Editing Castor oil (section)

===Lubrication===
[[File:Advertisement from The Aerial Age Weekly in 1921 - 002.jpg|thumb|Castor oil advertisement from ''The Aerial Age Weekly'' in 1921]]
Vegetable oils such as castor oil are typically unattractive alternatives to [[petroleum]]-derived [[lubricants]] because of their poor [[oxidation|oxidative]] stability.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=166442 |title=Directed synthesis of base oils that overcome traditional vegetable oil shortcomings|author-first1=Terry|author-last1=Isbell|publisher=Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers|date=May 20, 2004|access-date= 2007-08-02 |archive-date= 2006-10-01 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20061001013304/http://ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publications.htm?SEQ_NO_115=166442 |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/oil.html#Environment |title= Petroleum Oil and the Environment |publisher= DOE |access-date= 2006-12-28 |archive-date= 2009-08-23 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20090823080443/http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/sources/non-renewable/oil.html#Environment |url-status= live }}</ref> Castor oil has better low-temperature [[viscosity]] properties and high-temperature lubrication than most vegetable oils, making it useful as a lubricant in [[Jet engine|jet]], [[Diesel engine|diesel]], and racing engines.<ref>{{cite web|last=McGuire |first=Nancy |title=Taming the Bean |publisher=The American Chemical Society |year=2004 |url=http://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/feature_pro.html?id=c373e9faf603d46b8f6a4fd8fe800100 |access-date=2007-08-02 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060927062935/http://www.chemistry.org/portal/a/c/s/1/feature_pro.html?id=c373e9faf603d46b8f6a4fd8fe800100 |archive-date=September 27, 2006 }}</ref> The viscosity of castor oil at 10&nbsp;°C is 2,420 [[centipoise]],<ref name=Mat_hand>{{cite book |last1= Brady |first1= George S. |title= Materials Handbook |year= 1997 |publisher= McGraw-Hill |location= New York |isbn= 978-0070070844 |edition= 14th |last2= Clauser |first2= Henry R. |last3= Vaccari |first3= John |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/materialshandboo14geor }}</ref> but it tends to form gums in a short time, so its usefulness is limited to engines that are regularly rebuilt, such as racing engines. Lubricant company [[Castrol]] took its name from castor oil.

Castor oil has been suggested as a lubricant for [[bicycle pump]]s because it does not degrade natural rubber seals.<ref>{{Cite book |last= Older |first= Jules |title= Backroad and Offroad Biking |publisher= Stackpole Books |location= Mechanicsburg, PA |year= 2000 |page= 37 |isbn= 978-0811731508}}</ref>

====Turkey red oil====
Turkey red oil, also called sulphonated (or sulfated) castor oil, is made by adding [[sulfuric acid]] to vegetable oils, most notably castor oil.<ref name=HP/> It was the first synthetic [[detergent]] after ordinary [[soap]]. It is used in formulating [[lubricant]]s, softeners, and [[dye|dyeing assistants]].<ref name=HP>{{cite book |last1=Penda |first1=H |title=Herbal Soaps & Detergents Handbook |date=2017 |publisher=NIIR |location=Delhi, India |isbn=9789381039007 |page=121}}</ref>

====Biodiesel====
Castor oil, like currently less expensive vegetable oils, can be used as feedstock in the production of [[biodiesel]]. The resulting fuel is superior for cold winters, because of its exceptionally low [[cloud point]] and [[pour point]].<ref>''Biodiesel from Castor Oil: A Promising Fuel for Cold Weather'' [http://www.icrepq.com/full-paper-icrep/222-barajas.pdf (PDF)] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130616073236/http://www.icrepq.com/full-paper-icrep/222-barajas.pdf |date=June 16, 2013 }} by Carmen Leonor Barajas Forero, 2004-10-12. Retrieved 2012-01-24.</ref>

Initiatives to grow more castor for energy production, in preference to other oil crops, are motivated by social considerations. Tropical subsistence farmers would gain a [[cash crop]].<ref>[http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/622/the-promise-of-the-castor-bean ''The Promise of the Castor Bean''] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160309162746/http://www.biodieselmagazine.com/articles/622/the-promise-of-the-castor-bean |date=March 9, 2016 }} by Elizabeth Johnson, Biodiesel Magazine, 2004-12-01. Retrieved 2012-01-24.</ref>