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== General and cited sources == <!-- ''Spelling note: the Bulgarian letter'' '''ъ''' ''is usually transliterated 'ǎ'. However, variation in the transliteration is found in academic literature and library catalogs in the West, as well as in official Bulgarian transliterations: the alternatives are'' 'ŭ' ''and'' 'y'. ''The diacritic is often missing. The alternatives'' 'ŭ' ''and'' 'y' ''can be observed below in the spellings of the common first name, Dimitǎr which have become bibliographically established for particular authors.'' --> *{{cite book |last= Clauson| first= Gerard|title= An Etymological dictionary of Pre-13th Century Turkish|year= 1972|isbn=}}{{ISBN?}} *{{cite book |last=Runciman |first=Steven |author-link=Steven Runciman |date=1930 |chapter=§ Appendix V – Bulgar titles |title=A history of the First Bulgarian Empire |chapter-url=http://macedonia.kroraina.com/en/sr/sr_app5.htm |publisher=[[George Bell & Sons]] |place=London }} *{{citation |last=Maenchen-Helfen |first=Otto John |author-link=Otto J. Maenchen-Helfen |date=1973 |title=The World of the Huns: Studies in Their History and Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CrUdgzSICxcC |publisher=University of California Press |isbn=9780520015968 }} *{{cite book |last=Tokarev |first=Sergei A. |author-link=Sergei Aleksandrovich Tokarev |date=1980 |title=Mify narodov mira |trans-title=Myths of the world's peoples |language=ru |publisher=Sovetskaya Entsiklopediya |place=Moscow |volume=2}} *{{cite book |last=Shnirelʹman |first=Viktor A. |date=1987 |chapter=The Rivalry for the Bulgar legacy |title=Who Gets the Past?: Competition for Ancestors Among Non-Russian Intellectuals in Russia |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4iwHp8amsdEC |publisher=Woodrow Wilson Center Press |isbn=9780801852213 |ref={{harvid|Shnirelʹman1996}}}} *{{cite book |last=Fine |first=John V. Antwerp |author-link=John Van Antwerp Fine Jr. |title=The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y0NBxG9Id58C |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=1991 |isbn=9780472081493 }} *{{cite book |last=Golden |first=Peter Benjamin |author-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |date=1992 |title=An introduction to the History of the Turkic peoples: ethnogenesis and state formation in medieval and early modern Eurasia and the Middle East |url=https://www.academia.edu/12545004 |publisher=[[Harrassowitz Verlag|Otto Harrassowitz]] |place=[[Wiesbaden]] |isbn=9783447032742 }} *{{cite book |last1=Olson |first1=James S. |author-link=James S. Olson |last2=Pappas |first2=Lee Brigance |last3=Pappas |first3=Nicholas Charles |date=1994 |title=An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CquTz6ps5YgC |publisher=[[Greenwood Publishing Group]] |isbn=9780313274978 |ref={{harvid|Olson, Pappas, Pappas1994}}}} *{{cite book |last1=Bowersock |first1=Glen |author-link1=Glen Bowersock |last2=Brown |first2=Peter |author-link2=Peter Brown (historian) |last3=Grabar |first3=Oleg |author-link3=Oleg Grabar |date=1999 |title=Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World |url=https://archive.org/details/lateantiquitygui00bowe |url-access=registration |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=9780674511736 |ref={{harvid|Bowersock, Brown, Grabar1999}}}} *{{cite book |last=Croke |first=Brian |date=2001 |title=Count Marcellinus and His Chronicle |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ep6U-meRt00C |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780198150015 }} *{{cite book |last=Karatay |first=Osman |date=2003 |title=In Search of the Lost Tribe: The Origins and Making of the Croatian Nation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=h_Qu1ywX0-wC |publisher=Ayse Demiral |isbn=9789756467077 }} *{{cite book |last=Vásáry |first=István |date=2005 |title=Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7DJWyg97IggC |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9781139444088 }} *{{cite book |last=Curta |first=Florin |author-link=Florin Curta |date=2006 |title=Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500–1250 |url=https://archive.org/details/southeasterneuro0000curt |url-access=registration |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=9780521815390 }} *{{cite book |last1=Waldman |first1=Carl |last2=Mason |first2=Catherine |date=2006 |title=Encyclopedia of European Peoples |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kfv6HKXErqAC |publisher=Infobase Publishing |isbn=9781438129181 |ref={{harvid|Waldman, Mason2006}}}} *{{cite book |last=Brook |first=Kevin Alan |date=2006 |title=The Jews of Khazaria |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hEuIveNl9kcC |publisher=[[Rowman & Littlefield|Rowman & Littlefield Publishers]] |isbn=1442203021 }} *{{cite book |first=Kiril |last=Petkov |date=2008 |title=The Voices of Medieval Bulgaria, Seventh-Fifteenth Century: The Records of a Bygone Culture |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tjPEtxSOuYgC |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004168312 }} *{{cite book |last=Fiedler |first=Uwe |chapter=Bulgars in the Lower Danube region: A survey of the archaeological evidence and of the state of current research |title=The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_-G1L-9Zec0C |editor-last1=Curta |editor-first1=Florin |editor-link1=Florin Curta |editor-last2=Kovalev |editor-first2=Roman |date=2008 |publisher=Brill |pages=151–236 |isbn=9789004163898 }} *{{Cite book |last=Sophoulis |first=Panos |date=2011 |title=Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775–831 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=EbIyAQAAQBAJ |publisher=Brill |isbn=9789004206960 |access-date=2015-05-14 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150518083412/https://books.google.hr/books?id=EbIyAQAAQBAJ |archive-date=2015-05-18 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |last=Sedlar |first=Jean W. |date=2011 |title=East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ANdbpi1WAIQC |publisher=University of Washington Press |isbn=9780295800646 }} *{{cite book |last=Golden |first=Peter B. |author-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |date=2011 |title=Studies on the Peoples and Cultures of the Eurasian Steppes |url=https://www.academia.edu/9609971 |publisher=Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei |isbn=9789732721520 }} *{{cite book |last=Chen |first=Sanping |date=2012 |title=Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ugbWH-5OjegC |publisher=University of Pennsylvania Press |isbn=978-0812206289 }} *{{citation |last=Golden |first=Peter B. |author-link=Peter Benjamin Golden |title=Oq and Oğur~Oğuz* |publisher=Turkish and Middle Eastern Studies, Rutgers University |year=2012 |url=http://www.enu.kz/repository/repository2014/oq-and-ogur.pdf |access-date=2015-04-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419023615/http://www.enu.kz/repository/repository2014/oq-and-ogur.pdf |archive-date=2015-04-19 |url-status=dead }} *{{cite book |last=Curta |first=Florin |author-link=Florin Curta |chapter=Avar Blitzkrieg, Slavic and Bulgar raiders, and Roman special ops: mobile warriors in the 6th-century Balkans |title=Eurasia in the Middle Ages. Studies in Honour of Peter B. Golden |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/12138833 |editor1=Zimonyi István |editor2=Osman Karatay |date=2015 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz |place=Wiesbaden |pages=69–89 }} *{{cite journal |pages=941–647 |doi=10.1098/rspb.2004.2698 |title=Unravelling migrations in the steppe: Mitochondrial DNA sequences from ancient Central Asians |pmc=1691686 |year=2004 |last1=Lalueza-Fox |first1=C. |last2=Sampietro |first2=M. L. |last3=Gilbert |first3=M. T. P. |last4=Castri |first4=L. |last5=Facchini |first5=F. |last6=Pettener |first6=D. |last7=Bertranpetit |first7=J. |journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences |volume=271 |issue=1542 |pmid=15255049 |ref={{harvid|Lalueza-Fox, et al.2004}}}} *{{cite journal |doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0056779 |pmc=3590186 |title=Y-Chromosome Diversity in Modern Bulgarians: New Clues about Their Ancestry |year=2015 |last1=Karachanak |first1=S. |last2=Grugni |first2=V. |last3=Fornarino |first3=S. |last4=Nesheva |first4=D. |last5=Al-Zahery |first5=N. |last6=Battaglia |first6=V. |last7=Carrosa |first7=C. |last8=Yordanov |first8=Y. |last9=Torroni |first9=A. |last10=Galabov |first10=A. |last11=Toncheva |first11=D. |last12=Semino |first12=O. |journal=PLOS ONE |volume=8 |issue=3 |ref={{harvid|Karachanak, et al.2013}} |pmid=23483890 |pages=e56779|bibcode=2013PLoSO...856779K |doi-access=free }} *{{cite book|last= Zimonyi|first= István|title= The Origins of the Volga Bulghars|series= Studia Uralo-Altaica, 32|editor= Klára Szõnyi-Sándor|year= 1990}}
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