Editing Calcium carbonate (section)

==Uses==
===Construction===
The main use of calcium carbonate is in the construction industry, either as a building material, or limestone [[Construction aggregate|aggregate]] for road building, as an ingredient of [[cement]], or as the starting material for the preparation of [[slaked lime|builders' lime]] by burning in a [[kiln]]. However, because of weathering mainly caused by [[acid rain]],<ref>{{cite web|title = Effects of Acid Rain|publisher = US Environmental Protection Agency|access-date = 14 March 2015|url = http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects/materials.html|archive-date = 2 March 2015|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150302173739/http://www.epa.gov/acidrain/effects/materials.html|url-status = live}}</ref> calcium carbonate (in limestone form) is no longer used for building purposes on its own, but only as a raw primary substance for building materials.

Calcium carbonate is also used in the purification of [[iron]] from [[iron ore]] in a [[blast furnace]]. The carbonate is [[Calcination|calcined]] ''in situ'' to give [[calcium oxide]], which forms a [[slag]] with various impurities present, and separates from the purified iron.<ref>{{cite web|title = Blast Furnace|publisher = Science Aid|access-date = 30 December 2007|url = http://www.scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/industrial/blastfurnace.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071217143213/http://www.scienceaid.co.uk/chemistry/industrial/blastfurnace.html|archive-date = 17 December 2007}}</ref>

In the [[oil industry]], calcium carbonate is added to [[drilling fluid]]s as a formation-bridging and filtercake-sealing agent; it is also a weighting material which increases the density of drilling fluids to control the downhole pressure. Calcium carbonate is added to [[swimming pool]]s, as a [[pH]] corrector for maintaining [[alkalinity]] and offsetting the acidic properties of the [[disinfectant]] agent.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8jF-AwAAQBAJ&q=Calcium+carbonate+is+also+mixed+with+putty+in+setting+stained+glass+windows,+and+as+a+resist+to+prevent+glass+from+sticking+to+kiln+shelves+when+firing+glazes+and+paints+at+high+temperature&pg=PT1601|title=Health & Drugs: Disease, Prescription & Medication|last=Sfetcu|first=Nicolae|date=2014-05-02|publisher=Nicolae Sfetcu|language=en}}</ref>

It is also used as a raw material in the [[Sugar refining|refining of sugar]] from [[sugar beet]]; it is calcined in a kiln with [[anthracite]] to produce calcium oxide and carbon dioxide. This burnt lime is then slaked in fresh water to produce a calcium hydroxide [[Suspension (chemistry)|suspension]] for the precipitation of impurities in raw juice during [[carbonatation]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=McGinnis|first1=R. A.|title=Beet-Sugar Technology|publisher=Beet Sugar Development Foundation|page=178|edition=2nd}}</ref>

Calcium carbonate in the form of [[chalk]] has traditionally been a major component of [[blackboard]] chalk. However, modern manufactured chalk is mostly [[gypsum]], hydrated [[calcium sulfate]] {{chem2|CaSO4*2H2O}}. Calcium carbonate is a main source for growing [[biorock]]. Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC), pre-dispersed in [[slurry]] form, is a common filler material for [[latex gloves]] with the aim of achieving maximum saving in material and production costs.<ref name=precaco3>{{cite web|title=Precipitated Calcium Carbonate uses |url=http://www.aristocratholding.com/calris-5.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140725032803/http://www.aristocratholding.com/calris-5.html |archive-date=25 July 2014}}</ref>

Fine ground calcium carbonate (GCC) is an essential ingredient in the microporous film used in [[diapers]] and some building films, as the pores are nucleated around the calcium carbonate particles during the manufacture of the film by biaxial stretching. GCC and PCC are used as a filler in [[paper]] because they are cheaper than [[wood fiber]]. Printing and writing paper can contain 10–20% calcium carbonate. In North America, calcium carbonate has begun to replace [[Kaolinite|kaolin]] in the production of [[glossy paper]]. Europe has been practicing this as alkaline [[papermaking]] or acid-free papermaking for some decades. PCC used for paper filling and paper coatings is precipitated and prepared in a variety of shapes and sizes having characteristic narrow particle size distributions and equivalent spherical diameters of 0.4 to 3 micrometers.{{citation needed|date=June 2015}}

