Editing Bioinformatics (section)

===Analysis of gene expression===
The [[gene expression|expression]] of many genes can be determined by measuring [[mRNA]] levels with multiple techniques including [[DNA microarray|microarrays]], [[expressed sequence tag|expressed cDNA sequence tag]] (EST) sequencing, [[serial analysis of gene expression]] (SAGE) tag sequencing, [[massively parallel signature sequencing]] (MPSS), [[RNA-Seq]], also known as "Whole Transcriptome Shotgun Sequencing" (WTSS), or various applications of multiplexed in-situ hybridization. All of these techniques are extremely noise-prone and/or subject to bias in the biological measurement, and a major research area in computational biology involves developing statistical tools to separate [[signal]] from [[noise]] in high-throughput gene expression studies.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Grau J, Ben-Gal I, Posch S, Grosse I | title = VOMBAT: prediction of transcription factor binding sites using variable order Bayesian trees | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = Web Server issue | pages = W529-33 | date = July 2006 | pmid = 16845064 | pmc = 1538886 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkl212 }}</ref> Such studies are often used to determine the genes implicated in a disorder: one might compare microarray data from cancerous [[epithelial]] cells to data from non-cancerous cells to determine the transcripts that are up-regulated and down-regulated in a particular population of cancer cells.

[[File:MIcroarray vs RNA-Seq.png|thumb|center|400px|MIcroarray vs RNA-Seq]]