Editing Chinatown, Manhattan (section)

===Gentrification and decline in Chinese population===
[[File:New York lion dance lion.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|A [[lion dance|Chinese lion]] during [[Chinese New Year]] festivities on Mott St. near [[Worth Street (Manhattan)|Worth St]].]]
By 2007, luxury [[condominium]]s began to spread from [[SoHo, Manhattan|SoHo]] into Chinatown. Previously, Chinatown was noted for its crowded tenements and primarily Chinese residents. While some projects have targeted the Chinese community, the development of luxury housing has increased Chinatown's economic and cultural diversity.<ref>Toy, Vivian S. "[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/17/realestate/17cov.html?pagewanted=print Luxury Condos Arrive in Chinatown] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180811031814/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/17/realestate/17cov.html?pagewanted=print |date=August 11, 2018 }}." ''The New York Times''. September 17, 2006. Retrieved on April 2, 2010.</ref>  A 2021 N.Y.U Furman poll found that the racial and ethnic composition of Asian identifying individuals within the community dropped from 34.8% in 2000 to 28.1% in 2021, a 6.7% decrease.<ref name="furmancenter.org"/>

Since the early 2000s, there has been a continuously increasing number of buildings in Chinatown, neighboring [[Two Bridges, Manhattan|Two Bridges]], and the [[Lower East Side]], taken over by new landlords and real estate developers, who then charged higher rents and/or demolished the buildings to build newer structures.<ref name="auto" /> Often, whenever this happens, many [[Little Fuzhou|Fuzhounese tenants]] are more likely to be evicted, especially in the [[Little Fuzhou|eastern portion of Chinatown]], where illegal subdivision, overcrowding, lack of leases, and lack of immigrant paperwork are common. In addition, since the 2000s, there have been city officials inspecting apartment buildings and cracking down on illegal units. With tenants that have rent-stabilized leases, legal residency documents, no apartment subdivisions, and a lesser probability of subletting over capacity—most of whom are long-time Cantonese residents—it is usually harder for the newer landlords to be able to force these tenants out, especially including the western portion of Chinatown, which is still mainly Cantonese populated. However, newer landlords still continuously try find other loopholes to force them out.<ref>*{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25920980 |title=The slow decline of American Chinatowns |newspaper=BBC News |date=February 4, 2014 |last1=Lewis |first1=Aidan |access-date=June 21, 2018 |archive-date=March 27, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230327092457/https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-25920980 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=http://voicesofny.org/2014/11/employment-agencies-chinatown-shrinking/ |title=Employment Agencies Leave Manhattan's Chinatown |access-date=January 8, 2016 |archive-date=January 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126085352/http://voicesofny.org/2014/11/employment-agencies-chinatown-shrinking/ |url-status=dead }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.villagevoice.com/news/how-can-new-york-stop-the-citys-worst-landlords-6668011 |title=How Can New York Stop the City's Worst Landlords? |author=Anna Merlan |work=Village Voice |date=October 21, 2014 |access-date=January 8, 2016 |archive-date=January 23, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160123155334/http://www.villagevoice.com/news/how-can-new-york-stop-the-citys-worst-landlords-6668011 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=http://pix11.com/2014/08/20/gov-cuomo-subpoenas-manhattan-landlord-trying-to-evict-rent-regulated-tenants/ |title=Gov. Cuomo subpoenas landlord trying to evict rent-regulated tenants – New York's PIX11 / WPIX-TV |work=New York's PIX11 / WPIX-TV |date=August 21, 2014 |access-date=January 8, 2016 |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129084234/http://pix11.com/2014/08/20/gov-cuomo-subpoenas-manhattan-landlord-trying-to-evict-rent-regulated-tenants/ |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/rising-real-estate-prices-remake-new-yorks-chinatown/1820606.html |title=Rising Real Estate Prices Remake New York's Chinatown |work=VOA |access-date=January 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160129083630/http://www.voanews.com/content/rising-real-estate-prices-remake-new-yorks-chinatown/1820606.html |archive-date=January 29, 2016 |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=http://metcouncilonhousing.org/news_and_issues/tenant_newspaper/2012/october/displacement_crisis_in_chinatown |title=Displacement Crisis in Chinatown |date=March 18, 2020 |access-date=January 9, 2016 |archive-date=January 26, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160126043830/http://metcouncilonhousing.org/news_and_issues/tenant_newspaper/2012/october/displacement_crisis_in_chinatown |url-status=live }}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/landlord-wastes-no-time-kick-residents-curb-chinatown-article-1.148172 |title=Landlord tries to kick residents to curb |author=ERIN DURKIN |date=January 3, 2011 |work=NY Daily News |access-date=January 9, 2016 |archive-date=February 22, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160222152946/http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/landlord-wastes-no-time-kick-residents-curb-chinatown-article-1.148172 |url-status=live }}</ref>

