Editing Bono (section)

==Business ventures==
[[File:Bono U2 360 Tour 2011.jpg|thumb|right|Bono performing with U2 in 2011]]
In 1992, Bono, along with the Edge, bought and refurbished Dublin's two-star 70-bedroom [[Clarence Hotel]], and converted it into a five-star 49-bedroom hotel.<ref name=ClarenceHotel>The Clarence Hotel. (Unknown last update). [http://www.theclarence.ie/dublin_hotel ''At the Clarence''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070705234423/http://theclarence.ie/dublin_hotel |date=5 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007.</ref> In 2019, they sold the hotel leasehold,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.independent.ie/life/travel/reviews/hotel-reviews/the-clarence-hotel-review-a-beautiful-day-for-revamped-u2-hotel-42354847.html|title=The Clarence hotel review - a beautiful day for revamped U2 hotel|website=[[Irish Independent]]|first=Nicola|last=Brady|date=25 February 2023|access-date=25 February 2023}}</ref> and four years later, they sold the property.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.businesspost.ie/news/bono-and-edge-sell-their-stake-in-dublins-clarence-hotel-after-30-years/|title=Bono and Edge sell their stake in Dublin's Clarence Hotel after 30 years|website=[[Business Post]]|first=Daniel|last=McConnell|date=19 October 2023|access-date=31 March 2023}}</ref> Bono and McKillen are also co-owners of Clós Nua Ltd., a company that owns the Tramyard site in Dalkey and plans to redevelop it.<ref name="Tramway_obj">{{Cite news |date=23 September 2022 |title=Company part-owned by Bono objects to Dalkey apartment scheme |url=https://www.breakingnews.ie/ireland/company-parted-owned-by-bono-objects-to-dalkey-apartment-scheme-1367807.html |access-date=7 September 2023 |work=BreakingNews.ie |language=en}}</ref>

In 2005, Bono, Ali Hewson, and designer Rogan Gregory co-founded the [[EDUN]] fashion label ("nude" spelled backwards, to suggest both "natural" and the [[Garden of Eden]]).<ref name="ii-eden">{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.ie/unsorted/features/alis-other-eden-465270.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217210036/http://www.independent.ie/unsorted/features/alis-other-eden-465270.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=17 February 2013 |title=Ali's other Eden |first=John |last=Masterson |newspaper=[[Irish Independent]] |location=Dublin |date=6 March 2005 }}</ref> It was intended to help bring about positive change in Africa through a [[fair trade]]-based relationship rather than by direct aid.<ref name="heyoka">{{cite news |url=http://heyokamagazine.com/HEYOKA.4.Fashion.htm | title=Fashion with a Conscience | magazine=[[Heyoka (magazine)|Heyoka]] | date=Spring 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060617072741/http://heyokamagazine.com/HEYOKA.4.Fashion.htm | archive-date=17 June 2006}}</ref><ref name=EDUN>{{cite web|title=About Edun |access-date=24 March 2007 |url=http://www.edun.ie/about.asp |publisher=[[EDUN]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070329013300/http://www.edun.ie/about.asp |archive-date=29 March 2007 }}</ref>

