Editing Amiga (section)

=== Other peripherals and expansions ===
[[File:Amiga Sound Sampling Hardware.jpg|thumb|upright|8-bit sound sampling hardware for the Amiga]]

The Amiga was one of the first computers for which inexpensive sound sampling and video digitization accessories were available. As a result of this and the Amiga's audio and video capabilities, the Amiga became a popular system for editing and producing both music and video.

Many expansion boards were produced for Amiga computers to improve the performance and capability of the hardware, such as memory expansions, [[SCSI]] controllers, CPU boards, and graphics boards. Other upgrades include [[genlock]]s, network cards for [[Ethernet]], [[modem]]s, [[sound card]]s and samplers, [[Video capture|video digitizers]], extra [[serial port]]s, and [[Parallel ATA|IDE]] controllers. Additions after the demise of Commodore company are [[USB]] cards. The most popular upgrades were memory, SCSI controllers and CPU accelerator cards. These were sometimes combined into one device.

Early CPU accelerator cards used the full 32-bit CPUs of the 68000 family such as the [[Motorola 68020]] and [[Motorola 68030]], almost always with 32-bit memory and usually with [[Floating-point unit|FPUs]] and [[Memory management unit|MMUs]] or the facility to add them. Later designs feature the [[Motorola 68040]] or [[Motorola 68060]]. Both CPUs feature integrated FPUs and MMUs. Many CPU accelerator cards also had integrated SCSI controllers.

Phase5 designed the [[PowerUP (accelerator)|PowerUP]] boards ([[Blizzard PPC]] and [[PowerUP (accelerator)#Cyberstorm PPC|CyberStorm PPC]]) featuring both a 68k (a 68040 or 68060) and a PowerPC (603 or 604) CPU, which are able to run the two CPUs at the same time and share the system memory. The PowerPC CPU on PowerUP boards is usually used as a coprocessor for heavy computations; a powerful CPU is needed to run [[MAME]] for example, but even decoding [[JPEG]] pictures and [[MP3]] audio was considered heavy computation at the time. It is also possible to ignore the 68k CPU and run [[Linux]] on the PPC via project Linux APUS, but a PowerPC-native AmigaOS promised by Amiga Technologies GmbH was not available when the PowerUP boards first appeared.<ref name="AutoP5-9" />

24-bit graphics cards and video cards were also available. Graphics cards were designed primarily for 2D artwork production, workstation use, and later, gaming. Video cards are designed for inputting and outputting video signals, and processing and manipulating video.

In the North American market, the ''NewTek [[Video Toaster]]'' was a video effects board that turned the Amiga into an affordable video processing computer that found its way into many professional video environments. One well-known use was to create the special effects in early series of ''[[Babylon 5]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.geek.com/games/cgi-first-introduced-to-tv-in-babylon-5-by-mit-presentor-771051/ |work=geek.com |title=CGI first introduced to TV in Babylon 5 by MIT presentor {{sic|nolink=y}} |access-date=2014-02-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140222172408/http://www.geek.com/games/cgi-first-introduced-to-tv-in-babylon-5-by-mit-presentor-771051/ |archive-date=2014-02-22 |url-status=live }}</ref> Due to its [[NTSC]]-only design, it did not find a market in countries that used the [[PAL]] standard, such as in Europe. In those countries, the ''OpalVision'' card was popular, although less featured and supported than the Video Toaster. Low-cost [[Time base correction|time base correctors]] (TBC) specifically designed to work with the Toaster quickly came to market, most of which were designed as standard Amiga bus cards.

Various manufacturers started producing PCI busboards for the A1200, A3000 and A4000, allowing standard Amiga computers to use PCI cards such as graphics cards, [[Sound Blaster]] sound cards, 10/100 Ethernet cards, USB cards, and television tuner cards. Other manufacturers produced hybrid boards that contained an Intel x86 series chip, allowing the Amiga to emulate a PC.

PowerPC upgrades with Wide SCSI controllers, PCI busboards with Ethernet, sound and 3D graphics cards, and tower cases allowed the A1200 and A4000 to survive well into the late nineties.

Expansion boards were made by Richmond Sound Design that allow their [[show control]] and [[sound design]] software to communicate with their custom hardware frames either by ribbon cable or fiber optic cable for long distances, allowing the Amiga to control up to eight million digitally controlled external audio, lighting, automation, relay and voltage control channels spread around a large theme park, for example. See [[Amiga software]] for more information on these applications.

