Editing Bochum (section)

===Architecture===
[[File:Bochum 070608 095 00.jpg|thumb|City Hall]]
[[File:Altes Brauhaus Bochum.JPG|thumb|Altes Brauhaus]]
* '''Bochum City Hall''' was built from 1927 to 1931 and was designed by architect Karl Roth as a modern office building, but in the Renaissance style, reflecting the industrial era's middle class, inventions and discoveries. There were statues of bronze and stone, and in the city council chambers, a bell tower. The ornate décor gave the Nazis an excuse to hound the then-mayor, who was of Jewish descent, driving him to suicide in 1933.{{citation needed|date=June 2019}} Most of the bronze statues were melted down for the war effort and the stone carvings were damaged by the war, save for some small lion's heads over the entrance. Also left undamaged are two themed courtyard fountains made by August Vogel, the "Fountain of Beauty" and the "Fountain of Happiness", as well as Augusto Vasaris' florentine main entrance, which displays the motto, ''In Labore Honos'' (In labour lies honour). In 1951, a set of 28 chimes was installed, manufactured in Bochum. Known for their clarity of tone, they are the first cast steel chimes in the world.<ref>[http://www.oktober.de/rundgang/rathaus.html City Hall] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823070216/http://www.oktober.de/rundgang/rathaus.html |date=2010-08-23 }} "Historischer Rundgang Bochum – Rathaus". Accessed 4 March 2010 {{in lang|de}}</ref> In front of the city hall is a large bell that was made by the Bochum "Verein für Bergbau und Gusstahlfabrikation AG" (Association for Mining and Cast Steel Manufacturing). Displayed at the 1867 Paris World's Fair, it has a diameter of {{convert|3.13|m}} and weighs {{convert|15|tonnes}}. It was damaged during World War II and can no longer be rung.
* '''Altes Brauhaus Rietkötter''', the Old Rietkötter Brewing House is one of the oldest houses in Bochum, dating from 1630. Originally a private home, it became a brewery in 1777. After nearly being torn down after the war, it now has preservation status and today houses a restaurant, where they still brew their own beer.<ref>[http://www.altes-brauhaus-rietkoetter.de/html/historie.html Altes Brauhaus Rietkötter] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090819103221/http://www.altes-brauhaus-rietkoetter.de/html/historie.html |date=2009-08-19 }} Official website. Accessed 4 March 2010</ref>
* The '''Kaufhaus Kortum''' department store dates from 1913 and was built as one of the nearly 20 regional stores owned by Alsberg Bros. (Gebr. Alsberg, AG) of Cologne. During the Nazi era, these stores were taken away from their Jewish owners and put into non-Jewish hands. Today, the "Kaufhaus Kortum" building has preservation status and houses an electronics store.
* The '''Friedrich Lueg Haus''' was built in 1924–1925 as the first high-rise building in Bochum. Contracted by the Lueg Company, the seven-story building was designed by the architect Emil Pohle. It suffered a fire during a bombing raid in 1944 and was renovated after the war. Today, the upper floors are small offices and internet companies. The seven-theatre Bochum Union Cinema rents the ground floor, showing a variety of domestic and international films.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Union Filmtheater: Home|url=https://www.kino-bochum.de/|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.kino-bochum.de|language=de}}</ref>
* '''Mutter Wittig''' is a baroque-style building in the town centre, originally opened as a bakery and inn in 1870. Damaged in World War II, its façade is protected by preservation status. It houses a restaurant and its windows are decorated with displays of old Bochum.<ref>[http://www.oktober.de/rundgang/mutter_wittig.html "Mutter Wittig"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100823065828/http://www.oktober.de/rundgang/mutter_wittig.html |date=2010-08-23 }} "Historischer Rundgang Bochum – Mutter Wittig". Accessed 4 March 2010 {{in lang|de}}</ref>
* '''Sparkasse Bochum''' (Bochum Savings Bank) is a town landmark designed by the architect [[Wilhelm Kreis]]. It opened in 1928 and was emblematic of the modern era. It was heavily damaged during the war, but was afterwards restored to its former appearance.