Bono was a board member of the [[Elevation Partners]] private-equity firm, which attempted to purchase [[Eidos Interactive]] in 2005 and subsequently invested in other entertainment businesses.<ref name=EPPDF>Elevation Partners. (2007). [http://www.elevation.com/images/Elevation_Partners_Intro.pdf ''Introduction to Elevation Partners''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703030346/http://www.elevation.com/images/Elevation_Partners_Intro.pdf |date=3 July 2007 }}. Retrieved 4 July 2007.</ref><ref name=gi>Fahey, R. (22 April 2005). [http://www.gamesindustry.biz/content_page.php?aid=8195 Elevation Partners withdraws its offer for Eidos]. ''gi''. Retrieved 4 July 2007.</ref> Bono was an investor in the Forbes Media group in the U.S. through Elevation Partners; his firm took a minority stake in Forbes Media, which encompassed the 89-year-old business that includes ''[[Forbes]]'' magazine, the Forbes.com website, and other assets. The terms of the deal were not disclosed, but reports said the stake was worth about €194&nbsp;million ($250 million).<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.rte.ie/arts/2006/0809/bono.html|title=Bono consortium buys a stake in Forbes&nbsp;– RTÉ Ten|date=22 September 2014|publisher=Rte.ie|access-date=22 September 2014|archive-date=25 August 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090825203620/http://www.rte.ie/arts/2006/0809/bono.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last=Carr |first=David |date=7 August 2006 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/07/business/media/07carr.html |title=Investors, Including Bono, Buy a Piece of Forbes |newspaper=The New York Times |access-date=13 February 2011}}</ref><ref>Nussbaum, Bruce. (7 August 2006) [https://web.archive.org/web/20060809233845/http://www.businessweek.com/innovate/NussbaumOnDesign/archives/2006/08/bono_buys_into.html Bono Buys Into Forbes, Launches Product Red in US and Expands His Brand.] BusinessWeek. Retrieved 13 February 2011.</ref> Elevation Partners also owned a 1.5 per cent stake in social networking site [[Facebook]], originally purchased for $210 million.<ref name="Billboard.biz"/> Although it was reported that Bono's stake was valued at approximately US$1&nbsp;billion in February 2012,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/bono-becomes-worlds-richest-pop-6349790|title=Bono become world's richest pop star with '£1 billion' fortune|last=Deegan|first=Gordon|date=30 August 2015|work=mirror|access-date=11 March 2017}}</ref><ref name=NZH>{{cite news|title=$1&nbsp;billion Facebook fortune for Bono|url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=10783339|access-date=12 February 2012|newspaper=New Zealand Herald|date=4 February 2012}}</ref> a 2015 article in ''Forbes'' stated that this estimate was based on an incorrect attribution of shares.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/natalierobehmed/2015/09/01/why-u2s-bono-isnt-a-billionaire/|title=Why U2's Bono Isn't A Billionaire|last=Robehmed|first=Natalie|work=Forbes|access-date=11 March 2017}}</ref>

In 2016, Bono invested in and joined the board of directors of the "Rise Fund", a new $2 billion [[impact investment]] fund founded by [[TPG Capital|TPG]].<ref name="Sorkin">{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/19/business/dealbook/a-new-fund-seeks-both-financial-and-social-returns.html|title=Seeking Financial and Social Returns|newspaper=The New York Times |first=Andrew Ross|last=Sorkin|author-link=Andrew Ross Sorkin|date=20 December 2016|pages=B1, B4|access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref> Rise's investments fell across seven sectors, including agriculture, education, and healthcare, and were made into companies making "a measurable positive social and/or environmental impact".<ref name="SchultzRise">{{cite news |title=Future Returns: How TPG's Rise Fund Invests in Energy |last=Schultz |first=Abby |url=https://www.barrons.com/articles/future-returns-how-tpg-growths-rise-fund-invests-in-energy-01569953521 |work=[[Barron's (newspaper)|Barron's]] |date=1 October 2019 |access-date=16 September 2020}}</ref> In 2019, Bono and TPG announced the creation of Y Analytics, a company intended to measure the social and environmental impacts of investments.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u2s-bono-and-tpg-launch-company-to-measure-impact-investments-11548227512|title=U2's Bono and TPG Launch Company to Measure 'Impact Investments'|website=[[The Wall Street Journal]]|first=Simon|last=Clark|date=23 January 2019|access-date=26 March 2021}}</ref>

Bono was among those named in the 2017 [[Paradise Papers]] after he was identified as an investor in Nude Estates, which bought a shopping mall in Lithuania in 2007 and transferred ownership to Nude Estates 1 in Guernsey, in an apparent attempt to avoid tax. Bono welcomed the subsequent investigation by the Lithuanian tax authority, saying that transparency was necessary and he had personally campaigned for it.<ref>{{cite web| title = Paradise Papers: Bono says he welcomes investigation into offshore investment| url = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/bono-paradise-papers-u2-tax-offshore-investment-guernsey-malta-shopping-mall-statement-latest-a8044541.html | newspaper = The Independent | date = 8 November 2017 |first = Roisin | last = O'Connor | access-date = 10 May 2018}}</ref> Nude Estates paid €53,000 in taxes and fines after the investigation was completed and Bono severed ties with the company.<ref>{{cite web| title =  Lithuanian company linked to Bono fined after Paradise Papers revelations | url = https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/jan/05/lithuanian-company-linked-to-bono-fined-after-paradise-papers-revelations | newspaper = The Guardian |date =  5 January 2018 | first = Hilary | last = Osborne | access-date = 10 May 2018}}</ref>

In September 2019, Bono joined the board of directors of [[Zipline (drone delivery)|Zipline]].<ref>{{cite web| title = Bono joins the board of medical drone delivery company Zipline| url = https://www.fastcompany.com/90402575/bono-is-really-into-drones-now-but-its-good| access-date = 13 September 2019| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190913023439/https://www.fastcompany.com/90402575/bono-is-really-into-drones-now-but-its-good| archive-date = 13 September 2019| url-status = dead}}</ref>