Editing Beta blocker (section)

=== Toxicity ===
[[Glucagon]], used in the treatment of overdose,<ref name="pmid2857542">{{cite journal | vauthors = Weinstein RS, Cole S, Knaster HB, Dahlbert T | title = Beta blocker overdose with propranolol and with atenolol | journal = Annals of Emergency Medicine | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 161–163 | date = February 1985 | pmid = 2857542 | doi = 10.1016/S0196-0644(85)81081-7 }}</ref><ref name="urlToxicity, Beta-blocker: Treatment & Medication - eMedicine Emergency Medicine">{{cite web |url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/813342-treatment |title=Toxicity, Beta-blocker: Treatment & Medication – eMedicine Emergency Medicine |access-date=2009-03-06 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317113942/http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/813342-treatment |archive-date=March 17, 2009 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> increases the strength of heart contractions, increases intracellular [[Cyclic adenosine monophosphate|cAMP]], and decreases renal [[vascular resistance]]. It is, therefore, useful in patients with beta blocker cardiotoxicity.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.courses.ahc.umn.edu/pharmacy/6124/handouts/Beta%20blockers.pdf |title=Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Poisoning |author=John Gualtier |website=Courses.ahc.umn.edu |access-date=2017-03-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303210046/http://www.courses.ahc.umn.edu/pharmacy/6124/handouts/Beta%20blockers.pdf |archive-date=March 3, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref><ref>USMLE WORLD 2009 Step1, Pharmacology, Q85</ref> [[Artificial cardiac pacemaker|Cardiac pacing]] is usually reserved for patients unresponsive to [[pharmacological therapy]].

People experiencing bronchospasm due to the β<sub>2</sub> receptor-blocking effects of nonselective beta blockers may be treated with [[anticholinergic]] drugs, such as [[ipratropium]], which are safer than [[Beta-adrenergic agonist|beta agonists]] in patients with [[cardiovascular disease]]. Other antidotes for beta blocker poisoning are [[salbutamol]] and [[isoprenaline]].