Editing Amazons (section)

== Various authors and chroniclers ==
[[File:Orient méditerranéen de l'Empire romain - Mosaïque byzantine -5.JPG|thumb|upright=1.3|A [[Hippeis#Citizen cavalry|hippeis]] rider seizes a mounted Amazonian warrior armed with a [[labrys]] by her [[Phrygian cap]]. [[Roman mosaic]] emblema (marble and limestone) from Daphne, a suburb of [[Antioch-on-the-Orontes]] (now [[Antakya]] in [[Turkey]]), second half of the 4th century CE, the [[Louvre]], Paris.]]

===Quintus Smyrnaeus===
[[Quintus Smyrnaeus]], author of the [[Posthomerica]] lists the attendant warriors of Penthesilea: "[[Clonie (Greek myth)|Clonie]] was there, [[Polemusa (mythology)|Polemusa]], [[Derinoe (mythology)|Derinoe]], [[Evandre (mythology)|Evandre]], and [[Antandre]], and [[Bremusa]], [[Hippothoe]], dark-eyed [[Harmothoe (mythology)|Harmothoe]], [[Alcibie]], [[Derimacheia (mythology)|Derimacheia]], [[Antibrote (mythology)|Antibrote]], and [[Thermodosa (mythology)|Thermodosa]] glorying with the spear."<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theoi.com/Text/QuintusSmyrnaeus1.html  |title= QUINTUS SMYRNAEUS 1 - THE FALL OF TROY |date=  | publisher= Theoi | author= A. S. WAY  | access-date= February 6, 2021}}</ref>

===Diodorus Siculus===
[[Diodorus Siculus]] lists twelve Amazons who challenged and died fighting Heracles during his quest for Hippolyta's girdle: [[Aella (Amazon)|Aella]], [[Philippis (mythology)|Philippis]], [[Prothoe (mythology)|Prothoe]], [[Eriboea (mythology)|Eriboea]], [[Celaeno]], [[Eurybia (Greek myth)|Eurybia]], [[Phoebe (mythological characters)|Phoebe]], [[Deianira (mythology)|Deianeira]], [[Asteria (mythology)|Asteria]], [[Marpe (mythology)|Marpe]], [[Tecmessa]], and [[Alcippe (mythology)|Alcippe]]. After Alcippe's death, a group attack followed. Diodorus also mentions [[Melanippe]], whom Heracles set free after accepting her girdle and Antiope as ransom.{{sfn|Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica, Books I-V|p=4}}

Diodorus lists another group with [[Myrina (mythology)|Myrina]] as the queen who commanded the Amazons in a military expedition in Libya, as well as her sister [[Mytilene (mythology)|Mytilene]], after whom she named the [[Mytilene|city of the same name]]. Myrina also named three more cities after the Amazons who held the most important commands under her, [[Cyme (Aeolis)|Cyme]], [[Pitane (Aeolis)|Pitane]], and [[Priene]].

===Justin and Paulus Orosius===
Both [[Justin (historian)|Justin]] in his ''Epitome of Trogus Pompeius'' and Paulus Orosius give an account of the Amazons, citing the same names. Queens [[Marpesia]] and [[Lampedo]] shared the power during an incursion in Europe and Asia, where they were slain. Marpesia's daughter [[Orithyia (Amazon)|Orithyia]] succeeded them and was greatly admired for her skill on war. She shared power with her sister [[Antiope (Amazon)|Antiope]], but she was engaged in war abroad when Heracles attacked. Two of Antiope's sisters were taken prisoner, Melanippe by Heracles and [[Hippolyta]] by Theseus. Heracles latter restored Melanippe to her sister after receiving the queen's arms in exchange, though, on other accounts she was killed by [[Telamon]]. They also mention Penthesilea's role in the Trojan War.<ref>[[Scholia]] on [[Pindar]], Nemean Ode 3. 64</ref><ref name="justin-2.4">{{cite web|url=http://www.attalus.org/translate/justin8.html#2.4 |title=Justinus: Epitome of Pompeius Trogus' Philippic Histories 2.4|access-date=2020-05-10}}</ref><ref name="thelatinlibrary.com">[[Paulus Orosius]], [http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/orosius/orosius1.shtml ''Historiae adversus paganos'', I. 15]</ref>