By 2009, many newer Chinese immigrants settled along East Broadway instead of the historic core west of [[Bowery]]. In addition [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] began to eclipse [[Canton dialect|Cantonese]] as the predominant Chinese dialect in New York's Chinatown during the period. ''[[The New York Times]]'' says that the Flushing Chinatown now rivals Manhattan's Chinatown in terms of being a cultural center for Chinese-speaking New Yorkers' politics and trade.<ref name="Chinesechange"/>

====Current status as Chinese shopping business district====
Despite the area's gentrification, it is still a popular Chinese commercial shopping district, frequented by residents of the [[New York metropolitan area]] as well as tourists. In addition, high-income professionals are moving into the area and patronizing Chinese businesses.<ref name="macaulay.cuny.edu"/> However, commercial activity is not concentrated evenly through Chinatown. The western half of Chinatown (the original Cantonese Chinatown), known as [[Mott Street|Little Hong Kong/Guangdong]], is still relatively active. However, the eastern/southern part of Chinatown, known as [[Little Fuzhou]], has become primarily residential, and thus, the most primarily affected by the decline in business. Businesses in Little Fuzhou may be affected by the spread of gentrification from the nearby [[Lower East Side]] and [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]].<ref name="macaulay.cuny.edu">{{Cite web | url=https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/genyc/2018/05/10/a-tale-of-two-chinatowns/ | title=A Tale of Two Chinatowns – Gentrification in NYC &#124; Rosenberg 2018 | access-date=April 11, 2019 | archive-date=January 19, 2021 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210119193235/https://eportfolios.macaulay.cuny.edu/genyc/2018/05/10/a-tale-of-two-chinatowns/ | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web | url=https://voicesofny.org/2018/07/the-decline-of-east-broadway/ | title=– the Decline of East Broadway? | access-date=August 13, 2019 | archive-date=May 27, 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190527134505/https://voicesofny.org/2018/07/the-decline-of-east-broadway/ | url-status=live }}</ref>

In 2016, the oldest continuously run business in Manhattan's Chinatown was up for sale: [[Wing on Wo and Co]], established in 1890. The building was worth around $10 million, including six stories and a store front, one of the only buildings left of its kind in the area. [[Mei Lum]], a grandchild of the original owner, stepped in before the sale and took over the business to preserve its history and position within the neighborhood, to "regenerate, encourage and protect" Chinatown's culture.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Vadukul |first=Alex |date=October 7, 2016 |title=On Brink of Sale, Family Shop in Chinatown Stays in Family |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/nyregion/family-shop-in-chinatown-stays-in-family-wing-on-wo-co.html |access-date=July 1, 2022 |website=The New York Times |language=en-US |archive-date=November 12, 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022911/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/nyregion/family-shop-in-chinatown-stays-in-family-wing-on-wo-co.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Lum started the "W.O.W. Project", which hopes to "preserve Chinatown's creative scene through art and activism".<ref>{{Cite web|date=July 20, 2018|title=W.O.W. Project Shares Stories of Resilience in Chinatown Open Mic Night|url=https://bedfordandbowery.com/2018/07/w-o-w-project-shares-stories-of-resilience-in-chinatown-open-mic-night/|access-date=December 2, 2020|website=Bedford + Bowery|language=en-US|archive-date=October 22, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201022233514/https://bedfordandbowery.com/2018/07/w-o-w-project-shares-stories-of-resilience-in-chinatown-open-mic-night/|url-status=live}}</ref> Events such as Open Mic nights and exhibitions would start conversations about this neighborhood's past and the people that have lived there.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Vadukul|first=Alex|date=October 7, 2016|title=On Brink of Sale, Family Shop in Chinatown Stays in Family|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/nyregion/family-shop-in-chinatown-stays-in-family-wing-on-wo-co.html|access-date=December 2, 2020|issn=0362-4331|archive-date=November 12, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112022911/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/09/nyregion/family-shop-in-chinatown-stays-in-family-wing-on-wo-co.html|url-status=live}}</ref> For example, in February 2020, the W.O.W. Project exhibited ethnographic research and oral history interviews that highlighted stories of migration, displacement, and everyday resilience in Chinatowns all over the world.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Public Programs|url=https://www.wingonwoand.co/programs|access-date=December 4, 2020|website=Wing on Wo & Co.|language=en-US|archive-date=October 13, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201013015428/https://www.wingonwoand.co/programs|url-status=dead}}</ref> In response to the [[COVID-19 pandemic in New York City]], the W.O.W. Project started a project called Love Letters to Chinatown.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Love Letters to Chinatown|url=https://www.wingonwoand.co/love-letters-to-chinatown|access-date=December 4, 2020|website=Wing on Wo & Co.|language=en-US|archive-date=October 21, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201021165923/https://www.wingonwoand.co/love-letters-to-chinatown|url-status=dead}}</ref>