Editing Almohad Caliphate (section)

==== Textiles ====
{{See also|Almoravid and Almohad textiles}}
[[File:Las Navas de Tolosa banner2.jpg|thumb|The "Las Navas de Tolosa banner", an Almohad banner captured by [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]] in the 13th century]]
The Almohads initially eschewed the production of luxury textiles and silks, but eventually they too engaged in this production. Almohad textiles, like earlier Almoravid examples, were often decorated with a grid of roundels filled with ornamental designs or Arabic epigraphy. However, textiles produced by Almohad workshops used progressively less figural decoration than previous Almoravid textiles, in favour of interlacing geometric and vegetal motifs.<ref name=":42">{{Cite book|last=Partearroyo|first=Cristina|url=https://www.metmuseum.org/art/metpublications/Al_Andalus_The_Art_of_Islamic_Spain|title=Al-Andalus: The Art of Islamic Spain|publisher=The Metropolitan Museum of Art|year=1992|isbn=0-87099-637-1|editor-last=Dodds|editor-first=Jerrilynn D.|location=New York|pages=105–113|chapter=Almoravid and Almohad Textiles}}</ref>

One of the best-known textiles traditionally attributed to the Almohads is the "Las Navas de Tolosa Banner", so-called because it was once thought to be a spoil won by [[Alfonso VIII of Castile|Alfonso VIII]] at the [[Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa]] in 1212. More recent studies have proposed that it was actually a spoil won some years later by [[Ferdinand III of Castile|Ferdinand III]].{{Sfn|Dodds|1992|p=|pp=326–327}} The banner was then donated to the [[Abbey of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas|Monastery of Santa Maria la Real de Huelgas]] in [[Burgos]], where it remains today. The banner is richly designed and features blue Arabic inscriptions and white decorative patterns on a red background. The central motif features an eight-pointed star framed by a circle inside a larger square, with smaller motifs filling the bands of the frame and the corner spaces. This central design is surrounded on four sides by Arabic inscriptions in [[Naskh (script)|Naskhi]] script featuring Qur'anic verses ([[As-Saff|''Surah'' 61]]: 10–12), and another horizontal inscription in the banner's upper part which praises God and [[Muhammad]]. Recent studies have argued that the banner is of 14th century origin rather than of Almohad origin, due to its similarities with captured Marinid banners kept at the [[Cathedral of Toledo]] and to its similarities with Nasrid motifs. It remains uncertain whether it was crafted either in Fez under the Marinids or in Granada under the Nasrids.<ref name=":1322">{{Cite book |last=Ali-de-Unzaga |first=Miriam |title=Maroc médiéval: Un empire de l'Afrique à l'Espagne |publisher=Louvre éditions |year=2014 |isbn=9782350314907 |editor-last=Lintz |editor-first=Yannick |location=Paris |pages=98 |language=fr |chapter=La bannière de Las Huelgas dite de "Las Navas de Tolosa" |editor-last2=Déléry |editor-first2=Claire |editor-last3=Tuil Leonetti |editor-first3=Bulle |chapter-url=https://www.academia.edu/12770170}}</ref><ref>See also:
* {{Cite journal |last=Pavón Maldonado |first=Basilio |date=1985 |title=Arte, símbolo y emblemas en la España musulmana |url=https://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/26606 |journal=Al-Qantara |language=es |volume=10 |issue=2 |pages=448 |hdl=10261/26606 |issn=0211-3589}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ruiz Souza |first=Juan Carlos |title=Maravillas de la España medieval: Tesoro sagrado y monarquía |publisher=Junta de Castilla y León |year=2001 |editor-last=Bango Torviso |editor-first=Isidro G. |location=Madrid |pages=35 |language=es |chapter=Botín de guerra y Tesoro sagrado |chapter-url=https://www.ucm.es/al-acmes/file/ruiz-souza-2001-boti%CC%81n-de-guerra-y-tesoro-sagrado-maravillas.cata%CC%81logo}}
* {{Cite book |last=Ali-de-Unzaga |first=Miriam |title=Word of God, Art of Man: The Quran and its Creative Expressions |publisher=Oxford University Press and the Institute for Ismaili Studies |year=2007 |isbn=9780199591497 |editor-last=Suleman |editor-first=Fahmida |pages=239–270 |language=en |chapter=Quranic inscriptions on the so-called 'Pennon of Las Navas de Tolosa' and three Marīnid banners}}
</ref>
<!-- The Las Navas de Tolosa banner probably deserves its own article eventually, with a summary left here instead of the full discussion, since its origin is uncertain but most likely post-Almohad. -->