ratify relevant conventions of the Council of Europe on a case-by-case basis are sent to three groups of non-member entities:<ref>{{cite web |url=http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheNonMembres.asp?CM=14&CL=ENG |title=CoE Conventions |publisher=Conventions.coe.int |date=31 December 1998 |access-date=11 February 2012 |archive-date=7 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807043957/http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/Commun/ChercheNonMembres.asp?CM=14&CL=ENG |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* Non-European states: Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahamas, Bolivia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Malaysia, Mauritius, Morocco, New Zealand, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Senegal, South Africa, South Korea, Syria, Tajikistan, Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Uruguay, Venezuela and the observers Canada, Israel, Japan, Mexico, United States.
* European states: Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kosovo, Russia and the observer Holy See.
* The European Community and later the [[European Union]] after its [[legal personality]] was established by the ratification of the EU's [[Lisbon Treaty]].

=== European Union ===

{{main|Council of Europe–European Union relations}}
{{Supranational European Bodies|size=400px|align=right}}
The Council of Europe is not to be confused with the [[Council of the European Union]] (the "Council of Ministers") or the [[European Council]], which belong to the [[European Union]], an entirely separate body from the Council of Europe,<ref name="COE_not_EU">{{cite web |url = http://europa.eu/about-eu/institutions-bodies/council-eu/index_en.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130625020618/http://europa.eu/about-eu/institutions-bodies/council-eu/index_en.htm |archive-date=25 June 2013 |url-status=live |title=Council of the European Union |publisher=[[European Union]] |access-date=26 October 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> although they have shared the same European flag and anthem since the 1980s since they both work for [[European integration]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Council of Europe and the European Union – Portal – publi.coe.int |url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/european-union |access-date=12 February 2023 |website=Portal |language=en-GB}}</ref>

Cooperation between the [[European Union]] and the Council of Europe was reinforced in the mid-2000s, notably on culture and education as well as on the international enforcement of justice and Human Rights.<ref>{{cite web|title = The Council of Europe and the European Union sign an agreement to foster mutual cooperation|date=23 May 2007|url=https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=PR331(2007)&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=original&BackColorInternet=F5CA75&BackColorIntranet=F5CA75&BackColorLogged=A9BACE&ShowBanner=no&Target=_self|publisher=Council of Europe|access-date = 5 August 2008}}</ref>

The European Union is expected to accede to the [[European Convention on Human Rights]] (the convention). There are also concerns about consistency in case law – the [[European Court of Justice]] (the EU's court in [[Luxembourg]]) is treating the convention as part of the legal system of all [[Member state of the European Union|EU member states]] in order to prevent conflict between its judgements and those of the [[European Court of Human Rights]] (the court in [[Strasbourg]] interpreting the convention). Protocol No. 14 of the convention is designed to allow the EU to accede to it and the EU [[Treaty of Lisbon]] contains a protocol binding the EU to join. The EU would thus be subject to its human rights law and external monitoring as its member states currently are.<ref name="Juncker Council">{{cite web|last=Juncker|first=Jean-Claude|author-link=Jean-Claude Juncker|title =Council of Europe – European Union: "A sole ambition for the European continent"|year=2006|publisher=Council of Europe|url=http://assembly.coe.int/Sessions/2006/speeches/20060411_report_JCJuncker_EN.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221010/http://assembly.coe.int/Sessions/2006/speeches/20060411_report_JCJuncker_EN.pdf |archive-date=10 October 2022 |url-status=live|access-date = 5 August 2008 }}</ref><ref name="Reform Draft">{{cite web|title=Draft treaty modifying the treaty on the European Union and the treaty establishing the European community|date=24 July 2007|publisher=[[Open Europe]]|url=http://www.openeurope.org.uk/research/translation.pdf|access-date=5 August 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808073053/http://www.openeurope.org.uk/research/translation.pdf|archive-date=8 August 2007}}</ref>