Other devices included the following:
* [[Amiga 500#Trap-door expansion 501|Amiga 501]] with 512&nbsp;KB RAM and [[real-time clock]]
* Trumpcard 500 [[Zorro-II]] SCSI interface
* [[Great Valley Products#GVP A530 Turbo|GVP A530 Turbo]], accelerator, RAM expansion, PC emulator
* A2091 / A590 SCSI hard disk controller + 2&nbsp;MB RAM expansion<ref name="amigahw_1161" /><ref name="amigahw_534" />
* A3070 SCSI tape backup unit with a capacity of {{nowrap|250 MB}}, [[OEM]] Archive Viper 1/4-inch<ref name="amigahw_1296" />
* A2065 Ethernet Zorro-II interface – the first Ethernet interface for Amiga; uses the [[AMD Am7990]] chip<ref name="amigahw_905" /><ref name="amigacx_a3000eth" /> The same interface chip is used in [[DECstation]] as well.
* Ariadne Zorro-II Ethernet interface using the AMD Am7990<ref name="amigacx_a3000eth" />
* A4066 Zorro II Ethernet interface using the SMC 91C90QF<ref name="amigacx_a3000eth" /><ref name="amigahu_a4066p1" /><!-- http://hardware.amiga.hu/exp/a4066 -->
* X-Surf from Individual Computers using the Realtek 8019AS<ref name="amigacx_a3000eth" />
* A2060 [[Arcnet]]<ref name="amigahi_netfaq_AmiTCP" />
* A1010 [[Floppy-disk controller|floppy]] disk drive consisting of a 3.5-inch [[double density]] (DD), {{nowrap|300 rpm}}, {{nowrap|250&nbsp;kbit/s}} drive unit connected via [[D-subminiature|DB-23]] connector; track-to-track delay is on the order of {{nowrap|~94 ms}}. The default capacity is {{nowrap|880 KB}}<!-- 80*2*11*512 = 901120 -->. Many clone drives were available, and products such as [[Individual Computers Catweasel|the Catweasel]] and [[KryoFlux]] make it possible to read and write Amiga and other special disc formats on standard x86 PCs.<ref name="AutoP5-10" />
* [[NE2000]]-compatible [[PC Card|PCMCIA]] Ethernet cards for Amiga 600 and Amiga 1200<ref name="AutoP5-11" />

==== Serial ports ====
The Commodore A2232 board provides seven RS-232C [[serial port]]s in addition to the Amiga's built-in serial port. Each port can be driven independently at speeds of 50 to {{nowrap|19,200 bits/s}}. There is, however, a driver available on [[Aminet]] that allows two of the serial ports to be driven at {{nowrap|115,200 bits/s}}.<ref name="bboah_a2232">{{cite web|title=Big Book of Amiga Hardware - Commodore: A2232|url=http://www.bboah.com/index.php?action=artikel&cat=58&id=2464&artlang=en|date=2009-01-25|access-date=2013-06-21|publisher=bboah.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104033651/http://www.bboah.com/index.php?action=artikel&cat=58&id=2464&artlang=en|archive-date=2013-11-04|url-status=live}}</ref> The serial card used the [[65CE02]] CPU<ref name="bboah_a2232img">{{cite web|title=a2232_big.jpg|url=http://www.bboah.com/download_photos/a2232_big.jpg|date=2008-08-01|access-date=2013-06-21|publisher=bboah.com|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131104034054/http://www.bboah.com/download_photos/a2232_big.jpg|archive-date=2013-11-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> clocked at {{nowrap|3.58 MHz}}.<ref name="bboah_a2232"/> This CPU was also part of the [[CSG 65CE02|CSG 4510]] CPU core that was used in the [[Commodore 65]] computer.

==== Networking ====
Amiga has three networking interface APIs:
* AS225: the official Commodore TCP/IP stack [[API]] with hard-coded drivers in revision 1 (AS225r1) for the [[AMD Lance Am7990|A2065 Ethernet]] and the A2060 Arcnet interfaces.<ref name="amigahi_netfaq_AmiTCP" /> In revision 2, (AS225r2) the SANA-II interface was used.
* SANA-II: a standardized API for hardware of network interfaces. It uses an inefficient buffer handling scheme, and lacks proper support for [[Promiscuous mode|promiscuous]] and [[multicast]] modes.
* Miami Network Interface (MNI): an API that doesn't have the problems that SANA-II suffers from. It requires AmigaOS v2.04 or higher.

Different network media were used:

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Type !! Speed !! Example
|- <!-- ntsh template used with kbit/s -->
| [[Ethernet]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{ntsh|10000}} {{nowrap|10,000&nbsp;kbit/s}}
| A2065<ref name="amigahw_905">{{cite web|title=Commodore: A2065 |url=http://www.amiga-hardware.com/showhardware.cgi?HARDID=905 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120150722/http://www.amiga-hardware.com/showhardware.cgi?HARDID=905 |archive-date=2013-01-20 }} 090428 amiga-hardware.com</ref>
|-
| [[ARCNET]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{ntsh|2500}} {{nowrap|2,500&nbsp;kbit/s}}
| A560,<ref name="amiga-hardware_com-showhardware_cgi_HARDID_903" /> A2060<ref name="amiga-hardware_com-showhardware_cgi_HARDID_904" />
|-
| [[Floppy disk controller]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{ntsh|250}} {{nowrap|250&nbsp;kbit/s}}
| Amitrix: Amiga-Link<ref name="amiga-hardware_com-showhardware_cgi_HARDID_899" />
|-
| [[Serial port]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{ntsh|115}} {{nowrap|≤ 115.2&nbsp;kbit/s}}
| [[RS-232]]
|-
| [[Parallel port]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{ntsh|1600}} ≈1,600&nbsp;kbit/s<!-- educated guess -->{{original research inline|date=August 2012}}
| Village Tronic: Liana<ref name="amiga-hardware_com-showhardware_cgi_HARDID_1590" />
|-
| [[Token Ring]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{ntsh|1500}} 1,500&nbsp;kbit/s
| Nine Tiles: AmigaLink (9 Tiles)<ref name="amiga-hardware_com-showhardware_cgi_HARDID_1436" />
|-
| [[AppleTalk]] / [[LocalTalk]]
| style="text-align:right;"| {{ntsh|230}} 230.4 – {{nowrap|460&nbsp;kbit/s}}
| PPS-Doubletalk<ref name="amiga-hardware_com-showhardware_cgi_HARDID_918" />
|}