Calcium carbonate is widely used as an [[Extender (ink)|extender]] in [[paint]]s,<ref name = reade>{{cite web|title = Calcium Carbonate Powder|publisher = Reade Advanced Materials|date = 4 February 2006|access-date = 30 December 2007|url = http://www.reade.com/Products/Minerals_and_Ores/calcium_carbonate.html|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080222003757/http://www.reade.com/Products/Minerals_and_Ores/calcium_carbonate.html|archive-date = 22 February 2008}}</ref> in particular [[Gloss and matte paint|matte]] [[emulsion paint]] where typically 30% by weight of the paint is either chalk or marble. It is also a popular filler in plastics.<ref name = reade/> Some typical examples include around 15–20% loading of chalk in [[Polyvinyl chloride|unplasticized polyvinyl chloride]] (uPVC) [[Rain gutter|drainpipes]], 5–15% loading of [[stearic acid|stearate]]-coated chalk or marble in uPVC window profile. [[Polyvinyl chloride|PVC]] cables can use calcium carbonate at loadings of up to 70&nbsp;phr (parts per hundred parts of resin) to improve mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation) and electrical properties (volume resistivity).{{citation needed|date=June 2015}} [[Polypropylene]] compounds are often filled with calcium carbonate to increase rigidity, a requirement that becomes important at high usage temperatures.<ref name= Imerys>{{cite web |url=http://www.imerys-perfmins.com/calcium-carbonate/eu/calcium-carbonate-plastic.htm |title=Calcium carbonate in plastic applications |access-date=1 August 2008 |publisher=Imerys Performance Minerals |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080804020529/http://www.imerys-perfmins.com/calcium-carbonate/eu/calcium-carbonate-plastic.htm |archive-date=4 August 2008}}</ref> Here the percentage is often 20–40%. It also routinely used as a filler in [[Thermosetting plastic|thermosetting resins]] (sheet and bulk molding compounds)<ref name = Imerys/> and has also been mixed with [[acrylonitrile butadiene styrene|ABS]], and other ingredients, to form some types of compression molded "clay" [[poker chip]]s.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.xintuchemical.com/why-do-calcium-carbonate-play-an-important-part-in-industrial-a-59.html|title=Why do calcium carbonate play an important part in Industrial|website=www.xintuchemical.com|language=en|access-date=2018-10-07|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183653/http://www.xintuchemical.com/why-do-calcium-carbonate-play-an-important-part-in-industrial-a-59.html|url-status=live}}</ref> Precipitated calcium carbonate, made by dropping [[calcium oxide]] into water, is used by itself or with additives as a white paint, known as [[whitewash]]ing.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dgci.be/18122-11/precipitated_calcium_carbonate_commodity_price|title=precipitated calcium carbonate commodity price|website=www.dgci.be|access-date=2018-10-07|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007223232/https://www.dgci.be/18122-11/precipitated_calcium_carbonate_commodity_price|archive-date=7 October 2018}}</ref><ref name="JimohEtAl2017">{{cite journal | url=http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/sajc/v70/01.pdf | title=Understanding the Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) Production Mechanism and Its Characteristics in the Liquid–Gas System Using Milk of Lime (MOL) Suspension | author=Jimoh, O.A. | display-authors=et al | journal=South African Journal of Chemistry | year=2017 | volume=70 | pages=1–7 | doi=10.17159/0379-4350/2017/v70a1 | doi-access=free | access-date=7 October 2018 | archive-date=21 September 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180921161721/http://www.scielo.org.za/pdf/sajc/v70/01.pdf | url-status=live}}</ref>

