Editing Brownsville, Texas (section)

==Demographics==
{{US Census population
|1850= 2734
|1860= 2734
|1870= 4905
|1880= 4938
|1890= 6134
|1900= 6305
|1910= 10517
|1920= 11791
|1930= 22021
|1940= 22083
|1950= 35086
|1960= 48040
|1970= 52522
|1980= 84997
|1990= 98962
|2000= 139722
|2010= 175023
|2020= 186738
|align-fn=center
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census<ref name="DecennialCensus">{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade.html|title=Decennial Census by Decade|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]|access-date=}}</ref><br> 1850–1900<ref name=1900CensusTX>{{Cite web|title= 1900 Census of Population - Population of Texas By Counties And Minor Civil Divisions |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1900/bulletins/demographic/49-population-tx.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1910<ref name=1910CensusTX>{{Cite web|title= 1910 Census of Population - Supplement for Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1910/abstract/supplement-tx-p1.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1920<ref name=1920CensusTX>{{Cite web|title= 1920 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1920/bulletins/demographics/population-tx-number-of-inhabitants.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1930<ref name=1930CensusTX>{{Cite web|title= 1930 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1930/population-volume-1/03815512v1ch10.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1940<ref name=1940CensusTX>{{Cite web|title= 1940 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1940/population-volume-1/33973538v1ch09.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br>
1950<ref name=1950CensusTX>{{Cite web|title= 1950 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1950/population-volume-1/vol-01-46.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1960<ref name=1960CensusTX>{{Cite web|title= 1960 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1960/population-volume-1/33255142v1p45ch02.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1970<ref name=1970CensusTX>{{Cite web|title= 1970 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/00496492v1p45s1ch02.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 1980<ref name=1980CensusTX>{{Cite web|title= 1980 Census of Population - Number of Inhabitants - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1980/volume-1/texas/1980a_txab-01.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 1990<ref name=1990CensusTX>{{Cite web|title=1990 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/1990/cph-2/cph-2-45.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref> 2000<ref name=2000CensusTX>{{Cite web|title=2000 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/2003/dec/phc-3-45.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref><br> 2010<ref name=2010CensusTX>{{Cite web|title=2010 Census of Population - Population and Housing Unit Counts - Texas |url=https://www2.census.gov/library/publications/decennial/2010/cph-2/cph-2-45.pdf|website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
}}

Brownsville is the 18th-most populous city in Texas. It ranks as one of the top U.S. cities in terms of the percentage of Hispanic residents.<ref>{{cite web |title=Mapping the Latino Population, By State, County and City |url=http://www.culturemarketingcouncil.org/Portals/0/Research/The%20Hispanic%20Consumer/Demographics/Pew%20Hispanic%20Center%20Mapping%20the%20Latino%20Population,%20By%20State,%20County%20and%20City%20August%2029,%202013.pdf |website=[[Pew Research Center]] |access-date=January 2, 2019 |date=August 29, 2013 |archive-date=January 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102143110/http://www.culturemarketingcouncil.org/Portals/0/Research/The%20Hispanic%20Consumer/Demographics/Pew%20Hispanic%20Center%20Mapping%20the%20Latino%20Population,%20By%20State,%20County%20and%20City%20August%2029,%202013.pdf |url-status=live}}</ref> According to the [[Pew Research Center]], its metropolitan area holds the 26th-largest Hispanic population with roughly 373,000 (88.7%) sharing this distinction. Of that percentage, 96.7% are Mexican and 0.8% are Puerto Rican.<ref>{{cite web |title=Top 60 metropolitan areas, by Hispanic population |url=http://www.pewhispanic.org/interactives/hispanic-population-in-select-u-s-metropolitan-areas/ |website=Pew Research Center |access-date=January 2, 2019 |archive-date=January 10, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110030240/http://www.pewhispanic.org/interactives/hispanic-population-in-select-u-s-metropolitan-areas/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

