Editing Anatolia (section)

==Geology==
[[File:Lake_Tuz,_Turkey_(Unsplash_O0uCm1WLnA0).jpg|thumb|Salty shores of [[Lake Tuz]]]]

Anatolia's terrain is structurally complex. A central [[massif]] composed of uplifted blocks and downfolded [[Trough (geology)|troughs]], covered by recent [[Deposit (geology)|deposits]] and giving the appearance of a plateau with rough terrain, is wedged between two folded mountain ranges that converge in the east. True lowland is confined to a few narrow coastal strips along the Aegean, Mediterranean, and the Black Sea coasts. Flat or gently sloping land is rare and largely confined to the deltas of the [[Kızıl River]], the coastal plains of [[Çukurova]] and the valley floors of the [[Gediz River]] and the [[Büyük Menderes River]] as well as some interior high plains in Anatolia, mainly around [[Lake Tuz]] (Salt Lake) and the [[Konya]] Basin (''Konya Ovasi'').

There are two mountain ranges in southern Anatolia: the [[Taurus mountains|Taurus]] and the [[Zagros]] mountains.<ref name=wiley>{{Cite book| publisher = John Wiley & Sons| isbn = 978-1118945018| last1 = Cemen| first1 = Ibrahim| last2 = Yilmaz| first2 = Yucel| title = Active Global Seismology: Neotectonics and Earthquake Potential of the Eastern Mediterranean Region| year=2017}}</ref>

===Climate===
{{Main|Climate of Turkey}}
<gallery caption="Temperatures of Anatolia" widths="180px">
File:Klima_ankara.png|[[Ankara]] (central Anatolia)
File:Klima_antalya.png|[[Antalya]] (southern Anatolia)
File:Klima_van.png|[[Van, Turkey|Van]] (eastern Anatolia)
</gallery>

Anatolia has a varied range of climates. The central plateau is characterized by a continental climate, with hot summers and cold snowy winters. The south and west coasts enjoy a typical Mediterranean climate, with mild rainy winters, and warm dry summers.<ref name=Prothero19>{{cite book|last=Prothero|first=W.G.|title=Anatolia|year=1920|publisher=H.M. Stationery Office|location=London|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/19/|access-date=6 September 2013|archive-date=2 November 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131102025925/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11766/view/1/19/|url-status=live}}</ref> The Black Sea and Marmara coasts have a temperate oceanic climate, with warm, foggy summers and much rainfall throughout the year.

===Ecoregions===
[[File:Blue_Lagoon_-_2014.10_-_panoramio.jpg|thumb|[[Mediterranean climate]] is prevalent in the [[Turkish Riviera]]]]
[[File:Central Anatolia (52397494465).jpg|thumb|Anatolia's dry central plateau]]
There is a diverse number of plant and animal communities.

The mountains and coastal plain of northern Anatolia experience a humid and mild climate. There are [[temperate broadleaf and mixed forest|temperate broadleaf, mixed]] and [[temperate coniferous forest|coniferous]] forests. The central and eastern plateau, with its drier [[continental climate]], has deciduous forests and forest steppes. Western and southern Anatolia, which have a [[Mediterranean climate]], contain [[Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub]] ecoregions.
* [[Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests]]: These temperate broadleaf and mixed forests extend across northern Anatolia, lying between the mountains of northern Anatolia and the Black Sea. They include the enclaves of [[temperate rainforest]] lying along the southeastern coast of the Black Sea in eastern Turkey and Georgia.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|id=pa0422|name=Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests|access-date=25 May 2008}}</ref>
* [[Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests]]: These forests occupy the mountains of northern Anatolia, running east and west between the coastal Euxine-Colchic forests and the drier, continental climate forests of central and eastern Anatolia.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|id=pa0515|name=Northern Anatolian conifer and deciduous forests|access-date=25 May 2008}}</ref>
* [[Central Anatolian deciduous forests]]: These forests of deciduous oaks and evergreen pines cover the plateau of central Anatolia.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|id=pa0410|name=Central Anatolian deciduous forests|access-date=25 May 2008}}</ref>
* [[Central Anatolian steppe]]: These dry grasslands cover the drier valleys and surround the saline lakes of central Anatolia, and include [[halophytic]] (salt tolerant) plant communities.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Central Anatolian steppe|access-date=25 May 2008|id=pa0803}}</ref>
[[File:Pontic Panorama.jpg|thumb|300px|A panorama of the [[Pontic Mountains]] in the [[Black Sea Region]] of northern Anatolia, Turkey]]
* [[Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests]]: This ecoregion occupies the plateau of eastern Anatolia. The drier and more continental climate is beneficial for steppe-forests dominated by deciduous oaks, with areas of shrubland, montane forest, and valley forest.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|id=pa0420|name=Eastern Anatolian deciduous forests|access-date=25 May 2008}}</ref>
* [[Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests]]: These forests occupy the western, Mediterranean-climate portion of the Anatolian plateau. Pine forests and mixed pine and oak woodlands and shrublands are predominant.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Anatolian conifer and deciduous mixed forests|access-date=25 May 2008|id=pa1202}}</ref>
* [[Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests]]: These Mediterranean-climate forests occupy the coastal lowlands and valleys of western Anatolia bordering the Aegean Sea. The ecoregion has forests of [[Turkish pine]] ''(Pinus brutia)'', oak forests and woodlands, and [[maquis shrubland]] of Turkish pine and evergreen [[sclerophyll]]ous trees and shrubs, including [[Olive]] ''(Olea europaea)'', [[Arbutus unedo|Strawberry Tree]] ''(Arbutus unedo)'', ''[[Arbutus andrachne]]'', Kermes Oak ''([[Quercus coccifera]])'', and [[Bay Laurel]] ''(Laurus nobilis)''.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Aegean and Western Turkey sclerophyllous and mixed forests|access-date=25 May 2008|id=pa1201}}</ref>
* [[Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests]]: These mountain forests occupy the Mediterranean-climate [[Taurus Mountains]] of southern Anatolia. Conifer forests are predominant, chiefly Anatolian black pine ''([[Pinus nigra]])'', Cedar of Lebanon ''([[Cedrus libani]])'', Taurus fir ''([[Abies cilicica]])'', and [[juniper]] ''([[Juniperus foetidissima]]'' and ''[[Juniperus excelsa|J. excelsa]])''. Broadleaf trees include oaks, [[hornbeam]], and [[maple]]s.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|name=Southern Anatolian montane conifer and deciduous forests|access-date=25 May 2008|id=pa1220}}</ref>
* [[Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests]]: This ecoregion occupies the coastal strip of southern Anatolia between the Taurus Mountains and the Mediterranean Sea. Plant communities include broadleaf sclerophyllous maquis shrublands, forests of Aleppo Pine ''(''Pinus halepensis'')'' and Turkish Pine ''(Pinus brutia)'', and dry oak ''(Quercus'' spp.) woodlands and steppes.<ref>{{WWF ecoregion|id=pa1207|name=Eastern Mediterranean conifer-sclerophyllous-broadleaf forests|access-date=25 May 2008}}</ref>