Editing Chemotherapy (section)

=== Anemia ===
[[Anemia]] can be a combined outcome caused by myelosuppressive chemotherapy, and possible cancer-related causes such as [[bleeding]], [[blood cell]] destruction ([[hemolysis]]), hereditary disease, kidney dysfunction, nutritional deficiencies or [[anemia of chronic disease]]. Treatments to mitigate anemia include hormones to boost blood production ([[erythropoietin]]), [[iron supplement]]s, and [[blood transfusion]]s.<ref name="pmid10511589">{{cite journal | vauthors = Groopman JE, Itri LM | title = Chemotherapy-induced anemia in adults: incidence and treatment | journal = Journal of the National Cancer Institute | volume = 91 | issue = 19 | pages = 1616–34 | date = October 1999 | pmid = 10511589 | doi = 10.1093/jnci/91.19.1616 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid16925107">{{cite journal | vauthors = Henry DH | title = The role of intravenous iron in cancer-related anemia | journal = Oncology | volume = 20 | issue = 8 Suppl 6 | pages = 21–4 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16925107 }}</ref><ref name="pmid18597709">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rodgers GM, Becker PS, Bennett CL, Cella D, Chanan-Khan A, Chesney C, Cleeland C, Coccia PF, Djulbegovic B, Garst JL, Gilreath JA, Kraut EH, Lin WC, Matulonis U, Millenson M, Reinke D, Rosenthal J, Sabbatini P, Schwartz RN, Stein RS, Vij R | title = Cancer- and chemotherapy-induced anemia | journal = Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network | volume = 6 | issue = 6 | pages = 536–64 | date = July 2008 | pmid = 18597709 | doi =  10.6004/jnccn.2008.0042}}</ref> Myelosuppressive therapy can cause a tendency to bleed easily, leading to anemia. Medications that kill rapidly dividing cells or blood cells can reduce the number of [[platelet]]s in the blood, which can result in [[Hematoma|bruises]] and [[Hemorrhage|bleeding]]. Extremely low platelet counts may be temporarily boosted through [[platelet transfusion]]s and new drugs to increase platelet counts during chemotherapy are being developed.<ref name="pmid19245931">{{cite journal | vauthors = Vadhan-Raj S | title = Management of chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia: current status of thrombopoietic agents | journal = Seminars in Hematology | volume = 46 | issue = 1 Suppl 2 | pages = S26-32 | date = January 2009 | pmid = 19245931 | doi = 10.1053/j.seminhematol.2008.12.007 }}</ref><ref name="pmid16711312">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sekhon SS, Roy V | s2cid = 16527763 | title = Thrombocytopenia in adults: A practical approach to evaluation and management | journal = Southern Medical Journal | volume = 99 | issue = 5 | pages = 491–8; quiz 499–500, 533 | date = May 2006 | pmid = 16711312 | doi = 10.1097/01.smj.0000209275.75045.d4 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Estcourt L, Stanworth S, Doree C, Hopewell S, Murphy MF, Tinmouth A, Heddle N | title = Prophylactic platelet transfusion for prevention of bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 5 | pages = CD004269 | date = May 2012 | pmid = 22592695 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD004269.pub3 | pmc = 11972837 | collaboration = Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group | url = https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:552b24c8-5ce8-4f0c-8d08-2516e6c355b5/download_file?safe_filename=Estcourt%2Bet%2Bal%2C%2B%2BProphylactic%2Bplatelet%2Btransfusion%2Bfor%2Bprevention%2Bof%2Bbleeding%2Bin%2Bpatients%2Bwith%2Bhaematological%2Bdisorders.pdf&file_format=application%2Fpdf&type_of_work=Journal+article }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Estcourt LJ, Stanworth SJ, Doree C, Hopewell S, Trivella M, Murphy MF | title = Comparison of different platelet count thresholds to guide administration of prophylactic platelet transfusion for preventing bleeding in people with haematological disorders after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | issue = 11 | pages = CD010983 | date = November 2015 | volume = 2015 | pmid = 26576687 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD010983.pub2 | pmc = 4717525 | collaboration = Cochrane Haematological Malignancies Group }}</ref> Sometimes, chemotherapy treatments are postponed to allow platelet counts to recover.

[[Cancer-related fatigue|Fatigue]] may be a consequence of the cancer or its treatment, and can last for months to years after treatment. One physiological cause of fatigue is anemia, which can be caused by chemotherapy, [[surgery]], [[radiotherapy]], primary and metastatic disease or nutritional depletion.<ref name="pmid20870636">{{cite journal | vauthors = Berger AM, Abernethy AP, Atkinson A, Barsevick AM, Breitbart WS, Cella D, Cimprich B, Cleeland C, Eisenberger MA, Escalante CP, Jacobsen PB, Kaldor P, Ligibel JA, Murphy BA, O'Connor T, Pirl WF, Rodler E, Rugo HS, Thomas J, Wagner LI | s2cid = 70400559 | title = NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines Cancer-related fatigue | journal = Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network | volume = 8 | issue = 8 | pages = 904–31 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20870636 | doi =  10.6004/jnccn.2010.0067| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid16500197">{{cite journal | vauthors = Franklin DJ, Packel L | title = Cancer-related fatigue | journal = Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation | volume = 87 | issue = 3 Suppl 1 | pages = S91–3; quiz S94–5 | date = March 2006 | pmid = 16500197 | doi = 10.1016/j.apmr.2005.12.015 }}</ref> [[Aerobic exercise]] has been found to be beneficial in reducing fatigue in people with [[solid tumour]]s.<ref name="pmid23152233">{{cite journal | vauthors = Cramp F, Byron-Daniel J | title = Exercise for the management of cancer-related fatigue in adults | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 11 | pages = CD006145 | date = November 2012 | issue = 9 | pmid = 23152233 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD006145.pub3 | pmc = 8480137 | editor1-last = Cramp | editor1-first = Fiona }}</ref>