Editing Clermont-Ferrand (section)

==Culture==
[[File:Fontaine place victoire 4.jpg|thumb|One of the 48 public [[fountain]]s with the cathedral in background. The fountain and the cathedral are made with the typical black volcanic stone of the area, named "[[pierre de Volvic]]".]]
Clermont-Ferrand was the home of mathematician and philosopher [[Blaise Pascal]], who tested [[Evangelista Torricelli]]'s hypothesis concerning the influence of [[Partial pressure|gas pressure]] on liquid equilibrium. This is the experiment in which a [[vacuum]] is created in a mercury tube; Pascal's experiment had his brother-in-law carry a [[barometer]] to the top of the [[Puy-de-Dôme (mountain)|Puy-de-Dôme]]. The [[Blaise Pascal University|Université Blaise-Pascal]] (or Clermont-Ferrand II) was located primarily in the city and is named after him.

{{anchor|Short Film Festival}}Clermont-Ferrand also hosts the [[Clermont-Ferrand International Short Film Festival]], the world's first international short film festival, which originated in 1979. This festival, which brings thousands of people every year (137,000 in 2008) to the city, is the second [[Cinema of France|French film]] Festival after Cannes in terms of visitors, but ranks first for spectators (in Cannes, visitors are not allowed in theatres, only professionals). This festival has revealed many young talented directors who are now well known in France and internationally, such as [[Mathieu Kassovitz]], [[Cédric Klapisch]] and Éric Zonka.

Beside the short film festival, Clermont-Ferrand hosts more than twenty music, film, dance, theatre and video and digital art festivals every year. With more than 800 artistic groups from dance to music, Clermont-Ferrand and the Auvergne region's cultural life is significant in France. One of the city's nicknames is "The Liverpool of France". Groups such as The Elderberries and [[Cocoon (band)|Cocoon]] were formed there.

Additionally, the city was the subject of the acclaimed documentary ''[[The Sorrow and the Pity]]'', which used Clermont-Ferrand as the basis of the film, telling the story of France under [[Nazism|Nazi]] occupation and the [[Vichy regime]] of Marshal [[Philippe Pétain|Pétain]]. [[Pierre Laval]], Pétain's "handman", was an ''Auvergnat''.

''[[My Night at Maud's]]'' ({{langx|fr|Ma nuit chez Maud}}), a 1969 French [[Drama (film and television)|drama film]] by [[Éric Rohmer]], was set and filmed in Clermont-Ferrand in and around Christmas Eve.<ref>James Monaco. ''The New Wave''. New York: Oxford University Press. 1976. p. 303.</ref> It is the third film (fourth in order of release) in his series of ''[[Six Moral Tales]]''. [[Pascal's wager]], a philosophical and theological [[thought experiment]] from [[Blaise Pascal]]'s ''[[Pensées]]'', is a major theme in the film. Pascal was born in Clermont-Ferrand in 1623.

The city also hosts ''[[L'Aventure Michelin]]'', the museum dedicated to the history of Michelin group.

===Sport===
A [[List of Formula One circuits|racing circuit]] close to the city, the [[Charade Circuit]], using closed-off [[Highway|public road]]s, held the [[French Grand Prix]] in [[1965 Formula One season|1965]], [[1969 Formula One season|1969]], [[1970 Formula One season|1970]] and [[1972 Formula One season|1972]]. It was a daunting circuit, with such harsh elevation changes that some drivers became ill as they drove. Winners included [[Jim Clark]], [[Jackie Stewart]] (twice), and [[Jochen Rindt]].

Clermont-Ferrand has some experience in hosting major international sports tournaments, including the FIBA [[EuroBasket 1999]]. The city was the finish of [[Tour de France]] stages in 1951 and 1959, and will host the start of the [[2023 Tour de France Femmes]].<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |date=2022-10-27 |title=Tour de France 2023: routes reach for the sky with limited sprint chances |url=https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2022/oct/27/tour-de-france-announces-2023-routes |access-date=2022-11-02 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}</ref>

The city is also home to a [[rugby union]] club competing at international level, [[ASM Clermont Auvergne]], as well as [[Clermont Foot|Clermont Foot Auvergne]], a football club that has competed in France's top tier, [[Ligue 1]], since the 2021/22 season.

In the [[Rugby sevens|sevens version]] of rugby union, Clermont-Ferrand has hosted the [[France Women's Sevens]], the final event in each season's [[World Rugby Women's Sevens Series]], since [[2015-16 World Rugby Women's Sevens Series|2016]].