===2020 census===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+'''Brownsville city, Texas – Racial and ethnic composition'''<br><small>{{nobold|''Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.''}}</small>
!Race / Ethnicity <small>(''NH = Non-Hispanic'')</small>
!Pop 2000<ref name=2000CensusP004>{{Cite web|title=P004: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Brownsville city, Texas |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4810768&tid=DECENNIALSF12000.P004|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref>
!Pop 2010<ref name=2010CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Brownsville city, Texas |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4810768&tid=DECENNIALPL2010.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref>
!{{partial|Pop 2020}}<ref name=2020CensusP2>{{Cite web|title=P2: Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Brownsville city, Texas |url=https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?q=p2&g=160XX00US4810768&tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2|publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |access-date=}}</ref>
!% 2000
!% 2010
!{{partial|% 2020}}
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino whites|White]] alone (NH)
|10,826
|10,027
|style='background: #ffffe6; |8,968
|7.75%
|5.73%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |4.80%
|-
|[[Non-Hispanic or Latino African Americans|Black or African American]] alone (NH)
|276
|332
|style='background: #ffffe6; |414
|0.20%
|0.19%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.22%
|-
|[[Native Americans in the United States|Native American]] or [[Alaska Native]] alone (NH)
|77
|120
|style='background: #ffffe6; |85
|0.06%
|0.07%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.05%
|-
|[[Asian Americans|Asian]] alone (NH)
|710
|1,091
|style='background: #ffffe6; |1,057
|0.51%
|0.62%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.57%
|-
|[[Pacific Islander Americans|Pacific Islander]] alone (NH)
|9
|24
|style='background: #ffffe6; |24
|0.01%
|0.01%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.01%
|-
|Some Other Race alone (NH)
|36
|72
|style='background: #ffffe6; |336
|0.03%
|0.04%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.18%
|-
|[[Multiracial Americans|Mixed race or Multiracial]] (NH)
|253
|248
|style='background: #ffffe6; |544
|0.18%
|0.14%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |0.29%
|-
|[[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic or Latino]] (any race)
|127,535
|163,109
|style='background: #ffffe6; |175,310
|91.28%
|93.19%
|style='background: #ffffe6; |93.88%
|-
|'''Total'''
|'''139,722'''
|'''175,023'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''186,738'''
|'''100.00%'''
|'''100.00%'''
|style='background: #ffffe6; |'''100.00%'''
|}

As of the [[2020 United States census]], there were 186,738 people, 53,506 households, and 42,240 families residing in the city.

The ancestry of Brownsville was 0.9% [[German Americans|German]], 0.6% [[English Americans|English]], 0.5 [[Irish Americans|Irish]], 0.4% [[French Americans|French]], 0.4% [[Italian Americans|Italian]], and 0.2% [[Dutch Americans|Dutch]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/table?g=160XX00US4810768&tid=ACSDP5Y2021.DP02 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

The median age was 29.9 years old. A total of 12.0% of the population was 65 or older, with 7.1% between the ages of 65 and 74, 3.3% between the ages of 75 and 84, and 1.6% 85 or older. A total of 25.9% of the population were foreign born, with 35.7% of those being US citizens, and 64.3% of those were not US citizens.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=Explore Census Data |url=https://data.census.gov/profile/Brownsville_city;_Texas?g=160XX00US4810768 |access-date=June 5, 2023 |website=data.census.gov}}</ref>

The median household income was $47,435, with families having $50,127, married couples having $59,604, and non-families had $18,322. A total of 22.0% of the population were in poverty, with 36.4% of people under 18, 21.2% of people between the ages of 18 and 64, and 28.2% of people 65 or older were in poverty.<ref name=":0" />

===2010 census===
As of the [[census]]<ref name="GR2"/> of 2010,<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web|url=http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4810768|title=Geographic Identifiers: 2010 Census Summary File 1 (G001): Brownsville city, Texas|publisher=U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder|access-date=July 8, 2015|archive-url=https://archive.today/20200213042254/http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/G001/1600000US4810768|archive-date=February 13, 2020|url-status=dead}}</ref> 175,023 people, 49,871 households, and 41,047 families were residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,207.1 people/sq mi (466.0/km<sup>2</sup>). The 53,936 housing units averaged 372.0/sq mi (143.6/km<sup>2</sup>). The [[Race (U.S. Census)|racial makeup]] of the city was 88% White, 0.4% African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.7% Asian, 9.1% from other races, and 1.5% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 93.2% of the population.<ref>{{cite web |title=U.S. Census website |url=https://www.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |access-date=January 3, 2019 |archive-date=December 27, 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/ |url-status=live}}</ref>