Calcium carbonate is added to a wide range of trade and [[do it yourself]] adhesives, sealants, and decorating fillers.<ref name = reade/> Ceramic tile adhesives typically contain 70% to 80% limestone. Decorating crack fillers contain similar levels of marble or dolomite. It is also mixed with putty in setting [[stained glass]] windows, and as a resist to prevent glass from sticking to kiln shelves when firing glazes and paints at high temperature.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.chemicalprocessing.com/experts/environmental-protection/show/533|access-date=2021-02-03|website=www.chemicalprocessing.com | title = Topic: Re: Can our calcium carbonate "waste" be utilized in other industries so we can divert it from landfills? | date = 4 March 2010 | url-status = live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170323143544/http://www.chemicalprocessing.com:80/experts/environmental-protection/show/533/ |archive-date=23 March 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Why do calcium carbonate play an important part in Industry?|url=http://www.xintuchemical.com/why-do-calcium-carbonate-play-an-important-part-in-industrial-a-59.html|access-date=2021-02-03|website=www.xintuchemical.com|archive-date=7 October 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181007183653/http://www.xintuchemical.com/why-do-calcium-carbonate-play-an-important-part-in-industrial-a-59.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Calcium Carbonates / Calcite/ Limestone. CaCO3 {{!}} Rajasthan Minerals & Chemicals|url=http://www.rmcl.co.in/calcium-carbonates_calcite.html|access-date=2021-02-03|website=www.rmcl.co.in|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415090019/http://www.rmcl.co.in/calcium-carbonates_calcite.html}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kamceramics.com/portfolio/calcium-carbonate/|title=Calcium Carbonate|access-date=2021-02-03|website=kamceramics.com|archive-date=15 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210415064720/http://kamceramics.com/portfolio/calcium-carbonate/|url-status=live}}</ref>

In [[ceramic glaze]] applications, calcium carbonate is known as ''whiting'',<ref name = reade/> and is a common ingredient for many glazes in its white powdered form. When a glaze containing this material is fired in a kiln, the whiting acts as a [[Ceramic flux|flux]] material in the glaze. Ground calcium carbonate is an [[abrasive]] (both as scouring powder and as an ingredient of household scouring creams), in particular in its calcite form, which has the relatively low hardness level of 3 on the [[Mohs scale of mineral hardness|Mohs scale]], and will therefore not scratch [[glass]] and most other [[ceramic]]s, [[Vitreous enamel|enamel]], [[bronze]], [[iron]], and [[steel]], and have a moderate effect on softer metals like [[aluminium]] and [[copper]]. A paste made from calcium carbonate and [[deionized water]] can be used to clean [[tarnish]] on [[silver]].<ref name="Make it Shine">{{cite web|title = Ohio Historical Society Blog: Make It Shine|publisher = Ohio Historical Society|url = http://ohiohistory.wordpress.com/2011/06/02/making-it-shine/|access-date = 2 June 2011|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120323201653/http://ohiohistory.wordpress.com/2011/06/02/making-it-shine/|archive-date = 23 March 2012}}</ref>

===Health and diet===
[[File:500 mg calcium supplements with vitamin D.jpg|thumb|500-milligram calcium supplements made from calcium carbonate]]
Calcium carbonate is widely used medicinally as an inexpensive dietary calcium supplement or  [[antacid|gastric antacid]]<ref name = medline>{{cite web|website = Medline Plus|publisher = [[National Institutes of Health]]|title = Calcium Carbonate |date=1 October 2005|access-date = 30 December 2007|url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a601032.html |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071017031324/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a601032.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive --> |archive-date = 17 October 2007}}</ref> (such as [[Tums]] and [[Eno (drug)|Eno]]). It may be used as a [[phosphate binder]] for the treatment of [[hyperphosphatemia]] (primarily in patients with [[chronic kidney failure]]). It is used in the pharmaceutical industry as an inert [[Excipient|filler]] for [[Tablet (pharmacy)|tablets]] and other [[pharmaceuticals]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lieberman |first1=Herbert A. |last2=Lachman |first2=Leon |last3=Schwartz |first3=Joseph B. |title = Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms: Tablets|url=https://archive.org/details/pharmaceuticaldo03lach |url-access=limited |year = 1990|isbn = 978-0-8247-8044-9|page=[https://archive.org/details/pharmaceuticaldo03lach/page/n171 153]|publisher = Dekker|location = New York}}</ref>