* The '''Schlegel Tower''' is the only remaining structure of the once-important Schlegel brewery, which closed in 1980.
* The '''Jahrhunderthalle''' (Hall of the Century) is the former gas and power station of a steel mill built at the turn of the 20th century. With the closing of the mill, the plant was renovated and turned into a three-hall concert and event site with an industrial ambiance.<ref>[http://www.ruhr-tourismus.de/en/bochum/jahrhunderthalle-bochum.html Ruhr Tourism website] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616081658/http://www.ruhr-tourismus.de/en/bochum/jahrhunderthalle-bochum.html |date=2010-06-16 }} "Jahrhunderthalle". Accessed 4 March 2010</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=IndustrieDenkmal. KulturKathedrale. ReiseZiel. Jahrhunderthalle Bochum.|url=https://www.jahrhunderthalle-bochum.de/|access-date=2023-01-01|website=Jahrhunderthalle Bochum|language=de-DE}}</ref>
* '''Dahlhauser Heide''' is an example of social welfare provided by wealthy German industrialists for their workers. Built in the early 1900s by the [[Krupp]] family for their coal mine workers, the modest and tastefully designed two-family houses were to enable self-sufficiency by providing gardens and a stall for a pig or a goat, "the miner's cow". The estate, which has the appearance of a small, rural town, gained preservation status in the 1970s.<ref>Eugene C. McCreary. "Social Welfare and Business: The Krupp Welfare Program, 1860–1914". ''The Business History Review'', Vol. 42, No. 1 (Spring, 1968), pp. 24–49</ref><ref>{{Cite web|last=Jaquet|first=Pierre|title=Bergarbeitersiedlung Dahlhauser Heide|url=https://www.ruhr-guide.de/freizeit/industriekultur/bergarbeitersiedlung-dahlhauser-heide/36,0,0.html|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.ruhr-guide.de|date=19 October 2007 |language=de}}</ref>
* '''[[Burg Blankenstein|Blankenstein Castle]]''' was built in the 13th century by Count [[Adolf I of the Mark]]. Though located in [[Hattingen]], it is owned by Bochum and has a significant history. On 8 June 1321, Count [[Engelbert II of the Mark]] granted Bochum its town charter there. Today, only the gate and one tower remain.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jaquet|first=Pierre|title=Burg Blankenstein|url=https://www.ruhr-guide.de/freizeit/burgen-und-schloesser/burg-blankenstein/9672,0,0.html|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.ruhr-guide.de|date=22 October 2021 |language=de}}</ref>
* '''Haus Kemnade''' is a moated castle. Though located in the town of [[Hattingen]], the castle is property of the city of Bochum in 1921. Documents regarding its earliest dates of construction have been lost; it is first mentioned in 1393. Parts of the castle were built during the Renaissance and baroque periods. The castle's location on the banks of the Ruhr river was changed when the flood of 1486 receded on the opposite side, cutting the castle off from the neighbouring village. The castle remained in private hands till 1921, when it was deeded to the city of Bochum. In 1961, a museum of local history was installed, including a large collection of 16th to 20th century musical instruments. A collection of East Asian objects is also now located there, as well as a satellite of the Bochum Museum and an art exhibition space. There is also a restaurant on site. Behind the castle is a [[Fachwerk|timber-framed]] farmhouse from 1800, now a museum exhibiting farm life from the past.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jaquet|first=Pierre|title=Wasserburg Haus Kemnade|url=https://www.ruhr-guide.de/freizeit/burgen-und-schloesser/wasserburg-haus-kemnade/9393,0,0.html|access-date=2023-01-01|website=www.ruhr-guide.de|date=26 March 2015 |language=de}}</ref>