Of the 38,174 households, 50.1% had children under 18 living with them, 59.3% were married couples living together, 20.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 15.7% were not families. About 13.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.7% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 3.62, and the average family size was 3.99.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

In the city, the age distribution was 34.6% under 18, 11.2% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 17.2% from 45 to 64, and 9.5% who were 65 or older. The median age was 28 years. For every 100 females, there were 89.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.5 males.<ref name="Census 2010"/>

===Income and employment===
Despite a fast-growing economy, Brownsville has one of the highest poverty rates in the nation. The median income for a household in the city was $24,468, and the median income for a family was $26,186. Males had a median income of $21,739 versus $17,116 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city is $9,762. It is frequently cited as having the highest percentage of residents in the nation below the [[federal poverty level]]. About 31.6% of families and 35.7% of the population were below the federal [[poverty line]], including 48.4% of those under 18 and 31.5% of those 65 or over.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov|title=Selected Economic Characteristics: 2010–2014 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates|publisher=[[United States Census]]|access-date=June 13, 2016|archive-date=December 27, 1996|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/19961227012639/https://www.census.gov/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=In America's Poorest City, a Housing Breakthrough – CityLab|newspaper=Bloomberg.com |date=October 2014 |url=http://www.citylab.com/housing/2014/10/in-americas-poorest-city-a-housing-breakthrough/380912|access-date=May 30, 2015|archive-date=May 16, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150516015755/http://www.citylab.com/housing/2014/10/in-americas-poorest-city-a-housing-breakthrough/380912/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Based on data collected from the [[United States Census Bureau]]'s American Community Survey, the Brownsville metropolitan area ranked as the second-poorest urban area in the country, behind the [[McAllen–Edinburg–Mission metropolitan area|McAllen metropolitan area]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Cohen |first1=Jason |title=Rio Grande Valley Tops List of "America's Poorest Cities" |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/rio-grande-valley-tops-list-of-americas-poorest-cities/ |access-date=January 3, 2019 |work=Texas Monthly |date=January 21, 2013 |archive-date=January 3, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190103004745/https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/rio-grande-valley-tops-list-of-americas-poorest-cities/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 2017, the city's unemployment rate was 6.2% with 18.1% adults holding a [[bachelor's degree]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Stebbins |first1=Samuel |title=America's Poorest Cities |url=https://247wallst.com/special-report/2018/09/14/americas-poorest-cities-4/10/ |access-date=January 3, 2019 |publisher=24/7 Wall St. |date=September 14, 2018 |archive-date=January 2, 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190102193356/https://247wallst.com/special-report/2018/09/14/americas-poorest-cities-4/10/ |url-status=live}}</ref> It reported a 5.8% jobless rate the following year.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Kelley |first1=Rick |title=Texas sets record low jobless rate, but Valley higher |url=https://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/texas-sets-record-low-jobless-rate-but-valley-higher/article_d734c1f4-d530-5461-be0a-d07262783815.html |access-date=January 3, 2019 |work=The Brownsville Herald |date=March 9, 2018 |archive-date=March 10, 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180310002117/http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/texas-sets-record-low-jobless-rate-but-valley-higher/article_d734c1f4-d530-5461-be0a-d07262783815.html |url-status=live}}</ref> Despite high unemployment rates, the urban area is also one of the fastest growing in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/article_275baf74-4e39-59ad-9f80-038f8b1246d3.html|title=Brownsville-McAllen fastest growing cities in Texas|first=Gilberto|last=Salinas|work=The Brownsville Herald|date=July 2, 2005|access-date=June 12, 2016|archive-date=July 18, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180718111002/https://www.brownsvilleherald.com/news/local/article_275baf74-4e39-59ad-9f80-038f8b1246d3.html|url-status=live}}</ref>