Calcium carbonate is used in the production of calcium oxide as well as toothpaste and has seen a resurgence as a food preservative and color retainer, when used in or with products such as organic apples.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://chemistry.about.com/od/foodcookingchemistry/a/cadditives.htm |title=Food Additives – Names Starting with C |website=Chemistry.about.com |date=10 April 2012 |access-date=2012-05-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061016112555/http://chemistry.about.com/od/foodcookingchemistry/a/cadditives.htm |archive-date=16 October 2006}}</ref>

Calcium carbonate is used therapeutically as phosphate binder in patients on maintenance [[haemodialysis]]. It is the most common form of phosphate binder prescribed, particularly in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease. Calcium carbonate is the most commonly used phosphate binder, but clinicians are increasingly prescribing the more expensive, non-calcium-based phosphate binders, particularly [[sevelamer]].

Excess calcium from supplements, fortified food, and high-calcium diets can cause [[milk-alkali syndrome]], which has serious toxicity and can be fatal. In 1915, [[Bertram Welton Sippy|Bertram Sippy]] introduced the "Sippy regimen" of hourly ingestion of milk and cream, and the gradual addition of eggs and cooked cereal, for 10 days, combined with alkaline powders, which provided symptomatic relief for peptic ulcer disease. Over the next several decades, the Sippy regimen resulted in [[kidney failure]], [[alkalosis]], and [[hypercalcaemia]], mostly in men with peptic ulcer disease. These adverse effects were reversed when the regimen stopped, but it was fatal in some patients with protracted vomiting. Milk-alkali syndrome declined in men after effective treatments for [[peptic ulcer]] disease arose. Since the 1990s it has been most frequently reported in women taking calcium supplements above the recommended range of 1.2 to 1.5&nbsp;grams daily, for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis,<ref name="pmid17483976">{{cite journal |vauthors=Caruso JB, Patel RM, Julka K, Parish DC |title=Health-behavior induced disease: return of the milk-alkali syndrome |journal=J Gen Intern Med |volume=22 |issue=7 |pages=1053–5 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17483976 |doi=10.1007/s11606-007-0226-0 |pmc=2219730}}</ref><ref name="pmid16702792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Beall DP, Henslee HB, Webb HR, Scofield RH |title=Milk-alkali syndrome: a historical review and description of the modern version of the syndrome |journal=Am. J. Med. Sci. |volume=331 |issue=5 |pages=233–42 |date=May 2006 |pmid=16702792 |doi= 10.1097/00000441-200605000-00001|s2cid=45802184}}</ref> and is exacerbated by [[dehydration]]. Calcium has been added to over-the-counter products, which contributes to inadvertent excessive intake. Excessive calcium intake can lead to hypercalcemia, complications of which include vomiting, abdominal pain and altered mental status.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Clinical problem-solving, back to basics|last1=Gabriely|first1=Ilan|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|year=2008|volume=358|pmid=18450607|doi=10.1056/NEJMcps0706188|issue=18|last2=Leu|first2=James P.|last3=Barzel|first3=Uriel S.|pages=1952–6}}</ref>