[[File:Peter Paul Rubens - Battle of the Amazons.jpg|thumb|''Battle of the Amazons'' by [[Peter Paul Rubens|Rubens]] and [[Jan Brueghel the Elder|Jan Brueghel]], {{circa|1600}}, [[Sanssouci Picture Gallery]], Potsdam]]

===Hyginus===
Another [[list of Amazons]]' names is found in [[Gaius Julius Hyginus|Hyginus]]' ''Fabulae''. Along with [[Hippolyta]], [[Otrera]], [[Antiope (Amazon)|Antiope]] and [[Penthesilea]], it attests the following names: [[Ocyale (mythology)|Ocyale]], [[Dioxippe]], [[Iphinoe (mythology)|Iphinome]], [[Xanthe (mythology)|Xanthe]], [[Hippothoe]], [[Laomache (mythology)|Laomache]], [[Glauce]], [[Agave (mythology)|Agave]], [[Theseis (mythology)|Theseis]], [[Clymene (mythology)|Clymene]], [[Polydora]].{{sfn|Hygnius|p=163, 30, 122, 223}}

Perhaps the most important is Queen [[Otrera]], consort of [[Ares]] and mother by him of Hippolyta and Penthesilea.<ref>Apollodorus, Bibliotheca E5. 1</ref> She is also known for building a temple to [[Artemis]] at Ephesus.<ref>[[Apollonius Rhodius]], ''[[Argonautica]]'' 2. 370 ff and 382 ff</ref>

===Valerius Flaccus===
Another different set of names is found in [[Gaius Valerius Flaccus|Valerius Flaccus]]' ''Argonautica''. He mentions [[Euryale]], [[Harpe (mythology)|Harpe]], [[Lyce (mythology)|Lyce]], [[Menippe (mythology)|Menippe]] and [[Thoe]]. Of these Lyce also appears on a fragment, preserved in the ''[[Latin Anthology]]'' where she is said to have killed the hero [[Clonus (mythology)|Clonus]] of [[Moesia]], son of [[Doryclus]], with her javelin.<ref>{{cite web |url= https://www.theoi.com/Text/ValeriusFlaccus1.html  |title= VALERIUS FLACCUS 1  |date=  | publisher= Theoi | author= J. H. MOZLEY    | access-date= February 6, 2021}}</ref>

===Palaephatus===
[[Palaephatus]], who himself might have been a fictional character, attempted to rationalize the Greek myths in his work ''[[Paradoxography|On Unbelievable Tales]]''. He suspected that the Amazons were probably men who were mistaken for women by their enemies because they wore clothing that reached their feet, tied up their hair in headbands, and shaved their beards. Probably the first in a long line of skeptics, he rejected any real basis for them, reasoning that because they did not exist during his time, most probably they did not exist in the past either.<ref name="Stern1996">{{cite book|author=Jacob Stern|title=On Unbelievable Tales|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=t4EfiGQwgh4C|date=1 January 1996|publisher=Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers|isbn=978-0-86516-320-1}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=a-NmaO-kM2UC|title=Classical Mythology: A Guide to the Mythical World of the Greeks and Romans|first=William F.|last=Hansen|date=26 April 2005|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=9780195300352|via=Google Books}}</ref><ref name="Westermann1839">{{cite book|author=Anton Westermann|title=Paradoxographoi &#91;romanized&#93;.: Scriptores rerum mirabilium graeci. Insunt (Aristotelis) Mirabiles auscultationes; Antigoni, Apollonii, Phlegontis Historiae mirabiles, Michaelis Pselli Lectiones mirabiles, reliquorum eiusdem generis scriptorum deperditorum fragmenta . Accedunt Phlegontis Macrobii et Olympiadum reliquiae et anonymi tractus De mulieribus, etc|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XIVxAAAAIAAJ|year=1839|publisher=sumptum fecit G. Westermann}}</ref> He himself contradicted this in his rationalizing of [[Oedipus]] and the [[Sphinx]], portraying the latter as an Amazon woman named "Sphinx."