=== Schools of Political Studies ===
The Council of Europe ''Schools of Political Studies'' were established to train future generations of political, economic, social and cultural leaders in countries in transition. With the participation of national and international experts, they run annual series of seminars and conferences on topics such as European integration, democracy, human rights, the rule of law and globalisation. The first School of Political Studies was created in Moscow in 1992. By 2020, 20 other schools had been set up along the same lines, forming an association;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.schoolsofpoliticalstudies.eu/index.php/en/ |title=Home |publisher=Schoolsofpoliticalstudies.eu |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref> a network covering the whole of Eastern and South-Eastern Europe and the Caucasus, as well as some countries in the Southern Mediterranean region. The schools are part of the Education Department, which is part of the Directorate of Democratic Participation within the Directorate General of Democracy ("DGII") of the Council of Europe.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.coe.int/en/web/schools-political-studies |title=Schools of Political Studies |publisher=Coe.int |access-date=24 September 2020}}</ref>

=== United Nations ===
Cooperation between the CoE and the [[UN]] started with the agreement signed by the Secretariats of these institutions on 15 December 1951. On 17 October 1989, the [[United Nations General Assembly|General Assembly of the United Nations]] approved a resolution on granting observer status to the Council of Europe which was proposed by several member states of the CoE.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.coe.int/en/web/der/united-nations|title=The Council of Europe's Relations with the United Nations|website=The Council of Europe|language=en-GB|access-date=25 August 2017}}</ref> Currently, the Council of Europe holds [[United Nations General Assembly observers|observer status]] with the [[United Nations]] and is regularly represented in the [[UN General Assembly]]. It has organised the regional UN conferences against racism and on women. It co-operates with the United Nations at many levels, in particular in the areas of human rights, minorities, migration and counter-terrorism. In November 2016, the UN General Assembly adopted by consensus Resolution (A/Res/71/17) on Cooperation between the United Nations and the Council of Europe whereby it acknowledged the contribution of the Council of Europe to the protection and strengthening of human rights and fundamental freedoms, democracy and the rule of law, welcomed the ongoing co-operation in a variety of fields.

=== Non-governmental organisations ===

[[Non-governmental organisations]] (NGOs) can participate in the [[INGOs Conference of the Council of Europe]] and become observers to inter-governmental committees of experts. The Council of Europe drafted the [[European Convention on the Recognition of the Legal Personality of International Non-Governmental Organisations]] in 1986, which sets the legal basis for the existence and work of NGOs in Europe. Article 11 of the [[European Convention on Human Rights]] protects the right to freedom of association, which is also a fundamental norm for NGOs. The rules for [[consultative status]] for INGOs appended to the resolution (93)38 "On relation between the Council of Europe and [[International nongovernmental organizations|non-governmental organisations]]", adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 18 October 1993 at the 500th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies. On 19 November 2003, the Committee of Ministers changed the consultative status into a participatory status, "considering that it is indispensable that the rules governing the relations between the Council of Europe and NGOs evolve to reflect the active participation of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) in the Organisation's policy and work programme".<ref>{{cite web| url = https://wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=Res%282003%298&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=original&Site=CM&BackColorInternet=C3C3C3&BackColorIntranet=EDB021&BackColorLogged=F5D383| title = COUNCIL OF EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS Resolution Res(2003)8 Participatory status for international non-governmental organisations with the Council of Europe (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 19 November 2003 at the 861st meeting of the Ministers' Deputies)|work=wcd.coe.int |access-date=22 June 2022}}</ref>

=== Others ===

On 30 May 2018, the Council of Europe signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with the European [[Association football|football]] confederation [[UEFA]].<ref>{{cite web |title=UEFA and the Council of Europe sign Memorandum of Understanding |date = 30 May 2018|url=https://www.uefa.com/news-media/news/0245-0e98dbc7231c-a5fdcb0780d5-1000--uefa-and-the-council-of-europe-sign-memorandum-of-understa/ |publisher=UEFA |access-date=2 June 2018}}</ref>

The Council of Europe also signed an agreement with FIFA in which the two agreed to strengthen future cooperation in areas of common interests. The deal which included cooperation between member states in the sport of football and safety and security at football matches was finalized in October 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://tass.com/sport/1024752|title=Council of Europe and FIFA ink landmark deal on cooperation in shared areas|work=TASS|access-date=3 December 2018|language=ru}}</ref>