As a [[food additive]] it is designated [[E numbers|E170]],<ref>{{cite web|website=Food-Info.net|title=E-numbers: E170 Calcium carbonate|url=http://www.food-info.net/uk/e/e170.htm|access-date=19 April 2008|archive-date=14 October 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014050719/http://www.food-info.net/uk/e/e170.htm|url-status=live}} 080419 food-info.net</ref> and it has an [[International Numbering System for Food Additives|INS]] number of 170. Used as an [[acidity regulator]], [[anticaking agent]], [[Stabilizer (food)|stabilizer]] or [[Food coloring|color]] it is approved for usage in the EU,<ref>{{cite web |publisher=UK Food Standards Agency |url=http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |title=Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers |access-date=27 October 2011 |archive-date=7 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101007124435/http://www.food.gov.uk/safereating/chemsafe/additivesbranch/enumberlist |url-status=live}}</ref> US<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm|publisher=US [[Food and Drug Administration]] |title=Listing of Food Additives Status Part I |access-date=27 October 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130314104055/https://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodIngredientsPackaging/FoodAdditives/FoodAdditiveListings/ucm091048.htm |archive-date=14 March 2013}}</ref> and [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |title=Standard 1.2.4 – Labelling of ingredients |date=8 September 2011 |access-date=27 October 2011 |publisher=Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code |archive-date=2 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130902084805/http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00827 |url-status=live}}</ref> It is "added by law to all UK milled bread flour except wholemeal".<ref name="lhbread">{{cite news |last1=Holdstock |first1=Lee |title=Why go organic? |url=https://www.sustainweb.org/realbread/why_go_organic/ |access-date=3 April 2021 |agency=Soil Association Certification Limited |publisher=Real Bread Campaign |archive-date=14 October 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221014050716/https://www.sustainweb.org/realbread/why_go_organic/ |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="defra13">{{cite news |title=Bread and Flour Regulations 1998 A summary of responses to the consultation and Government Reply |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/226553/bread-flour-sum-resp-130805.pdf |publisher=Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs |date=August 2013 |access-date=9 April 2021 |archive-date=19 September 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210919172916/https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/226553/bread-flour-sum-resp-130805.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> It is used in some [[soy milk]] and [[almond milk]] products as a source of dietary calcium; at least one study suggests that calcium carbonate might be as [[bioavailable]] as the calcium in [[cow's milk]].<ref>{{Cite journal| pmid = 16177199| year = 2005| last1 = Zhao| first1 = Y.| title = Calcium bioavailability of calcium carbonate fortified soymilk is equivalent to cow's milk in young women| journal = The Journal of Nutrition| volume = 135| issue = 10| pages = 2379–2382| last2 = Martin| first2 = B. R.| last3 = Weaver| first3 = C. M.| doi = 10.1093/jn/135.10.2379| doi-access = free}}</ref> Calcium carbonate is also used as a [[firming agent]] in many canned and bottled vegetable products.

Several calcium supplement formulations have been documented to contain the chemical element [[lead]],<ref name="Kauffman-2007">{{Cite journal|date=2007-07-01|title=Lead in pharmaceutical products and dietary supplements|url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273230007000360|journal=Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology|language=en|volume=48|issue=2|pages=128–134|doi=10.1016/j.yrtph.2007.03.001|issn=0273-2300|last1=Kauffman|first1=John F.|last2=Westenberger|first2=Benjamin J.|last3=Robertson|first3=J. David|last4=Guthrie|first4=James|last5=Jacobs|first5=Abigail|last6=Cummins|first6=Susan K.|pmid=17467129|access-date=11 July 2021|archive-date=11 July 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210711074707/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0273230007000360|url-status=live}}</ref> posing a [[public health]] concern.<ref name="ross20">{{cite journal |doi=10.1001/jama.284.11.1425|title=Lead Content of Calcium Supplements|year=2000|last1=Ross|first1=Edward A.|last2=Szabo|first2=N. J.|last3=Tebbett|first3=I. R.|journal=JAMA|volume=284|issue=11|pages=1425–1429|pmid=10989406}}</ref> Lead is commonly found in natural sources of calcium.<ref name="Kauffman-2007" />