* The '''[[Exzenterhaus]]''' is a commercial office building which is the tallest building in Bochum at 90.5 metres.<ref name="skyscrapercenter">{{cite web |url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/exzenterhaus-bochum/16759 |title=Exzenterhaus Bochum |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=The Skyscraper Center |publisher=[[Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat|Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)]] |access-date=27 January 2020 }}</ref><ref name=emporis_bochum_list>{{cite web |url=https://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-buildings/city/100574/bochum-germany |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200226014817/https://www.emporis.com/statistics/tallest-buildings/city/100574/bochum-germany |url-status=usurped |archive-date=February 26, 2020 |title=Tallest buildings in Bochum |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=[[Emporis]] |publisher=Emporis GmbH |access-date=25 February 2020 }}</ref> It was constructed on top of [[World War II]] era bunker, with the more modern section of the building rising 15 storeys above the top of the bunker. The top 15 floors are split into three, five storey sections, each which cantilever up to 4.5 metres, giving the impression of twisting structure.<ref name=archello_exzenterhaus>{{cite web |url=https://archello.com/project/exzenterhaus-bochum |title=Exzenterhaus Bochum |author=<!--Not stated--> |website=Archello |access-date=25 February 2020 }}</ref><ref name="skyscrapercenter"/>

====Religious architecture====
[[File:Bochum Probsteikirche.jpg|thumb|Church founded by [[Charlemagne]]]]
[[File:Bochum-Mitte, Bermuda3eck poging1 foto7 2016-08-14 09.14.jpg|Bochum-Mitte, das Bermuda3eck|thumb]]

* '''Propsteikirche St. Peter und Paul''' is the oldest church in Bochum, built between 785 and 800 by [[Charlemagne]]. It was rebuilt in the 11th century, but was severely damaged by fire in 1517. In 1547, it was again rebuilt, this time in the late Gothic style. The 68-metre (223&nbsp;ft) high bell tower is one of the landmarks of Bochum. The interior includes a baptismal font from 1175, the reliquary shrine of St. [[Perpetua]] and her slave Felicitas, and a high altar with a crucifix from 1352.
* '''Pauluskirche''' is the main Protestant church of the city. After the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]], both Catholics and Lutherans shared the Propsteikirche, often contentiously. In 1655, the Lutherans began to build their own church with the help of donations from the [[Dutch Republic]], [[Sweden]], [[Courland]] and [[Denmark]]. The church was heavily damaged in a bombing raid on 12 June 1943 and was later rebuilt after the war. Next to the church is a monument to peace. A statue of an old woman searching for a loved one, it is also a memorial to the 4 November 1944 bombing raid on Bochum. [[Hans Ehrenberg]] served as minister here, until he was arrested and sent to [[Sachsenhausen concentration camp|Sachsenhausen]] by the Nazis.<ref>[http://www.bochum.de/C125708500379A31/vwContentByKey/W2733H35173BOLDDE "Station 12: Christuskirche"] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727104847/http://www.bochum.de/C125708500379A31/vwContentByKey/W2733H35173BOLDDE |date=2011-07-27 }} Stadt Bochum (City of Bochum), official website. Retrieved 2 April 2011 {{in lang|de}}</ref>
* The '''Christuskirche''', built in the neo-Gothic style, opened in 1879 and was among the most beautiful churches in Europe. In 1931, the room in the steeple was extended to a [[cenotaph]] for those killed in World War I. During an air raid in 1943, the church was destroyed, except for the steeple. After the war, the ruins were integrated into a new, modern structure and the steeple became a memorial dedicated to peace and understanding among nations.
* The neo-Gothic '''Marienkirche''', built between 1868 and 1872, was heavily damaged in World War II (see photo above), but was rebuilt after the war. It is now closed and scheduled for demolition. The stained glass windows have been removed and it has fallen victim to vandalism.
* '''Stiepeler Dorfkirche''' is over 1000 years old and was commemorated by a stamp in 2008. A small church consisting of one room was built by Countess Imma von [[Stiepel]]. Between 1130 and 1170, the old church was replaced by a Romanesque basilica. Today, the steeple and transept remain. Between 1150 and 1200, the interior walls and ceiling were decorated with a number of Romanesque paintings.
* The '''new synagogue''', which opened in 2007, consists of a white cube and stands in contrast to the round shape of the planetarium next door. The façade shows overall a variation on the Solomon's Seal achieved by relocated brickstones. The interior is graced with a gold-coloured canopy.