Editing Bishkek (section)

==Ecology and environment==

===Air quality===
Emissions of air pollutants in Bishkek amounted to 14,400 tons in 2010.<ref name="meteo.ktnet.kg">{{Cite web |title=Анализ загрязнения атмосферы |url=http://www.nature.kg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=11&lang=ru |access-date=21 November 2012 |publisher=Nature.kg |archive-date=9 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209054306/http://www.nature.kg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=11&lang=ru |url-status=dead }}</ref> Among all cities in Kyrgyzstan, the level of [[air pollution]] in Bishkek is the highest, occasionally exceeding maximum allowable concentrations by several times, especially in the city centre.<ref>[http://www.nature.kg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=11&lang=ru Web-site of the State Agency on Environment Protection and Forestry: Assessment of Air Pollution] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140209054306/http://www.nature.kg/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=18&Itemid=11&lang=ru |date=9 February 2014 }}. Meteo.ktnet.kg. Retrieved on 11 March 2012.</ref> For example, concentrations of [[formaldehyde]] occasionally exceed maximum allowable limits by a factor of four. The hydrogeologist Zheenbek Kulbekov identifies coal-heating mainly in informal settlements (''samozakhvat''), the exhaust from private vehicles and the lack of air circulation as the three main factors for the grave air pollution in Kyrgyzstan's capital.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Leupold |first=David |date=2023-08-09 |title=Skyrise, Smog and Seismic Menace. In the El Dorado of Bishkek's Elite Housing |journal=Europe-Asia Studies |language=en |volume=75 |issue=7 |pages=1218 |doi=10.1080/09668136.2023.2185203 |issn=0966-8136|doi-access=free }}</ref> The latter is mainly due to the haphazard construction of private multi-story buildings - in contradiction to former city plans developed up until the end of the USSR - which prompted discussion on a moratorium on the further construction of high-rise buildings.<ref name="Leupold 1194–1221">{{Cite journal |last=Leupold |first=David |date=2023-08-09 |title=Skyrise, Smog and Seismic Menace. In the El Dorado of Bishkek's Elite Housing |journal=Europe-Asia Studies |language=en |volume=75 |issue=7 |pages=1194–1221 |doi=10.1080/09668136.2023.2185203 |issn=0966-8136|doi-access=free }}</ref>

Responsibility for ambient air quality monitoring in Bishkek lies with the Kyrgyz State Agency of [[Hydrometeorology]]. There are seven air-quality monitoring stations in Bishkek, measuring levels of [[sulfur dioxide]], nitrogen oxides, formaldehyde, and [[ammonia]].<ref name="meteo.ktnet.kg" />