===Agriculture and aquaculture===
[[Agricultural lime]], powdered chalk or limestone, is used as a cheap method of neutralising [[Soil pH|acidic soil]], making it suitable for planting, also used in aquaculture industry for pH regulation of pond soil before initiating culture.<ref name="Oates2008">{{cite book |first=J. A. H. |last=Oates |title=Lime and Limestone: Chemistry and Technology, Production and Uses |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MVoEMNI5Vb0C&pg=PA111 |date=11 July 2008 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=978-3-527-61201-7 |pages=111–113}}</ref> There is interest in understanding whether or not it can affect pesticide adsorption and desorption in calcareous soil.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=El-Aswad |first1=Ahmed F. |last2=Fouad |first2=Mohamed R. |last3=Badawy |first3=Mohamed E. I. |last4=Aly |first4=Maher I. |date=2023-05-31 |title=Effect of Calcium Carbonate Content on Potential Pesticide Adsorption and Desorption in Calcareous Soil |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00103624.2022.2146131 |journal=Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis |language=en |volume=54 |issue=10 |pages=1379–1387 |doi=10.1080/00103624.2022.2146131 |bibcode=2023CSSPA..54.1379E |s2cid=253559627 |issn=0010-3624 |access-date=18 August 2023 |archive-date=18 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230818130720/https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00103624.2022.2146131 |url-status=live}}</ref>

===Household cleaning===
Calcium carbonate is a key ingredient in many household cleaning powders like [[Comet (cleanser)|Comet]] and is used as a scrubbing agent.

===Pollution mitigation===
In 1989, a researcher, Ken Simmons, introduced {{chem2|CaCO3}} into the Whetstone Brook in [[Massachusetts]].<ref name="New York Times">{{cite news|agency = [[Associated Press]]|title = Limestone Dispenser Fights Acid Rain in Stream|date = 13 June 1989|url = https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/13/science/limestone-dispenser-fights-acid-rain-in-stream.html|work = The New York Times|access-date = 27 July 2018|archive-date = 28 July 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180728002911/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/13/science/limestone-dispenser-fights-acid-rain-in-stream.html|url-status = live}}</ref> His hope was that the calcium carbonate would counter the acid in the stream from acid rain and save the trout that had ceased to spawn. Although his experiment was a success, it did increase the amount of aluminium ions in the area of the brook that was not treated with the limestone. This shows that {{chem2|CaCO3}} can be added to neutralize the effects of acid rain in [[river]] ecosystems. Currently calcium carbonate is used to neutralize acidic conditions in both soil and water.<ref name=env>{{cite web|title=Environmental Uses for Calcium Carbonate|date=6 September 2012|url=http://www.congcal.com/markets/environmental/|publisher=Congcal|access-date=5 August 2013|archive-date=4 January 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140104055647/http://www.congcal.com/markets/environmental/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="Schreiber-1988">{{cite journal|last = Schreiber|first = R. K.|title = Cooperative federal-state liming research on surface waters impacted by acidic deposition|year = 1988|journal = Water, Air, & Soil Pollution|volume = 41|issue = 1|pages = 53–73|doi = 10.1007/BF00160344|bibcode = 1988WASP...41...53S|s2cid = 98404326|url = https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00160344|access-date = 28 August 2017|archive-date = 10 January 2018|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180110054856/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF00160344|url-status = live}}</ref> Since the 1970s, such ''liming'' has been practiced on a large scale in Sweden to mitigate acidification and several thousand lakes and streams are limed repeatedly.<ref name="Guhrén-2006">{{Cite journal |doi= 10.1007/s10933-006-9014-9 |title= Liming placed in a long-term perspective: A paleolimnological study of 12 lakes in the Swedish liming program |journal= Journal of Paleolimnology |volume= 37 |issue= 2 |pages= 247–258 |year= 2006 |last1= Guhrén |first1= M. |last2= Bigler |first2= C. |last3= Renberg |first3= I. |bibcode= 2007JPall..37..247G |s2cid= 129439066}}</ref>

Calcium carbonate is also used in [[flue-gas desulfurization]] applications eliminating harmful {{chem2|SO2}} and {{chem2|NO2}} emissions from coal and other fossil fuels burnt in large fossil fuel power stations.<ref name=env/>

===Plastics===
Calcium carbonate is commonly used in the plastic industry as a filler. When it is incorporated in a plastic material, it can improve the hardness, stiffness, dimensional stability and processability of the material.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://europlas.com.vn/en-US/blog-1/why-calcium-carbonate-used-in-plastic-industry |title=Why calcium carbonate used in plastic industry |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= |publisher=EuroPlas |access-date=12 July 2024 |quote=}}</ref>